§9.880ΑΘ. ἧλιξ δὲ ἥλικα καὶ τὸν ἄπαιδα προέχοντα ἡλικίᾳ ἑαυτοῦ ἐὰν τύπτῃ, γέρων τε γέροντα καὶ ἐὰν νέος νέον, ἀμυνέσθω κατὰ φύσιν ἄνευ βέλους ψιλαῖς ταῖς χερσίν·
ATH. If a person of the same age strikes another of his own age, or one who is senior to himself but has no children, and likewise if an old man strikes an old man or a young man a young man, let him defend himself in accordance with nature, without weapons, with his bare hands.
ὁ δὲ ὑπὲρ τετταράκοντα γεγονὼς ἔτη ἐὰν τολμᾷ τῳ μάχεσθαι, εἴτε ἄρχων εἴτε ἀμυνόμενος, ἄγροικος καὶ ἀνελεύθερος ἂν λεγόμενος ἀνδραποδώδης τε, δίκης ἂν ἐπονειδίστου τυγχάνων τὸ πρέπον ἔχοι.
But if anyone over forty years of age dares to fight with anyone, whether initiating the attack or defending himself, let him be called boorish, illiberal, and slavish, and let him meet with the fitting end by receiving a shameful penalty.
καὶ ἐὰν μέν τις τοιούτοις παραμυθίοις εὐπειθὴς γίγνηται, εὐήνιος ἂν εἴη· ὁ δὲ δυσπειθὴς καὶ μηδὲν προοιμίου φροντίζων δέχοιτʼ ἂν τὸν τοιόνδε ἑτοίμως νόμον· ἐάν τις τύπτῃ τὸν πρεσβύτερον εἴκοσιν ἔτεσιν ἢ πλείοσιν ἑαυτοῦ, πρῶτον μὲν ὁ προστυγχάνων, ἐὰν μὴ ἧλιξ μηδὲ νεώτερος ᾖ τῶν μαχομένων, διειργέτω ἢ κακὸς ἔστω κατὰ νόμον· ἐὰν δὲ ἐν τῇ τοῦ πληγέντος ἡλικίᾳ ἢ ἔτι νεώτερος, ἀμυνέτω ὡς ἀδελφῷ ἢ πατρὶ ἢ ἔτι ἀνωτέρω τῷ ἀδικουμένῳ.
And if anyone is obedient to such admonitions, he would be easy to guide; but he who is disobedient and cares nothing for the prelude should receive the following law readily: If anyone strikes a person twenty years or more senior to himself, first of all, any bystander, if he is neither of the same age nor younger than the combatants, must part them or else be deemed base according to the law; but if he is of the same age as the one being struck or even younger, let him defend the injured party as if he were a brother, a father, or an even older ancestor.
πρὸς δʼ ἔτι δίκην ὑπεχέτω τῆς αἰκίας ὁ τὸν πρεσβύτερον, ὡς εἴρηται, τολμήσας τύπτειν, καὶ ἐὰν ὄφλῃ τὴν δίκην, δεδέσθω μηδὲν ἐνιαυτοῦ σμικρότερον· ἐὰν δὲ οἱ δικασταὶ τιμήσωσιν πλείονος, ἔστω κύριος ὁ τιμηθεὶς αὐτῷ χρόνος.
In addition to this, let the one who dared to strike the elder, as has been said, undergo a trial for assault, and if he loses the suit, let him be imprisoned for not less than a year; and if the judges assess a longer period, let the time assessed for him be valid.
ἐὰν δὲ ξένος ἢ τῶν μετοίκων τις τύπτῃ τὸν πρεσβύτερον εἴκοσιν ἔτεσιν ἢ πλείοσιν ἑαυτοῦ, περὶ μὲν τῶν παραγενομένων τῆς βοηθείας ὁ αὐτὸς νόμος ἐχέτω τὴν αὐτὴν δύναμιν, ὁ δὲ τὴν τοιαύτην δίκην ἡττηθείς, ξένος μὲν ὢν καὶ μὴ σύνοικος, δύο ἔτη δεδεμένος ἐκτινέτω ταύτην αὐτὴν τὴν δίκην, ὁ δὲ μέτοικός τε ὢν καὶ ἀπειθῶν τοῖς νόμοις τρία ἔτη δεδέσθω, ἐὰν μὴ τὸ δικαστήριον πλείονος αὐτῷ χρόνου τιμήσῃ τὴν δίκην.
If a foreigner or one of the resident aliens strikes a person twenty years or more senior to himself, let the same law have the same force concerning those who are present to help, but let the person who is defeated in such a suit, if he is a foreigner and not a resident, pay this same penalty by being imprisoned for two years; and let him who is a resident alien and disobedient to the laws be imprisoned for three years, unless the court assesses a longer period of time for his penalty.
ζημιούσθω δὲ καὶ ὁ παραγενόμενος ὁτῳοῦν τούτων καὶ μὴ βοηθήσας κατὰ νόμον, ὁ μὲν μεγίστου τιμήματος ὢν μνᾷ, δευτέρου δὲ ὢν πεντήκοντα δραχμαῖς, τρίτου δὲ τριάκοντα, εἴκοσι δὲ τοῦ τετάρτου·
And let any bystander who was present at any of these occurrences and did not render aid according to the law also be fined: he who belongs to the highest property class, one mina; he of the second class, fifty drachmae; of the third, thirty; and twenty for the fourth class.
δικαστήριον δὲ γιγνέσθω τοῖς τοιούτοισι στρατηγοὶ καὶ ταξίαρχοι φύλαρχοί τε καὶ ἵππαρχοι.
And let the court for such persons consist of the generals, the taxiarchs, the phylarchs, and the hipparchs.
νόμοι δέ, ὡς ἔοικεν, οἱ μὲν τῶν χρηστῶν ἀνθρώπων ἕνεκα γίγνονται, διδαχῆς χάριν τοῦ τίνα τρόπον ὁμιλοῦντες ἀλλήλοις ἂν φιλοφρόνως οἰκοῖεν, οἱ δὲ τῶν τὴν παιδείαν διαφυγόντων, ἀτεράμονι χρωμένων τινὶ φύσει καὶ μηδὲν τεγχθέντων ὥστε μὴ ἐπὶ πᾶσαν ἰέναι κάκην.
Laws, indeed, as it seems, are made in some cases for the sake of good men, for the purpose of teaching them in what way they might associate with one another and live in a friendly manner; but in other cases for those who have escaped education, possessing a certain stubborn nature and having been in no way softened so as not to go to every kind of wickedness.
οὗτοι τοὺς μέλλοντας λόγους ῥηθήσεσθαι πεποιηκότες ἂν εἶεν· οἷς δὴ τοὺς νόμους ἐξ ἀνάγκης ὁ νομοθέτης ἂν νομοθετοῖ, βουλόμενος αὐτῶν μηδέποτε χρείαν γίγνεσθαι.
These latter are the ones who would have caused the laws which are about to be spoken to be made; for them, indeed, the legislator must of necessity legislate, while wishing that there may never be any need of them.