§9.878ΑΘ. ὅταν οὖν τις ἅμα δυστυχηθῇ καὶ ἀσεβηθῇ τῶν οἴκων, ὥστε τὸν κεκτημένον ἐν αὐτῷ παῖδας μὲν μὴ καταλιπεῖν, ἠίθεον δὲ ἢ καὶ γεγαμηκότα ἄπαιδα τελευτῆσαι φόνου ὀφλόντα ἑκουσίου ἤ τινος ἁμαρτήματος ἄλλου τῶν περὶ θεοὺς ἢ πολίτας ὧν ἂν θάνατος ἐν τῷ νόμῳ ζημία διαρρήδην ᾖ κειμένη, ἢ καὶ ἐν ἀειφυγίᾳ τις φεύγῃ τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἄπαις, τοῦτον πρῶτον μὲν καθήρασθαι καὶ ἀποδιοπομπήσασθαι τὸν οἶκον χρεὼν ἔστω κατὰ νόμον, ἔπειτα συνελθόντας, καθάπερ εἴπομεν νυνδή, τοὺς οἰκείους ἅμα νομοφύλαξιν σκέψασθαι γένος ὅτιπερ ἂν ᾖ τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει εὐδοκιμώτατον πρὸς ἀρετὴν καὶ ἅμα εὐτυχές, ἐν ᾧ ἂν παῖδες γεγονότες ὦσιν πλείους· ὅθεν ἕνα τῷ τοῦ τελευτήσαντος πατρὶ καὶ τοῖς ἄνω τοῦ γένους ὑὸν ὡς ἐκείνων εἰσποιοῦντας, φήμης ἕνεκα ἐπονομάζοντας, γεννήτορά τε αὑτοῖς καὶ ἑστιοῦχον καὶ θεραπευτὴν ὁσίων τε καὶ ἱερῶν ἐπʼ ἀμείνοσι τύχαις γίγνεσθαι τοῦ πατρός, τούτῳ τῷ τρόπῳ ἐπευξαμένους, αὐτὸν κληρονόμον καταστῆσαι κατὰ νόμον, τὸν δʼ ἐξαμαρτόντα ἀνώνυμον ἐᾶν καὶ ἄπαιδα καὶ ἄμοιρον κεῖσθαι, ὁπόταν αὐτὸν καταλάβωσιν αἱ τοιαῦται συμφοραί.
ATH. When, therefore, one of the houses is at once unfortunate and desecrated, so that the owner of it leaves no children, but dies unmarried or married and childless, having been convicted of voluntary murder or some other offense against the gods or the citizens for which death is explicitly laid down in the law as the penalty, or indeed one of the men should flee into lifelong exile childless, let it be necessary according to the law first of all to purify and avert evil from this house, and then, having gathered together, as we said just now, the relatives along with the guardians of the laws must consider whatever family among those in the city is most reputable in respect of virtue and at the same time fortunate, in which more children have been born; from where, adopting one as a son for the father of the deceased and for the ancestors of the family as if he were theirs, naming him for the sake of the family name, and praying in this manner that he may become for them a progenitor, a guardian of the hearth, and a minister of sacred and holy things under better fortune than his father's, they must establish him as heir according to the law, while leaving the offender to lie nameless, childless, and portionless, whenever such misfortunes overtake him.
ἔστιν δὲ οὐ πάντων, ὡς ἔοικε, τῶν ὄντων ὅρος ὅρῳ προσμειγνύς, ἀλλʼ οἷς ἔστιν μεθόριον, τοῦτο ἐν μέσῳ ὅρων πρότερον ἑκατέρῳ προσβάλλον γίγνοιτʼ ἂν ἀμφοῖν μεταξύ· καὶ δὴ καὶ τῶν ἀκουσίων τε καὶ ἑκουσίων τὸ θυμῷ γιγνόμενον ἔφαμεν εἶναι τοιοῦτον.
But it seems that in not all things that exist does boundary touch boundary, but for those which have a borderland, this, being in the middle of the boundaries and touching each beforehand, would lie between both; and indeed, of both involuntary and voluntary acts, we said that what is done in anger is of this nature.
τραυμάτων οὖν ἔστω τῶν ὀργῇ γενομένων· ἐὰν ὄφλῃ τις, πρῶτον μὲν τίνειν τοῦ βλάβους τὴν διπλασίαν, ἂν τὸ τραῦμα ἰάσιμον ἀποβῇ, τῶν δὲ ἀνιάτων τὴν τετραπλασίαν· ἐὰν δὲ ἰάσιμον μέν, αἰσχύνην δὲ μεγάλην τινὰ προσβάλλῃ τῷ τρωθέντι καὶ ἐπονείδιστον, τὴν τετραπλασίαν ἐκτίνειν.
Let there be laws, then, concerning woundings done in anger: if anyone is convicted, first indeed he must pay double the damage if the wound turns out to be curable, but fourfold for incurable ones; and if it is curable, but inflicts some great and shameful disfigurement upon the wounded person, he must pay fourfold.
ὅσα δέ τις τρώσας τινὰ μὴ μόνον βλάπτῃ τὸν παθόντα ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν πόλιν, ποιήσας ἀδύνατον τῇ πατρίδι πρὸς πολεμίους βοηθεῖν, τοῦτον δὲ μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων ζημιῶν ἐκτίνειν καὶ τῇ πόλει τὴν βλάβην· πρὸς γὰρ ταῖς αὑτοῦ στρατείαις καὶ ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἀδυνατοῦντος στρατευέσθω καὶ τὰς ὑπὲρ ἐκείνου πολεμικὰς ταττέσθω τάξεις, ἢ μὴ δρῶν ταῦτα ὑπόδικος τῷ ἐθέλοντι τῆς ἀστρατείας γιγνέσθω κατὰ νόμον.
And in all cases where anyone by wounding someone not only harms the victim but also the city, by making him unable to defend his fatherland against enemies, he must, in addition to the other penalties, pay for the damage to the city as well; for in addition to his own military services, let him also serve on behalf of the disabled man and be stationed in the battle ranks in his stead, or if he does not do this, let him according to the law be liable to prosecution for evasion of military service by anyone who wishes.
τὴν δὲ δὴ τῆς βλάβης ἀξίαν, εἴτε διπλῆν εἴτε τριπλῆν εἴτε καὶ τετραπλασίαν, οἱ καταψηφισάμενοι δικασταὶ ταττόντων.
And let the judges who voted for his conviction determine the worthy measure of the damage, whether double, triple, or even fourfold.
ἐὰν δὲ ὁμόγονος ὁμόγονον τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον τούτῳ τρώσῃ, τοὺς γεννήτας καὶ τοὺς συγγενεῖς μέχρι ἀνεψιῶν παίδων πρὸς γυναικῶν καὶ ἀνδρῶν, γυναῖκάς τε καὶ ἄνδρας συνελθόντας, κρίναντας παραδιδόναι τιμᾶν τοῖς γεννήσασι κατὰ φύσιν· ἐὰν δὲ ἀμφισβητήσιμος ἡ τίμησις γίγνηται, τοὺς πρὸς ἀνδρῶν εἶναι τιμῶντας κυρίους, ἐὰν δὲ ἀδυνατῶσιν αὐτοί, τοῖς νομοφύλαξιν τελευτῶντας ἐπιτρέπειν.
And if a kinsman wounds a kinsman in this same manner, let the clansmen and relatives as far as children of cousins on both the women's and the men's side, both women and men, gather together, and after judging, hand over the assessment of the penalty to the natural parents; and if the assessment becomes a matter of dispute, let those on the men's side have authoritative power over the assessment, and if they themselves are unable to decide, let them in the end refer it to the guardians of the laws.