§9.872ΑΘ. ἐὰν δὲ αὐτόχειρ μὲν μή, βουλεύσῃ δὲ θάνατόν τις ἄλλος ἑτέρῳ καὶ τῇ βουλήσει τε καὶ ἐπιβουλεύσει ἀποκτείνας αἴτιος ὢν καὶ μὴ καθαρὸς τὴν ψυχὴν τοῦ φόνου ἐν πόλει ἐνοικῇ, γιγνέσθων καὶ τούτῳ κατὰ ταὐτὰ αἱ κρίσεις τούτων πέρι πλὴν τῆς ἐγγύης, τῷ δὲ ὀφλόντι ταφῆς τῆς οἰκείας ἐξέστω τυχεῖν, τὰ δὲ ἄλλα κατὰ ταὐτὰ ὡσαύτως τῷ πρόσθεν ῥηθέντι περὶ αὐτὸν γιγνέσθω.
ATH. If indeed not by his own hand, but someone plans death for another, and being responsible for the killing by his planning and plotting, dwells in the city with his soul not pure of the murder, let the trials concerning these matters take place for him also in the same way, except for the bail; and let it be permitted for the one who is convicted to obtain his family burial, but in other respects let it take place concerning him in the same way, just as was said before.
τὰ αὐτὰ δὲ ἔστω ταῦτα ξένοισί τε πρὸς ξένους καὶ ἀστοῖσι καὶ ξένοις πρὸς ἀλλήλους, δούλοις τε αὖ πρὸς δούλους, τῆς τε αὐτοχειρίας πέρι καὶ ἐπιβουλεύσεως, πλὴν τῆς ἐγγύης· ταύτην δέ, καθάπερ εἴρηται, τοὺς αὐτόχειρας κατεγγυᾶσθαι, τὸν δὲ προαγορεύοντα τὸν φόνον ἅμα κατεγγυᾶν καὶ τούτους.
And let these same rules apply to strangers against strangers, and to citizens and strangers against one another, and to slaves against slaves, concerning both direct killing and plotting, except for the bail; and as for this bail, as has been said, let the direct killers provide it, and let the one who proclaims the murder demand bail from these men as well.
ἐὰν δὲ δοῦλος ἐλεύθερον ἑκών, εἴτε αὐτόχειρ εἴτε βουλεύσας, ἀποκτείνῃ καὶ ὄφλῃ τὴν δίκην, ὁ τῆς πόλεως κοινὸς δήμιος ἄγων πρὸς τὸ μνῆμα τοῦ ἀποθανόντος, ὅθεν ἂν ὁρᾷ τὸν τύμβον, μαστιγώσας ὁπόσας ἂν ὁ ἑλὼν προστάττῃ, ἐάνπερ βιῷ παιόμενος ὁ φονεύς, θανατωσάτω.
If a slave voluntarily kills a free person, whether by his own hand or by plotting, and is convicted, let the public executioner of the city lead him to the tomb of the deceased, to a spot from which he can see the mound, and having scourged him as many times as the prosecutor orders (provided that the murderer survives the beating), let him put him to death.
ἐὰν δέ τις δοῦλον κτείνῃ μηδὲν ἀδικοῦντα, φόβῳ δὲ μὴ μηνυτὴς αἰσχρῶν ἔργων καὶ κακῶν αὐτοῦ γίγνηται, ἤ τινος ἕνεκα ἄλλου τοιούτου, καθάπερ ἂν εἰ πολίτην κτείνας ὑπεῖχε φόνου δίκας, ὡσαύτως καὶ τοῦ τοιούτου δούλου κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ ἀποθανόντος οὕτως ὑπεχέτω.
But if anyone kills a slave who has done no wrong, out of fear lest he become an informer of his shameful and evil deeds, or for some other such reason, just as if he had killed a citizen and submitted to trials for murder, let him likewise submit to trial for such a slave killed in the same way.
ἐὰν δὲ δὴ γίγνηται ἐφʼ οἷσι καὶ νομοθετεῖν δεινὸν καὶ οὐδαμῶς προσφιλές, μὴ νομοθετεῖν δὲ ἀδύνατον, συγγενῶν αὐτόχειρας φόνους ἢ διʼ ἐπιβουλεύσεως γενομένους, ἑκουσίους τε καὶ ἀδίκους πάντως, οἳ τὰ μὲν πολλὰ ἐν κακῶς οἰκούσαις καὶ τρεφομέναις γίγνονται πόλεσιν, γένοιτο δʼ ἄν πού τι καὶ ἐν ᾗ μή τις ἂν προσδοκήσειεν χώρᾳ, λέγειν μὲν δὴ χρεὼν αὖ πάλιν τὸν ἔμπροσθε σμικρῷ ῥηθέντα λόγον, ἂν ἄρα τις ἀκούων ἡμῶν οἷος ἀποσχέσθαι γένηται μᾶλλον ἑκὼν διὰ τὰ τοιαῦτα φόνων τῶν πάντῃ ἀνοσιωτάτων.
But if indeed there should occur deeds about which it is dreadful even to legislate and by no means pleasing, though to fail to legislate is impossible—namely, direct murders of relatives or those occurring through plotting, voluntary and entirely unjust—which for the most part happen in badly governed and badly nurtured cities, but might also happen somewhere even in a country where one would not expect it, it is indeed necessary to speak again the argument mentioned a short while before, in the hope that someone, hearing us, might become more willing to abstain from such killings, which are in every way most unholy.
ὁ γὰρ δὴ μῦθος ἢ λόγος, ἢ ὅτι χρὴ προσαγορεύειν αὐτόν, ἐκ παλαιῶν ἱερέων εἴρηται σαφῶς, ὡς ἡ τῶν συγγενῶν αἱμάτων τιμωρὸς δίκη ἐπίσκοπος νόμῳ χρῆται τῷ νυνδὴ λεχθέντι καὶ ἔταξεν ἄρα δράσαντί τι τοιοῦτον παθεῖν ταὐτὰ ἀναγκαίως ἅπερ ἔδρασεν· εἰ πατέρα ἀπέκτεινέν ποτέ τις, αὐτὸν τοῦτο ὑπὸ τέκνων τολμῆσαι βίᾳ πάσχοντα ἔν τισι χρόνοις, κἂν εἰ μητέρα, γενέσθαι τε αὐτὸν θηλείας μετασχόντα φύσεως ἀναγκαῖον, γενόμενόν τε ὑπὸ τῶν γεννηθέντων λιπεῖν τὸν βίον ἐν χρόνοις ὑστέροις·
For the myth or doctrine, or whatever one ought to call it, has been clearly spoken by ancient priests, that the avenging justice of kindred blood acts as an overseer using the law just now mentioned, and ordained that the doer of such a deed must necessarily suffer the very things he did: if someone once killed his father, he himself must endure to suffer this by force by his children in some future times; and if he killed his mother, it is necessary that he be born having partaken of the female nature, and having been born, leave his life by those whom he begot in later times.
§9.873ΑΘ. τοῦ γὰρ κοινοῦ μιανθέντος αἵματος οὐκ εἶναι κάθαρσιν ἄλλην, οὐδὲ ἔκπλυτον ἐθέλειν γίγνεσθαι τὸ μιανθὲν πρὶν φόνον φόνῳ ὁμοίῳ ὅμοιον ἡ δράσασα ψυχὴ τείσῃ καὶ πάσης τῆς συγγενείας τὸν θυμὸν ἀφιλασαμένη κοιμίσῃ.
For when the common blood has been polluted, there is no other purification, nor does the polluted blood wish to be washed away, 873a¦ until the doing soul pays a similar penalty with a similar murder, and having appeased and laid to rest the anger of the whole family.
ταῦτα δὴ παρὰ θεῶν μέν τινα φοβούμενον τὰς τιμωρίας εἴργεσθαι χρὴ τὰς τοιαύτας· εἰ δέ τινας οὕτως ἀθλία συμφορὰ καταλάβοι, ὥστε πατρὸς ἢ μητρὸς ἢ ἀδελφῶν ἢ τέκνων ἐκ προνοίας ἑκουσίως ψυχὴν τολμῆσαι ἀποστερεῖν σώματος, ὁ παρὰ τοῦ θνητοῦ νομοθέτου νόμος ὧδε περὶ τῶν τοιούτων νομοθετεῖ, Προρρήσεις μὲν τὰς περὶ τῶν νομίμων εἴργεσθαι καὶ ἐγγύας τὰς αὐτὰς εἶναι καθάπερ ἐρρήθη τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν· ἐὰν δέ τις ὄφλῃ φόνου τοιούτου, τούτων κτείνας τινά, οἱ μὲν τῶν δικαστῶν ὑπηρέται καὶ ἄρχοντες ἀποκτείναντες, εἰς τεταγμένην τρίοδον ἔξω τῆς πόλεως ἐκβαλλόντων γυμνόν, αἱ δὲ ἀρχαὶ πᾶσαι ὑπὲρ ὅλης τῆς πόλεως, λίθον ἕκαστος φέρων, ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ νεκροῦ βάλλων ἀφοσιούτω τὴν πόλιν ὅλην, μετὰ δὲ τοῦτο εἰς τὰ τῆς χώρας ὅρια φέροντες ἐκβαλλόντων τῷ νόμῳ ἄταφον.
These punishments indeed from the gods one must fear and abstain from such acts; but if anyone should be overtaken by such a wretched misfortune that he should of premeditation and voluntarily dare to deprive of body the soul of father or mother or brothers or children, the law of the mortal legislator concerning such matters legislates thus: Let the proclamations concerning exclusion from customary rights and the bails be the same as was said for those before; and if anyone is convicted of such a murder, having killed one of these, let the assistants and officers of the judges, having put him to death, cast him out naked into a designated three-way road outside the city, and let all the offices on behalf of the whole city, each carrying a stone, cast it upon the head of the corpse and purify the whole city, and after this, carrying him to the borders of the country, cast him out unburied according to the law.
τὸν δὲ δὴ πάντων οἰκειότατον καὶ λεγόμενον φίλτατον ὃς ἂν ἀποκτείνῃ, τί χρὴ πάσχειν;
But the one who kills his very own, said to be the dearest of all, what must he suffer?
λέγω δὲ ὃς ἂν ἑαυτὸν κτείνῃ, τὴν τῆς εἱμαρμένης βίᾳ ἀποστερῶν μοῖραν, μήτε πόλεως ταξάσης δίκῃ, μήτε περιωδύνῳ ἀφύκτῳ προσπεσούσῃ τύχῃ ἀναγκασθείς, μηδὲ αἰσχύνης τινὸς ἀπόρου καὶ ἀβίου μεταλαχών, ἀργίᾳ δὲ καὶ ἀνανδρίας δειλίᾳ ἑαυτῷ δίκην ἄδικον ἐπιθῇ.
I mean the one who kills himself, depriving by force of the portion of destiny, neither when the city has ordered by judgment, nor forced by some unavoidable and agonizing misfortune falling upon him, nor having partaken of some helpless and unlivable shame, but who through idleness and cowardice of unmanliness imposes an unjust penalty upon himself.
τούτῳ δὴ τὰ μὲν ἄλλα θεὸς οἶδεν ἃ χρὴ νόμιμα γίγνεσθαι περὶ καθαρμούς τε καὶ ταφάς, ὧν ἐξηγητάς τε ἅμα καὶ τοὺς περὶ ταῦτα νόμους ἐπανερομένους χρὴ τοὺς ἐγγύτατα γένει ποιεῖν αὐτοῖσιν κατὰ τὰ προσταττόμενα·
For this person, indeed, as to what other customary rites must take place concerning purifications and burials, God knows; and the nearest by birth must do for them according to what is commanded, inquiring both of the interpreters and of the laws concerning these matters.
τάφους δʼ εἶναι τοῖς οὕτω φθαρεῖσι πρῶτον μὲν κατὰ μόνας μηδὲ μεθʼ ἑνὸς συντάφου, εἶτα ἐν τοῖς τῶν δώδεκα ὁρίοισι μερῶν τῶν ὅσα ἀργὰ καὶ ἀνώνυμα θάπτειν ἀκλεεῖς αὐτούς, μήτε στήλαις μήτε ὀνόμασι δηλοῦντας τοὺς τάφους.
But let the graves for those thus destroyed be first of all separate and not with even one other shared grave, and then let them bury them ingloriously in the borders of the twelve parts, in such parts as are waste and nameless, showing the graves neither with slabs nor with names.
ἐὰν δʼ ἄρα ὑποζύγιον ἢ ζῷον ἄλλο τι φονεύσῃ τινά, πλὴν τῶν ὅσα ἐν ἀγῶνι τῶν δημοσίᾳ τιθεμένων ἀθλεύοντά τι τοιοῦτον δράσῃ, ἐπεξίτωσαν μὲν οἱ προσήκοντες τοῦ φόνου τῷ κτείναντι, διαδικαζόντων δὲ τῶν ἀγρονόμων οἷσιν ἂν καὶ ὁπόσοις προστάξῃ ὁ προσήκων, τὸ δὲ ὀφλὸν ἔξω τῶν ὅρων τῆς χώρας ἀποκτείναντας διορίσαι.
If indeed a beast of burden or any other animal kills anyone, except for those that do such a thing while competing in the contests publicly established, let the relatives prosecute the killer for murder, and let the land-wardens, whomsoever and as many as the relative appoints, judge the matter, and let them, having put the convicted animal to death, cast it out beyond the borders of the country.