§7.814ΑΘ. πάντων γὰρ τούτων διδασκάλους τε εἶναι δεῖ κοινούς, ἀρνυμένους μισθὸν παρὰ τῆς πόλεως, καὶ τούτων μαθητὰς τοὺς ἐν τῇ πόλει παῖδάς τε καὶ ἄνδρας, καὶ κόρας καὶ γυναῖκας πάντων τούτων ἐπιστήμονας, κόρας μὲν οὔσας ἔτι πᾶσαν τὴν ἐν ὅπλοις ὄρχησιν καὶ μάχην μεμελετηκυίας, γυναῖκας δέ, διεξόδων καὶ τάξεων καὶ θέσεως καὶ ἀναιρέσεως ὅπλων ἡμμένας, εἰ μηδενὸς ἕνεκα, ἀλλʼ εἴ ποτε δεήσειε πανδημεὶ πάσῃ τῇ δυνάμει καταλείποντας τὴν πόλιν ἔξω στρατεύεσθαι, τοὺς φυλάξοντας παῖδάς τε καὶ τὴν ἄλλην πόλιν ἱκανοὺς εἶναι τό γε τοσοῦτον, ἢ καὶ τοὐναντίον, ὧν οὐδὲν ἀπώμοτον, ἔξωθεν πολεμίους εἰσπεσόντας ῥώμῃ τινὶ μεγάλῃ καὶ βίᾳ, βαρβάρους εἴτε Ἕλληνας, ἀνάγκην παρασχεῖν περὶ αὐτῆς τῆς πόλεως τὴν διαμάχην γίγνεσθαι, πολλή που κακία πολιτείας οὕτως αἰσχρῶς τὰς γυναῖκας εἶναι τεθραμμένας, ὡς μηδʼ ὥσπερ ὄρνιθας περὶ τέκνων μαχομένας πρὸς ὁτιοῦν τῶν ἰσχυροτάτων θηρίων ἐθέλειν ἀποθνῄσκειν τε καὶ πάντας κινδύνους κινδυνεύειν, ἀλλʼ εὐθὺς πρὸς ἱερὰ φερομένας, πάντας βωμούς τε καὶ ναοὺς ἐμπιμπλάναι, καὶ δόξαν τοῦ τῶν ἀνθρώπων γένους καταχεῖν ὡς πάντων δειλότατον φύσει θηρίων ἐστίν.
ATH.: For of all these there must be public teachers, receiving pay from the city, and as pupils of these, the boys and men in the city, and also the girls and women, having become knowledgeable in all these things; the girls, while they are still girls, having practiced the entire dance in arms and combat, and the women, having applied themselves to maneuvers, formations, and the putting down and taking up of arms—if for no other reason, but if ever it should be necessary to march out to war in mass with the entire force, leaving the city, so that those who are to guard the children and the rest of the city should be sufficient at least to this extent; or on the contrary—none of which is impossible—enemies from without falling upon them with some great power and force, whether barbarians or Greeks, should present a necessity that the fight to the death take place around the city itself, it would be, I suppose, a great vice of the constitution for the women to have been so disgracefully reared that they do not even wish, like birds fighting for their young against any of the strongest beasts, to die and to run all risks, but, fleeing straight to the temples, fill all the altars and shrines, and pour down upon the human race the reputation that it is by nature the most cowardly of all beasts.
ΚΛ. οὐ μὰ τὸν Δία, ὦ ξένε, οὐδαμῶς εὔσχημον γίγνοιτʼ ἄν, τοῦ κακοῦ χωρίς, τοῦτο ἐν πόλει ὅπου γίγνοιτο.
CL.: By Zeus, O stranger, this would in no way be seemly— apart from the evil—in any city where it should happen.
ΑΘ. οὐκοῦν τιθῶμεν τὸν νόμον τοῦτον, μέχρι γε τοσούτου μὴ ἀμελεῖσθαι τὰ περὶ τὸν πόλεμον γυναιξὶν δεῖν, ἐπιμελεῖσθαι δὲ πάντας τοὺς πολίτας καὶ τὰς πολίτιδας;
ATH.: Shall we then establish this law, that to this extent at least, the things concerning war must not be neglected by women, but all male citizens and female citizens must take care of them?
ΚΛ. ἐγὼ γοῦν συγχωρῶ.
CL.: I at least agree.
ΑΘ. πάλης τοίνυν τὰ μὲν εἴπομεν, ὃ δʼ ἐστὶ μέγιστον, ὡς ἐγὼ φαίην ἄν, οὐκ εἰρήκαμεν, οὐδʼ ἔστι ῥᾴδιον ἄνευ τοῦ τῷ σώματι δεικνύντα ἅμα καὶ τῷ λόγῳ φράζειν.
ATH.: Of wrestling, therefore, some things we have said, but what is greatest, as I would say, we have not said, nor is it easy to express in speech without showing it at the same time with the body.
τοῦτʼ οὖν τότε κρινοῦμεν, ὅταν ἔργῳ λόγος ἀκολουθήσας μηνύσῃ τι σαφὲς τῶν τε ἄλλων ὧν εἴρηκεν πέρι, καὶ ὅτι τῇ πολεμικῇ μάχῃ πασῶν κινήσεων ὄντως ἐστὶ συγγενὴς πολὺ μάλισθʼ ἡμῖν ἡ τοιαύτη πάλη, καὶ δὴ καὶ ὅτι δεῖ ταύτην ἐκείνης χάριν ἐπιτηδεύειν, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἐκείνην ταύτης ἕνεκα μανθάνειν.
This, therefore, we shall judge then, when speech following upon action reveals something clear both about the other things of which it has spoken, and that this sort of wrestling is for us of all movements indeed by far most akin to military combat, and indeed that one must practice this for the sake of that, but not learn that for the sake of this.
ΚΛ. καλῶς τοῦτό γε λέγεις.
CL.: You speak well indeed on this.
ΑΘ. νῦν δὴ τῆς μὲν περὶ παλαίστραν δυνάμεως τὸ μέχρι δεῦρʼ ἡμῖν εἰρήσθω· περὶ δὲ τῆς ἄλλης κινήσεως παντὸς τοῦ σώματος, ἧς τὸ πλεῖστον μέρος ὄρχησίν τινά τις προσαγορεύων ὀρθῶς ἂν φθέγγοιτο, δύο μὲν αὐτῆς εἴδη χρὴ νομίζειν εἶναι, τὴν μὲν τῶν καλλιόνων σωμάτων ἐπὶ τὸ σεμνὸν μιμουμένην, τὴν δὲ τῶν αἰσχιόνων ἐπὶ τὸ φαῦλον, καὶ πάλιν τοῦ φαύλου τε δύο καὶ τοῦ σπουδαίου δύο ἕτερα.
ATH.: Now indeed, let what has been said up to here suffice for us concerning the ability regarding the wrestling-school; but concerning the other movement of the entire body, of which if someone should address the greatest part as a kind of dance, he would speak correctly, we must consider that there are two forms of it: one imitating the more beautiful bodies toward the grand, and the other imitating the uglier bodies toward the low; and again two other forms of the low and two of the serious.
§7.815ΑΘ. τοῦ δὴ σπουδαίου τὴν μὲν κατὰ πόλεμον καὶ ἐν βιαίοις ἐμπλακέντων πόνοις σωμάτων μὲν καλῶν, ψυχῆς δʼ ἀνδρικῆς, τὴν δʼ ἐν εὐπραγίαις τε οὔσης ψυχῆς σώφρονος ἐν ἡδοναῖς τε ἐμμέτροις·
ATH.: Of the serious sort, one form is that in war and in violent labors of beautiful bodies, indeed, and of a manly soul; the other is of a temperate soul being in prosperities and in moderate pleasures.
εἰρηνικὴν ἄν τις λέγων κατὰ φύσιν τὴν τοιαύτην ὄρχησιν λέγοι.
If someone should call this sort of dance 'peaceful' in accordance with nature, he would speak correctly.
τὴν πολεμικὴν δὴ τούτων, ἄλλην οὖσαν τῆς εἰρηνικῆς, πυρρίχην ἄν τις ὀρθῶς προσαγορεύοι, τάς τε εὐλαβείας πασῶν πληγῶν καὶ βολῶν ἐκνεύσεσι καὶ ὑπείξει πάσῃ καὶ ἐκπηδήσεσιν ἐν ὕψει καὶ σὺν ταπεινώσει μιμουμένην, καὶ τὰς ταύταις ἐναντίας, τὰς ἐπὶ τὰ δραστικὰ φερομένας αὖ σχήματα, ἔν τε ταῖς τῶν τόξων βολαῖς καὶ ἀκοντίων καὶ πασῶν πληγῶν μιμήματα ἐπιχειρούσας μιμεῖσθαι·
The military form of these, being other than the peaceful, one would correctly address as the 'pyrrhic', which imitates both the avoidances of all blows and missiles by ducking aside and every yielding and leaping up high and crouching low, and the opposites to these, which tend on the other hand toward active postures, attempting to imitate imitations in the releases of bows and javelins and all blows.
τό τε ὀρθὸν ἐν τούτοις καὶ τὸ εὔτονον, τῶν ἀγαθῶν σωμάτων καὶ ψυχῶν ὁπόταν γίγνηται μίμημα, εὐθυφερὲς ὡς τὸ πολὺ τῶν τοῦ σώματος μελῶν γιγνόμενον, ὀρθὸν μὲν τὸ τοιοῦτον, τὸ δὲ τούτοις τοὐναντίον οὐκ ὀρθὸν ἀποδεχόμενον.
And the straight and well-tensioned in these, whenever an imitation of good bodies and souls arises, keeping the limbs of the body for the most part straight-moving—such a thing is correct, but that which is opposite to these, receiving what is not straight, is not correct.
τὴν δὲ εἰρηνικὴν ὄρχησιν τῇδʼ αὖ θεωρητέον ἑκάστων, εἴτε ὀρθῶς εἴτε μὴ κατὰ φύσιν τις τῆς καλῆς ὀρχήσεως ἀντιλαμβανόμενος ἐν χορείαις πρεπόντως εὐνόμων ἀνδρῶν διατελεῖ.
On the other hand, the peaceful dance of each must be examined in this way: whether someone, laying hold of beautiful dance either correctly or not in accordance with nature, continues in the choral dances of well-ordered men in a fitting manner.
τὴν τοίνυν ἀμφισβητουμένην ὄρχησιν δεῖ πρῶτον χωρὶς τῆς ἀναμφισβητήτου διατεμεῖν.
Therefore, we must first cut apart the disputed dance from the undisputed.
τίς οὖν αὕτη, καὶ πῇ δεῖ χωρὶς τέμνειν ἑκατέραν;
What then is this, and in what way must we cut each apart?
ὅση μὲν βακχεία τʼ ἐστὶν καὶ τῶν ταύταις ἑπομένων, ἃς Νύμφας τε καὶ Πᾶνας καὶ Σειληνοὺς καὶ Σατύρους ἐπονομάζοντες, ὥς φασιν, μιμοῦνται κατῳνωμένους, περὶ καθαρμούς τε καὶ τελετάς τινας ἀποτελούντων, σύμπαν τοῦτο τῆς ὀρχήσεως τὸ γένος οὔθʼ ὡς εἰρηνικὸν οὔθʼ ὡς πολεμικὸν οὔθʼ ὅτι ποτὲ βούλεται ῥᾴδιον ἀφορίσασθαι·
All that which is Bacchic and of those following these, whom they name Nymphs, Pans, Sileni, and Satyrs, as they say, imitating them when drunken, of those performing certain purifications and initiations—all this class of dance is neither peaceful nor military, nor is it easy to define what on earth it intends.
διορίσασθαι μήν μοι ταύτῃ δοκεῖ σχεδὸν ὀρθότατον αὐτὸ εἶναι, χωρὶς μὲν πολεμικοῦ, χωρὶς δὲ εἰρηνικοῦ θέντας, εἰπεῖν ὡς οὐκ ἔστι πολιτικὸν τοῦτο τῆς ὀρχήσεως τὸ γένος, ἐνταῦθα δὲ κείμενον ἐάσαντας κεῖσθαι, νῦν ἐπὶ τὸ πολεμικὸν ἅμα καὶ εἰρηνικὸν ὡς ἀναμφισβητήτως ἡμέτερον ὂν ἐπανιέναι.
Yet, to define it, it seems to me to be almost most correct in this way: placing it apart from the military and apart from the peaceful, to say that this class of dance is not civic, and leaving it to lie where it lies, now to return to the military and at the same time peaceful as being indisputably ours.
τὸ δὲ τῆς ἀπολέμου μούσης, ἐν ὀρχήσεσιν δὲ τούς τε θεοὺς καὶ τοὺς τῶν θεῶν παῖδας τιμώντων, ἓν μὲν σύμπαν γίγνοιτʼ ἂν γένος ἐν δόξῃ τοῦ πράττειν εὖ γιγνόμενον, τοῦτο δὲ διχῇ διαιροῖμεν ἄν, τὸ μὲν ἐκ πόνων τινῶν αὐτοῦ καὶ κινδύνων διαπεφευγότων εἰς ἀγαθά, μείζους ἡδονὰς ἔχον, τὸ δὲ τῶν ἔμπροσθεν ἀγαθῶν σωτηρίας οὔσης καὶ ἐπαύξης, πρᾳοτέρας τὰς ἡδονὰς κεκτημένον ἐκείνων.
But that of the non-military Muse, honoring the gods and the children of the gods in dances, would be on the whole one class, arising in the belief of doing well; and we would divide this in two: the one having greater pleasures, of those who have escaped from certain labors and dangers into good things, and the other having gentler pleasures than those, when there is safety and increase of previous good things.