§7.797ΑΘ. ἀκούσατε δέ μου, προακηκοότες μὲν καὶ ἐν τοῖς πρόσθεν· ὅμως δὲ τό γε σφόδρα ἄτοπον καὶ ἄηθες διευλαβεῖσθαι δεῖ λέγοντα καὶ ἀκούοντα, καὶ δὴ καὶ νῦν.
ATH.: Hear me then, though you have already heard me in what went before; yet, both speaker and hearer must beware of what is highly strange and unusual, and indeed especially now.
ἐρῶ μὲν γὰρ ἐγὼ λόγον οὐκ ἄφοβον εἰπεῖν, ὅμως δέ πῃ θαρρήσας οὐκ ἀποστήσομαι.
For I shall speak a discourse not without fear to utter, yet somehow taking courage I will not shrink back.
ΚΛ. τίνα δὴ τοῦτον, ὦ ξένε, λέγεις;
CL.: What is this indeed, O stranger, of which you speak?
ΑΘ. φημὶ κατὰ πάσας πόλεις τὸ τῶν παιδιῶν γένος ἠγνοῆσθαι σύμπασιν ὅτι κυριώτατόν ἐστι περὶ θέσεως νόμων, ἢ μονίμους εἶναι τοὺς τεθέντας ἢ μή.
ATH.: I say that in all states, the nature of children's play has been entirely ignored by all as being of supreme importance in the establishment of laws, as to whether the established laws are to remain permanent or not.
ταχθὲν μὲν γὰρ αὐτὸ καὶ μετασχὸν τοῦ τὰ αὐτὰ κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ καὶ ὡσαύτως ἀεὶ τοὺς αὐτοὺς παίζειν τε καὶ εὐθυμεῖσθαι τοῖς αὐτοῖς παιγνίοις, ἐᾷ καὶ τὰ σπουδῇ κείμενα νόμιμα μένειν ἡσυχῇ, κινούμενα δὲ τὰ αὐτὰ καὶ καινοτομούμενα, μεταβολαῖς τε ἄλλαις ἀεὶ χρώμενα, καὶ μηδέποτε ταὐτὰ φίλα προσαγορευόντων τῶν νέων, μήτʼ ἐν σχήμασιν τοῖς τῶν αὑτῶν σωμάτων μήτε ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις σκεύεσιν ὁμολογουμένως αὐτοῖς ἀεὶ κεῖσθαι τό τʼ εὔσχημον καὶ ἄσχημον, ἀλλὰ τόν τι νέον ἀεὶ καινοτομοῦντα καὶ εἰσφέροντα τῶν εἰωθότων ἕτερον κατά τε σχήματα καὶ χρώματα καὶ πάντα ὅσα τοιαῦτα, τοῦτον τιμᾶσθαι διαφερόντως, τούτου πόλει λώβην οὐκ εἶναι μείζω φαῖμεν ἂν ὀρθότατα λέγοντες·
For indeed, when it is regulated and shares in the same children playing always the same games in the same way and likewise, and rejoicing in the same toys, it allows also the laws established in earnest to remain in peace; but when these same games are disturbed and innovated, and constantly employing other changes, and the young never declare the same things to be dear, and there is no agreed standard among them as to what is decent and indecent, either in the postures of their own bodies or in their other equipments, but the one who always innovates something new and introduces something different from the customary in postures, colors, and all such things is exceptionally honored—than this we would say most rightly that there is no greater bane for a state.
λανθάνειν γὰρ τῶν νέων τὰ ἤθη μεθιστάντα καὶ ποιεῖν τὸ μὲν ἀρχαῖον παρʼ αὐτοῖς ἄτιμον, τὸ δὲ νέον ἔντιμον.
For it secretly changes the characters of the young, making the old-fashioned dishonored among them, and the new honored.
τούτου δὲ πάλιν αὖ λέγω τοῦ τε ῥήματος καὶ τοῦ δόγματος οὐκ εἶναι ζημίαν μείζω πάσαις πόλεσιν· ἀκούσατε δὲ ὅσον φημὶ αὔτʼ εἶναι κακόν.
And of this saying and opinion, again, I say there is no greater damage to all states; hear how great an evil I say it is.
ΚΛ. ἦ τὸ ψέγεσθαι τὴν ἀρχαιότητα λέγεις ἐν ταῖς πόλεσιν;
CL.: Do you mean the blaming of antiquity in states?
ΑΘ. πάνυ μὲν οὖν.
ATH.: Exactly.
ΚΛ. οὐ φαύλους τοίνυν ἡμᾶς ἂν ἀκροατὰς πρὸς αὐτὸν τὸν λόγον ἔχοις ἂν τοῦτον, ἀλλʼ ὡς δυνατὸν εὐμενεστάτους.
CL.: Then you would have us as no bad listeners to this very discourse, but as well-disposed as possible.
ΑΘ. εἰκὸς γοῦν.
ATH.: Quite likely.
ΚΛ. λέγε μόνον.
CL.: Only speak.
ΑΘ. ἴτε δή, μειζόνως αὐτὸν ἀκούσωμέν τε ἡμῶν αὐτῶν καὶ πρὸς ἀλλήλους οὕτως εἴπωμεν.
ATH.: Come then, let us listen to it even more attentively than to ourselves, and let us speak to each other in this way.
μεταβολὴν γὰρ δὴ πάντων πλὴν κακῶν πολὺ σφαλερώτατον εὑρήσομεν ἐν ὥραις πάσαις, ἐν πνεύμασιν, ἐν διαίταις σωμάτων, ἐν τρόποις ψυχῶν, ἐν ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν οὐ τοῖς μέν, τοῖς δʼ οὔ, πλήν, ὅτιπερ εἶπον νυνδή, κακοῖς·
For we shall find that change of all things, except of evil things, is by far the most dangerous, in all seasons, in winds, in regimens of bodies, in characters of souls, in a word, not in some things and not in others, except, as I said just now, in evil things.
ὥστε, εἴ τις ἀποβλέψειε πρὸς σώματα, ὡς πᾶσι μὲν σιτίοις, πᾶσι δʼ αὖ ποτοῖς καὶ πόνοις συνήθη γιγνόμενα, καὶ τὸ πρῶτον ταραχθέντα ὑπʼ αὐτῶν, ἔπειτʼ ἐξ αὐτῶν τούτων ὑπὸ χρόνου σάρκας φύσαντα οἰκείας τούτοις, φίλα τε καὶ συνήθη καὶ γνώριμα γενόμενα ἁπάσῃ ταύτῃ τῇ διαίτῃ πρὸς ἡδονὴν καὶ ὑγίειαν ἄριστα διάγει,
So that, if one should look at bodies, how they become accustomed to all foods, and again to all drinks and labors, and though at first disturbed by them, yet afterwards from these very things by time growing flesh suited to these, they become friendly, accustomed, and familiar to all this regimen, and pass their time best in respect to pleasure and health,