§6.756ΑΘ. χειροτονούντων δὲ στρατηγοὺς μὲν καὶ ἱππάρχους πάντες, ταξιάρχους δὲ οἱ τὴν ἀσπίδα τιθέμενοι, φυλάρχους δὲ αὖ τούτοις πᾶν τὸ ἱππικὸν αἱρείσθω, ψιλῶν δὲ ἢ τοξοτῶν ἤ τινος ἄλλου τῶν ἐμπολεμίων ἡγεμόνας οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἑαυτοῖς καθιστάντων.
ATH.: Let all indeed elect generals and hipparchs by a show of hands, but let those who bear the shield elect taxiarchs; and on the other hand, for these, let all the cavalry elect phylarchs; and let the generals establish for themselves leaders of the light-armed troops, or archers, or any other of the military forces.
ἱππάρχων δὴ κατάστασις ἂν ἡμῖν ἔτι λοιπὴ γίγνοιτο.
Now, the appointment of hipparchs would still remain for us.
τούτους οὖν προβαλλέσθων μὲν οἵπερ καὶ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς προυβάλλοντο, τὴν δὲ αἵρεσιν καὶ τὴν ἀντιπροβολὴν τούτων τὴν αὐτὴν γίγνεσθαι καθάπερ ἡ τῶν στρατηγῶν ἐγίγνετο, χειροτονείτω δὲ τὸ ἱππικὸν αὐτοὺς ἐναντίον ὁρώντων τῶν πεζῶν, δύο δὲ οἷς ἂν πλείστη χειροτονία γίγνηται, τούτους ἡγεμόνας εἶναι πάντων τῶν ἱππευόντων.
Let those, therefore, who proposed the generals also propose these, and let the election and the counter-proposal of these be the same as that of the generals was, and let the cavalry elect them in the presence of the infantry who are looking on; and let the two who receive the most votes by show of hands be leaders of all the horsemen.
τὰς δὲ ἀμφισβητήσεις τῶν χειροτονιῶν μέχρι δυοῖν εἶναι· τὸ δὲ τρίτον ἐὰν ἀμφισβητῇ τις, διαψηφίζεσθαι τούτους οἷσπερ τῆς χειροτονίας μέτρον ἑκάστοις ἕκαστον ἦν.
And let disputes concerning the elections by show of hands be up to two times; and if anyone disputes a third time, let those who had the measure of the election for each of them decide by ballot.
βουλὴν δὲ εἶναι μὲν τριάκοντα δωδεκάδας—ἑξήκοντα δὲ καὶ τριακόσιοι γίγνοιντο ἂν πρέποντες ταῖς διανομαῖς—μέρη δὲ διανείμαντας τέτταρα κατὰ ἐνενήκοντα τὸν ἀριθμὸν τούτων, ἐξ ἑκάστου τῶν τιμημάτων φέρειν ἐνενήκοντα βουλευτάς.
And let there be a council of thirty twelves—and three hundred and sixty would be suitable for the distributions—and having divided them into four parts of ninety in number, let them return ninety councilors from each of the property valuations.
πρῶτον μὲν ἐκ τῶν μεγίστων τιμημάτων ἅπαντας φέρειν ἐξ ἀνάγκης, ἢ ζημιοῦσθαι τὸν μὴ πειθόμενον τῇ δοξάσῃ ζημίᾳ· ἐπειδὰν δʼ ἐνεχθῶσι, τούτους μὲν κατασημήνασθαι, τῇ δὲ ὑστεραίᾳ φέρειν ἐκ τῶν δευτέρων τιμημάτων κατὰ ταὐτὰ καθάπερ τῇ πρόσθεν, τρίτῃ δʼ ἐκ τῶν τρίτων τιμημάτων φέρειν μὲν τὸν βουλόμενον, ἐπάναγκες δὲ εἶναι τοῖς τῶν τριῶν τιμημάτων, τὸ δὲ τέταρτόν τε καὶ σμικρότατον ἐλεύθερον ἀφεῖσθαι τῆς ζημίας, ὃς ἂν αὐτῶν μὴ βούληται φέρειν.
First, let all vote of necessity from the greatest property valuations, or let him who does not obey be fined with the approved fine; and when they have voted, let these votes be sealed, and on the next day let them vote from the second valuations in the same manner as on the day before; and on the third day let anyone who wishes vote from the third valuations, but let it be compulsory for those of the three valuations, and let the fourth and smallest class be left free from the fine, whoever of them does not wish to vote.
τετάρτῃ δὲ φέρειν μὲν ἐκ τοῦ τετάρτου καὶ σμικροτάτου τιμήματος ἅπαντας, ἀζήμιον δʼ εἶναι τὸν ἐκ τοῦ τετάρτου καὶ τρίτου τιμήματος, ἐὰν ἐνεγκεῖν μὴ βούληται· τὸν δʼ ἐκ τοῦ δευτέρου καὶ πρώτου μὴ φέροντα ζημιοῦσθαι, τὸν μὲν ἐκ τοῦ δευτέρου τριπλασίᾳ τῆς πρώτης ζημίας, τὸν δʼ ἐκ τοῦ πρώτου τετραπλασίᾳ.
And on the fourth day let all vote from the fourth and smallest valuation, but let him from the fourth and third valuation be free from fine if he does not wish to vote; but let him from the second and first who does not vote be fined, the one from the second with three times the first fine, and the one from the first with four times.
πέμπτῃ δὲ ἡμέρᾳ τὰ κατασημανθέντα ὀνόματα ἐξενεγκεῖν μὲν τοὺς ἄρχοντας ἰδεῖν πᾶσι τοῖς πολίταις, φέρειν δʼ ἐκ τούτων αὖ πάντα ἄνδρα ἢ ζημιοῦσθαι τῇ πρώτῃ ζημίᾳ· ὀγδοήκοντα δὲ καὶ ἑκατὸν ἐκλέξαντας ἀφʼ ἑκάστων τῶν τιμημάτων, τοὺς ἡμίσεις τούτων ἀποκληρώσαντας δοκιμάσαι, τούτους δʼ εἶναι τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν βουλευτάς.
And on the fifth day let the officials set out the sealed names for all the citizens to see, and let every man vote again from these, or be fined with the first fine; and having selected one hundred and eighty from each of the valuations, and having chosen by lot half of these, let them examine them, and let these be the councilors for the year.
§6.757ΑΘ. ἡ μὲν αἵρεσις οὕτω γιγνομένη μέσον ἂν ἔχοι μοναρχικῆς καὶ δημοκρατικῆς πολιτείας, ἧς ἀεὶ δεῖ μεσεύειν τὴν πολιτείαν·
ATH.: An election taking place in this way would hold a middle course between a monarchical and a democratic constitution, in the middle of which the constitution must always be.
δοῦλοι γὰρ ἂν καὶ δεσπόται οὐκ ἄν ποτε γένοιντο φίλοι, οὐδὲ ἐν ἴσαις τιμαῖς διαγορευόμενοι φαῦλοι καὶ σπουδαῖοι—τοῖς γὰρ ἀνίσοις τὰ ἴσα ἄνισα γίγνοιτʼ ἄν, εἰ μὴ τυγχάνοι τοῦ μέτρου—διὰ γὰρ ἀμφότερα ταῦτα στάσεων αἱ πολιτεῖαι πληροῦνται.
For slaves and masters would never become friends, nor would base and noble men be proclaimed with equal honors—for to unequal things, equal things would become unequal, if they should not meet with the proper measure—for because of both of these things, constitutions are filled with factions.
παλαιὸς γὰρ λόγος ἀληθὴς ὤν, ὡς ἰσότης φιλότητα ἀπεργάζεται, μάλα μὲν ὀρθῶς εἴρηται καὶ ἐμμελῶς· ἥτις δʼ ἐστί ποτε ἰσότης ἡ τοῦτο αὐτὸ δυναμένη, διὰ τὸ μὴ σφόδρα σαφὴς εἶναι σφόδρα ἡμᾶς διαταράττει.
For the ancient saying, being true, that 'equality produces friendship,' has been spoken very correctly and harmoniously; but what sort of equality it is that has this very power, because it is not very clear, disturbs us greatly.
δυοῖν γὰρ ἰσοτήτοιν οὔσαιν, ὁμωνύμοιν μέν, ἔργῳ δὲ εἰς πολλὰ σχεδὸν ἐναντίαιν, τὴν μὲν ἑτέραν εἰς τὰς τιμὰς πᾶσα πόλις ἱκανὴ παραγαγεῖν καὶ πᾶς νομοθέτης, τὴν μέτρῳ ἴσην καὶ σταθμῷ καὶ ἀριθμῷ, κλήρῳ ἀπευθύνων εἰς τὰς διανομὰς αὐτήν· τὴν δὲ ἀληθεστάτην καὶ ἀρίστην ἰσότητα οὐκέτι ῥᾴδιον παντὶ ἰδεῖν.
For there being two equalities, synonymous indeed, but in fact almost opposite in many things, every city and every lawgiver is able to introduce the one into honors, the one equal in measure and weight and number, directing it by lot into distributions; but the truest and best equality is no longer easy for everyone to see.
Διὸς γὰρ δὴ κρίσις ἐστί, καὶ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἀεὶ σμικρὰ μὲν ἐπαρκεῖ, πᾶν δὲ ὅσον ἂν ἐπαρκέσῃ πόλεσιν ἢ καὶ ἰδιώταις, πάντʼ ἀγαθὰ ἀπεργάζεται·
For indeed it is the judgment of Zeus, and always assists men but little; but all that it does assist, whether in cities or even in private individuals, produces all good things.
τῷ μὲν γὰρ μείζονι πλείω, τῷ δʼ ἐλάττονι σμικρότερα νέμει, μέτρια διδοῦσα πρὸς τὴν αὐτῶν φύσιν ἑκατέρῳ, καὶ δὴ καὶ τιμὰς μείζοσι μὲν πρὸς ἀρετὴν ἀεὶ μείζους, τοῖς δὲ τοὐναντίον ἔχουσιν ἀρετῆς τε καὶ παιδείας τὸ πρέπον ἑκατέροις ἀπονέμει κατὰ λόγον.
For it distributes more to the greater, and smaller to the less, giving what is moderate to each according to their nature, and especially, always greater honors to the greater in virtue, and to those who have the opposite of virtue and education, it assigns what is fitting to each according to proportion.
ἔστιν γὰρ δήπου καὶ τὸ πολιτικὸν ἡμῖν ἀεὶ τοῦτʼ αὐτὸ τὸ δίκαιον· οὗ καὶ νῦν ἡμᾶς ὀρεγομένους δεῖ καὶ πρὸς ταύτην τὴν ἰσότητα, ὦ Κλεινία, ἀποβλέποντας, τὴν νῦν φυομένην κατοικίζειν πόλιν.
For indeed, our political justice is always this very thing; which we also must reach out for now, and looking toward this equality, O Cleinias, found the city now arising.
ἄλλην τε ἄν ποτέ τις οἰκίζῃ, πρὸς ταὐτὸν τοῦτο σκοπούμενον χρεὼν νομοθετεῖν, ἀλλʼ οὐ πρὸς ὀλίγους τυράννους ἢ πρὸς ἕνα ἢ καὶ κράτος δήμου τι, πρὸς δὲ τὸ δίκαιον ἀεί, τοῦτο δʼ ἐστὶ τὸ νυνδὴ λεχθέν, τὸ κατὰ φύσιν ἴσον ἀνίσοις ἑκάστοτε δοθέν·
And if anyone ever founds another city, he must legislate looking toward this same thing, and not toward a few tyrants or toward one or even some power of the democracy, but always toward justice, and this is what was just now said, the equality according to nature given to unequal things each time.
ἀναγκαῖόν γε μὴν καὶ τούτοις παρωνυμίοισί ποτε προσχρήσασθαι πόλιν ἅπασαν, εἰ μέλλει στάσεων ἑαυτῇ μὴ προσκοινωνήσειν κατά τι μέρος—τὸ γὰρ ἐπιεικὲς καὶ σύγγνωμον τοῦ τελέου καὶ ἀκριβοῦς παρὰ δίκην τὴν ὀρθήν ἐστιν παρατεθραυμένον, ὅταν γίγνηται—διὸ τῷ τοῦ κλήρου ἴσῳ ἀνάγκη προσχρήσασθαι δυσκολίας τῶν πολλῶν ἕνεκα, θεὸν καὶ ἀγαθὴν τύχην καὶ τότε ἐν εὐχαῖς ἐπικαλουμένους ἀπορθοῦν αὐτοὺς τὸν κλῆρον πρὸς τὸ δικαιότατον.
Yet indeed, it is necessary for every city to make use of these by-names sometimes, if it is not to share in factions with itself in some part—for equity and indulgence, when they occur, are a fracture of perfect and strict justice contrary to correct justice—therefore it is necessary to make use of the equality of the lot because of the discontent of the many, praying to god and good fortune even then to direct the lot for them toward what is most just.