§5.747ΑΘ. πρὸς δὲ τούτοις οὐδʼ ἐκεῖνα φοβητέα, δείσαντα τὴν δόξασαν ἂν γίγνεσθαι σμικρολογίαν, ἄν τις προστάττῃ πάντα ὁπόσʼ ἂν σκεύη κτῶνται, μηδὲν ἄμετρον αὐτῶν ἐᾶν εἶναι, καὶ κοινῷ λόγῳ νομίσαντα πρὸς πάντα εἶναι χρησίμους τὰς τῶν ἀριθμῶν διανομὰς καὶ ποικίλσεις, ὅσα τε αὐτοὶ ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ποικίλλονται καὶ ὅσα ἐν μήκεσι καὶ ἐν βάθεσι ποικίλματα, καὶ δὴ καὶ ἐν φθόγγοις καὶ κινήσεσι ταῖς τε κατὰ τὴν εὐθυπορίαν τῆς ἄνω καὶ κάτω φορᾶς καὶ τῆς κύκλῳ περιφορᾶς·
ATH.: In addition to these things, we must not fear those matters either, out of dread for the small-mindedness that might seem to arise, if someone should order that of all the utensils they acquire, none of them be left disproportionate; rather, we should consider that, in a general sense, the distributions and variations of numbers are useful for all things, both in all the variations they undergo within themselves and in those of lengths and depths, and indeed also in sounds and in motions, both those of vertical upward and downward transit and of circular revolution.
πρὸς γὰρ ταῦτα πάντα δεῖ βλέψαντα τόν γε νομοθέτην προστάττειν τοῖς πολίταις πᾶσιν εἰς δύναμιν τούτων μὴ ἀπολείπεσθαι τῆς συντάξεως.
For the legislator must look to all these things and command all citizens to the best of their ability not to fall short of this arrangement.
πρός τε γὰρ οἰκονομίαν καὶ πρὸς πολιτείαν καὶ πρὸς τὰς τέχνας πάσας ἓν οὐδὲν οὕτω δύναμιν ἔχει παίδειον μάθημα μεγάλην, ὡς ἡ περὶ τοὺς ἀριθμοὺς διατριβή·
For with respect to domestic economy, to politics, and to all the arts, not a single educational study has so great a power as study concerning numbers.
τὸ δὲ μέγιστον, ὅτι τὸν νυστάζοντα καὶ ἀμαθῆ φύσει ἐγείρει καὶ εὐμαθῆ καὶ μνήμονα καὶ ἀγχίνουν ἀπεργάζεται, παρὰ τὴν αὑτοῦ φύσιν ἐπιδιδόντα θείᾳ τέχνῃ.
But the greatest thing is that it awakens the one who is by nature sluggish and ignorant, and makes him quick to learn, retentive in memory, and sharp-witted, improving beyond his own nature through a divine art.
ταῦτα δὴ πάντα, ἐὰν μὲν ἄλλοις νόμοις τε καὶ ἐπιτηδεύμασιν ἀφαιρῆταί τις τὴν ἀνελευθερίαν καὶ φιλοχρηματίαν ἐκ τῶν ψυχῶν τῶν μελλόντων αὐτὰ ἱκανῶς τε καὶ ὀνησίμως κτήσεσθαι, καλὰ τὰ παιδεύματα καὶ προσήκοντα γίγνοιτʼ ἄν· εἰ δὲ μή, τὴν καλουμένην ἄν τις πανουργίαν ἀντὶ σοφίας ἀπεργασάμενος λάθοι, καθάπερ Αἰγυπτίους καὶ Φοίνικας καὶ πολλὰ ἕτερα ἀπειργασμένα γένη νῦν ἔστιν ἰδεῖν ὑπὸ τῆς τῶν ἄλλων ἐπιτηδευμάτων καὶ κτημάτων ἀνελευθερίας, εἴτε τις νομοθέτης αὐτοῖς φαῦλος ἂν γενόμενος ἐξηργάσατο τὰ τοιαῦτα εἴτε χαλεπὴ τύχη προσπεσοῦσα εἴτε καὶ φύσις ἄλλη τις τοιαύτη.
All these studies indeed, if by other laws and customs one removes vulgarity and love of money from the souls of those who are going to acquire them sufficiently and beneficially, would become beautiful and fitting; but otherwise, one might unconsciously produce what is called cleverness instead of wisdom, just as we can see now has happened to the Egyptians and Phoenicians and many other peoples, worked out by the vulgarity of their other pursuits and possessions, whether because some bad legislator of theirs brought such things about, or some difficult fortune befell them, or some other such nature.
καὶ γάρ, ὦ Μέγιλλέ τε καὶ Κλεινία, μηδὲ τοῦθʼ ἡμᾶς λανθανέτω περὶ τόπων ὡς οὐκ εἰσὶν ἄλλοι τινὲς διαφέροντες ἄλλων τόπων πρὸς τὸ γεννᾶν ἀνθρώπους ἀμείνους καὶ χείρους, οἷς οὐκ ἐναντία νομοθετητέον·
And indeed, Megillus and Cleinias, let this not escape us concerning places, that some are not different from others in producing better and worse men, for which we must not legislate in an opposite way; for some, no doubt, owing to all kinds of winds and exposures to the sun, are strange or propitious, others because of waters, and others because of the very food from the earth, which yields not only better and worse bodies but is no less able to implant all such qualities in souls.
οἱ μέν γέ που διὰ πνεύματα παντοῖα καὶ διʼ εἱλήσεις ἀλλόκοτοί τέ εἰσιν καὶ ἐναίσιοι αὐτῶν, οἱ δὲ διʼ ὕδατα, οἱ δὲ καὶ διʼ αὐτὴν τὴν ἐκ τῆς γῆς τροφήν, ἀναδιδοῦσαν οὐ μόνον τοῖς σώμασιν ἀμείνω καὶ χείρω, ταῖς δὲ ψυχαῖς οὐχ ἧττον δυναμένην πάντα τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐμποιεῖν, τούτων δʼ αὖ πάντων μέγιστον διαφέροιεν ἂν τόποι χώρας ἐν οἷς θεία τις ἐπίπνοια καὶ δαιμόνων λήξεις εἶεν, τοὺς ἀεὶ κατοικιζομένους ἵλεῳ δεχόμενοι καὶ τοὐναντίον.
And of all these things, the greatest difference would be made by locations of a country in which there is some divine inspiration and allotments of daimons, receiving those who settle there in a friendly manner, or the opposite.
οἷς ὅ γε νοῦν ἔχων νομοθέτης, ἐπισκεψάμενος ὡς ἄνθρωπον οἷόν τʼ ἐστὶν σκοπεῖν τὰ τοιαῦτα, οὕτω πειρῷτʼ ἂν τιθέναι τοὺς νόμους.
To these things, the legislator who has intellect, having investigated them as far as a human is able to do, should thus try to establish the laws.
ὃ δὴ καὶ σοὶ ποιητέον, ὦ Κλεινία· πρῶτον τρεπτέον ἐπὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα μέλλοντί γε κατοικίζειν χώραν.
And this is exactly what you must do, Cleinias; one who is about to colonize a territory must first turn to such things.
ΚΛ. ἀλλʼ, ὦ ξένε Ἀθηναῖε, λέγεις τε παγκάλως ἐμοί τε οὕτως ποιητέον.
CLE.: Well, Athenian stranger, you speak beautifully, and I must do indeed as you say.