§5.745ΑΘ. μέτρον δὲ αὐτὸν θέμενος ὁ νομοθέτης διπλάσιον ἐάσει τούτου κτᾶσθαι καὶ τριπλάσιον καὶ μέχρι τετραπλασίου·
ATH.: And establishing this as the measure, the legislator will allow one to acquire double of this, and triple, and up to quadruple.
πλείονα δʼ ἄν τις κτᾶται τούτων, εὑρὼν ἢ δοθέντων ποθὲν ἢ χρηματισάμενος, ἤ τινι τύχῃ τοιαύτῃ κτησάμενος ἄλλῃ τὰ περιγιγνόμενα τοῦ μέτρου, τῇ πόλει ἂν αὐτὰ καὶ τοῖς τὴν πόλιν ἔχουσιν θεοῖς ἀπονέμων εὐδόκιμός τε καὶ ἀζήμιος ἂν εἴη·
And if anyone should acquire more than these, whether by finding it, or it being given from somewhere, or by making money, or having acquired it by any other such chance, he would be well-reputed and free from penalty if he assigned the surplus beyond the measure to the city and to the gods who hold the city.
ἐὰν δέ τις ἀπειθῇ τούτῳ τῷ νόμῳ, φανεῖ μὲν ὁ βουλόμενος ἐπὶ τοῖς ἡμίσεσιν, ὁ δὲ ὀφλὼν ἄλλο τοσοῦτον μέρος ἀποτείσει τῆς αὑτοῦ κτήσεως, τὰ δʼ ἡμίσεα τῶν θεῶν.
But if anyone should disobey this law, whoever wishes may denounce him on terms of receiving half, and the one found guilty shall pay another such portion from his own property, and the half shall belong to the gods.
ἡ δὲ κτῆσις χωρὶς τοῦ κλήρου πάντων πᾶσα ἐν τῷ φανερῷ γεγράφθω παρὰ φύλαξιν ἄρχουσιν, οἷς ἂν ὁ νόμος προστάξῃ, ὅπως ἂν αἱ δίκαι περὶ πάντων, ὅσαι εἰς χρήματα, ῥᾴδιαί τε ὦσι καὶ σφόδρα σαφεῖς.
And let all property of everyone, apart from the lot, be written down in public with the guardian officials, whom the law shall prescribe, so that lawsuits about all things, as many as concern money, may be both easy and very clear.
τὸ δὴ μετὰ τοῦτο πρῶτον μὲν τὴν πόλιν ἱδρῦσθαι δεῖ τῆς χώρας ὅτι μάλιστα ἐν μέσῳ, καὶ τἆλλα ὅσα πρόσφορα πόλει τῶν ὑπαρχόντων ἔχοντα τόπον ἐκλεξάμενον, ἃ νοῆσαί τε καὶ εἰπεῖν οὐδὲν χαλεπόν·
After this, first of all, the city must be established as far as possible in the center of the territory, having chosen a location that has all the other things that are advantageous to a city among those that exist, which is not difficult to conceive or to express.
μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα μέρη δώδεκα διελέσθαι, θέμενον Ἑστίας πρῶτον καὶ Διὸς καὶ Ἀθηνᾶς ἱερόν, ἀκρόπολιν ὀνομάζοντα, κύκλον περιβάλλοντα, ἀφʼ οὗ τὰ δώδεκα μέρη τέμνειν τήν τε πόλιν αὐτὴν καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν χώραν.
After this, one must divide it into twelve parts, first establishing a temple of Hestia and Zeus and Athena, naming it the acropolis and surrounding it with a wall, from which one is to cut the twelve parts, both of the city itself and of the whole territory.
ἴσα δὲ δεῖ γίγνεσθαι τὰ δώδεκα μέρη τῷ τὰ μὲν ἀγαθῆς γῆς εἶναι σμικρά, τὰ δὲ χείρονος μείζω.
And the twelve parts must be made equal by making those of good land small, and those of poorer land larger.
κλήρους δὲ διελεῖν τετταράκοντα καὶ πεντακισχιλίους, τούτων τε αὖ δίχα τεμεῖν ἕκαστον καὶ συγκληρῶσαι δύο τμήματα, τοῦ τε ἐγγὺς καὶ τοῦ πόρρω μετέχοντα ἑκάτερον·
And one must divide the lots to the number of five thousand and forty, and of these again cut each in two, and couple by lot two sections, each sharing in what is near and what is far.
τὸ πρὸς τῇ πόλει μέρος τῷ πρὸς τοῖς ἐσχάτοις εἷς κλῆρος, καὶ τὸ δεύτερον ἀπὸ πόλεως τῷ ἀπʼ ἐσχάτων δευτέρῳ, καὶ τἆλλα οὕτως πάντα.
The section near the city with the section near the borders shall make one lot, and the second from the city with the second from the borders, and all the rest in this same way.
μηχανᾶσθαι δὲ καὶ ἐν τοῖς δίχα τμήμασι τὸ νυνδὴ λεγόμενον φαυλότητός τε καὶ ἀρετῆς χώρας, ἐπανισουμένους τῷ πλήθει τε καὶ ὀλιγότητι τῆς διανομῆς.
And in the two-fold sections also, one must contrive what was just now mentioned concerning the badness and goodness of the land, making them equal by the size and smallness of the distribution.
νείμασθαι δὲ δὴ καὶ τοὺς ἄνδρας δώδεκα μέρη, τὴν τῆς ἄλλης οὐσίας εἰς ἴσα ὅτι μάλιστα τὰ δώδεκα μέρη συνταξάμενον, ἀπογραφῆς πάντων γενομένης·
And one must indeed also divide the men into twelve parts, having arranged the rest of their property into twelve parts as equal as possible, after a registration of all has been made.
καὶ δὴ καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο δώδεκα θεοῖς δώδεκα κλήρους θέντας, ἐπονομάσαι καὶ καθιερῶσαι τὸ λαχὸν μέρος ἑκάστῳ τῷ θεῷ, καὶ φυλὴν αὐτὴν ἐπονομάσαι.
And indeed, after this, having set twelve lots for twelve gods, they must name and dedicate the portion obtained by lot to each god, and call that part a tribe.
τέμνειν δʼ αὖ καὶ τὰ δώδεκα τῆς πόλεως τμήματα τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον ὅνπερ καὶ τὴν ἄλλην χώραν διένεμον·
And again, they must cut the twelve sections of the city in the same way as they divided the rest of the territory.
καὶ δύο νέμεσθαι ἕκαστον οἰκήσεις, τήν τε ἐγγὺς τοῦ μέσου καὶ τὴν τῶν ἐσχάτων.
And each person must hold two dwellings, both the one near the center and the one at the borders.
καὶ τὴν μὲν κατοίκισιν οὕτω τέλος ἔχειν.
And in this way, let the settlement have its completion.
§5.746ΑΘ. ἐννοεῖν δὲ ἡμᾶς τὸ τοιόνδε ἐστὶν χρεὼν ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου, ὡς τὰ νῦν εἰρημένα πάντα οὐκ ἄν ποτε εἰς τοιούτους καιροὺς συμπέσοι, ὥστε συμβῆναι κατὰ λόγον οὕτω σύμπαντα γενόμενα, ἄνδρας τε οἳ μὴ δυσχερανοῦσι τὴν τοιαύτην συνοικίαν, ἀλλʼ ὑπομενοῦσιν χρήματά τε ἔχοντες τακτὰ καὶ μέτρια διὰ βίου παντὸς καὶ παίδων γενέσεις ἃς εἰρήκαμεν ἑκάστοις, καὶ χρυσοῦ στερόμενοι καὶ ἑτέρων ὧν δῆλος ὁ νομοθέτης προστάξων ἐστὶν ἐκ τούτων τῶν νῦν εἰρημένων, ἔτι δὲ χώρας τε καὶ ἄστεος, ὡς εἴρηκεν, μεσότητάς τε καὶ ἐν κύκλῳ οἰκήσεις πάντῃ, σχεδὸν οἷον ὀνείρατα λέγων, ἢ πλάττων καθάπερ ἐκ κηροῦ τινα πόλιν καὶ πολίτας.
ATH.: But it is necessary for us by all means to bear in mind this sort of thing, that all the things now spoken of would never happen to coincide with such opportunities that they would turn out in accordance with our account having all occurred in this way; namely, men who will not be displeased with such a community, but will submit to having property fixed and moderate through their whole life, and the births of children which we have prescribed for each, and being deprived of gold and of the other things which it is clear the legislator will forbid based on what has now been said, and further, the central locations of the territory and of the city, as he said, and the dwellings in a circle everywhere, as if speaking of dreams, or shaping some city and citizens out of wax.
ἔχει δὴ τὰ τοιαῦτα οὐ κακῶς τινα τρόπον εἰρημένα, χρὴ δʼ ἐπαναλαμβάνειν πρὸς αὑτὸν τὰ τοιάδε.
These things have indeed not been badly said in a certain way, but one must repeat to oneself the following.
πάλιν ἄρα ἡμῖν ὁ νομοθετῶν φράζει τόδε· ἐν τούτοις τοῖς λόγοις, ὦ φίλοι, μηδʼ αὐτὸν δοκεῖτέ με λεληθέναι τὸ νῦν λεγόμενον ὡς ἀληθῆ διεξέρχεταί τινα τρόπον.
Once again, then, the legislator tells us this: 'In these discourses, my friends, do not think that it has escaped even myself that what is now being said is, in a certain sense, true.
ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἐν ἑκάστοις τῶν μελλόντων ἔσεσθαι δικαιότατον οἶμαι τόδε εἶναι, τὸν τὸ παράδειγμα δεικνύντα, οἷον δεῖ τὸ ἐπιχειρούμενον γίγνεσθαι, μηδὲν ἀπολείπειν τῶν καλλίστων τε καὶ ἀληθεστάτων, ᾧ δὲ ἀδύνατόν τι συμβαίνει τούτων γίγνεσθαι, τοῦτο μὲν αὐτὸ ἐκκλίνειν καὶ μὴ πράττειν, ὅτι δὲ τούτου τῶν λοιπῶν ἐγγύτατά ἐστιν καὶ συγγενέστατον ἔφυ τῶν προσηκόντων πράττειν, τοῦτʼ αὐτὸ διαμηχανᾶσθαι ὅπως ἂν γίγνηται, τὸν νομοθέτην δʼ ἐᾶσαι τέλος ἐπιθεῖναι τῇ βουλήσει, γενομένου δὲ τούτου, τότʼ ἤδη κοινῇ μετʼ ἐκείνου σκοπεῖν ὅτι τε συμφέρει τῶν εἰρημένων καὶ τί πρόσαντες εἴρηται τῆς νομοθεσίας·
But indeed, in each of the things that are going to be, I think this is most just: that the one who displays the pattern of how the undertaking ought to be should omit nothing of the most beautiful and most true; and if to anyone something of these happens to be impossible to be done, he should avoid this very thing and not do it, but whatever of the remaining options is nearest to this and naturally most akin to what is fitting to do, he should contrive by all means that this very thing may come about; and he should let the legislator put the finishing touch to his design, and when this has happened, only then should he examine in common with him what of the things said is advantageous and what in the legislation has been spoken of as steep.
τὸ γὰρ ὁμολογούμενον αὐτὸ αὑτῷ δεῖ που πανταχῇ ἀπεργάζεσθαι καὶ τὸν τοῦ φαυλοτάτου δημιουργὸν ἄξιον ἐσόμενον λόγου. νῦν δὴ τοῦτʼ αὐτὸ προθυμητέον ἰδεῖν μετὰ τὴν δόξαν τῆς τῶν δώδεκα μερῶν διανομῆς, τὸ τίνα τρόπον δῆλον δὴ τὰ δώδεκα μέρη, τῶν ἐντὸς αὐτοῦ πλείστας ἔχοντα διανομάς, καὶ τὰ τούτοις συνεπόμενα καὶ ἐκ τούτων γεννώμενα, μέχρι τῶν τετταράκοντά τε καὶ πεντακισχιλίων—ὅθεν φρατρίας καὶ δήμους καὶ κώμας, καὶ πρός γε τὰς πολεμικὰς τάξεις τε καὶ ἀγωγάς, καὶ ἔτι νομίσματα καὶ μέτρα ξηρά τε καὶ ὑγρὰ καὶ σταθμά—πάντα ταῦτα ἔμμετρά τε καὶ ἀλλήλοις σύμφωνα δεῖ τόν γε νόμον τάττειν.
For even the craftsman of the most trivial thing, if he is to be worthy of mention, must surely make his work consistent with itself in every way.' Now indeed, we must eagerly strive to see this very thing after the proposal of the division into twelve parts, namely, in what way, as is clear indeed, the twelve parts, which have very many subdivisions within themselves, and the things following these and generated from them, up to the five thousand and forty— whence phratries and demes and villages, and also military ranks and trainings, and further, coins and measures dry and liquid and weights—how the law must arrange all these so as to be both proportionate and in harmony with one another.