§5.728ΑΘ. οὐδέ γε ὁπόταν χρήματά τις ἐρᾷ κτᾶσθαι μὴ καλῶς, ἢ μὴ δυσχερῶς φέρῃ κτώμενος, δώροις ἄρα τιμᾷ τότε τὴν αὑτοῦ ψυχήν—παντὸς μὲν οὖν λείπει—τὸ γὰρ αὐτῆς τίμιον ἅμα καὶ καλὸν ἀποδίδοται σμικροῦ χρυσίου· πᾶς γὰρ ὅ τʼ ἐπὶ γῆς καὶ ὑπὸ γῆς χρυσὸς ἀρετῆς οὐκ ἀντάξιος.
ATH. Nor indeed, when someone desires to acquire wealth in an unseemly way, or does not feel uneasy when acquiring it, does he then, as it seems, honor his own soul with gifts—on the contrary, he falls entirely short of it—for that which is honorable and beautiful in it is bartered away for a little gold; for all the gold upon the earth and under the earth is not equivalent in value to virtue.
ὡς δὲ εἰπεῖν συλλήβδην, ὃς ἅπερ ἂν νομοθέτης αἰσχρὰ εἶναι καὶ κακὰ διαριθμούμενος τάττῃ καὶ τοὐναντίον ἀγαθὰ καὶ καλά, τῶν μὲν ἀπέχεσθαι μὴ ἐθέλῃ πάσῃ μηχανῇ, τὰ δὲ ἐπιτηδεύειν σύμπασαν κατὰ δύναμιν, οὐκ οἶδεν ἐν τούτοις πᾶσιν πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ψυχὴν θειότατον ὂν ἀτιμότατα καὶ κακοσχημονέστατα διατιθείς.
To speak collectively, whoever—when the lawmaker enumerates and ordains certain things to be shameful and bad, and their opposites to be good and beautiful—does not wish to abstain from the former by every means, and to practice the latter with all his power, does not know that in all these things every such human being is treating his soul, which is most divine, in the most dishonorable and shameful way.
τὴν γὰρ λεγομένην δίκην τῆς κακουργίας τὴν μεγίστην οὐδεὶς ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν λογίζεται, ἔστιν δʼ ἡ μεγίστη τὸ ὁμοιοῦσθαι τοῖς οὖσιν κακοῖς ἀνδράσιν, ὁμοιούμενον δὲ τοὺς μὲν ἀγαθοὺς φεύγειν ἄνδρας καὶ λόγους καὶ ἀποσχίζεσθαι, τοῖς δὲ προσκολλᾶσθαι διώκοντα κατὰ τὰς συνουσίας· προσπεφυκότα δὲ τοῖς τοιούτοις ἀνάγκη ποιεῖν καὶ πάσχειν ἃ πεφύκασιν ἀλλήλους οἱ τοιοῦτοι ποιεῖν καὶ λέγειν.
For virtually no one takes into account what is called the greatest punishment for wrongdoing, which is to become like men who are bad; and, in becoming like them, to flee from good men and their words and to sever oneself from them, and to cleave to the bad, pursuing them in social intercourse; and, having become attached to such men, one is bound to do and to suffer what such men are by nature accustomed to do and say to one another.
τοῦτο οὖν δὴ τὸ πάθος δίκη μὲν οὐκ ἔστιν—καλὸν γὰρ τό γε δίκαιον καὶ ἡ δίκη—τιμωρία δέ, ἀδικίας ἀκόλουθος πάθη, ἧς ὅ τε τυχὼν καὶ μὴ τυγχάνων ἄθλιος, ὁ μὲν οὐκ ἰατρευόμενος, ὁ δέ, ἵνα ἕτεροι πολλοὶ σῴζωνται, ἀπολλύμενος.
This condition indeed is not 'justice'—for what is just and justice is beautiful—but 'retribution', a suffering that follows injustice, of which both he who experiences it and he who does not are wretched: the one because he is not cured, and the other because he is destroyed so that many others may be saved.
τιμὴ δʼ ἐστὶν ἡμῖν, ὡς τὸ ὅλον εἰπεῖν, τοῖς μὲν ἀμείνοσιν ἕπεσθαι, τὰ δὲ χείρονα, γενέσθαι δὲ βελτίω δυνατά, τοῦτʼ αὐτὸ ὡς ἄριστα ἀποτελεῖν.
And honor for us, to speak generally, consists in following the better things, and in bringing the inferior things—which are capable of becoming better—to this very improvement in the best possible way.
ψυχῆς οὖν ἀνθρώπῳ κτῆμα οὐκ ἔστιν εὐφυέστερον εἰς τὸ φυγεῖν μὲν τὸ κακόν, ἰχνεῦσαι δὲ καὶ ἑλεῖν τὸ πάντων ἄριστον, καὶ ἑλόντα αὖ κοινῇ συνοικεῖν τὸν ἐπίλοιπον βίον· διὸ δεύτερον ἐτάχθη τιμῇ, τὸ δὲ τρίτον—πᾶς ἂν τοῦτό γε νοήσειεν—τὴν τοῦ σώματος εἶναι κατὰ φύσιν τιμήν·
Therefore, there is no possession for a human being more naturally gifted than the soul for fleeing evil, and tracking down and capturing what is best of all, and, having captured it, dwelling together with it in common for the remainder of life; wherefore it was ranked second in honor, and third—anyone would understand this—is the honor of the body according to nature.
τὰς δʼ αὖ τιμὰς δεῖ σκοπεῖν, καὶ τούτων τίνες ἀληθεῖς καὶ ὅσαι κίβδηλοι, τοῦτο δὲ νομοθέτου.
Moreover, one must examine these honors, and which of them are true and how many are counterfeit; and this is the task of the lawmaker.
μηνύειν δή μοι φαίνεται τάσδε καὶ τοιάσδε τινὰς αὐτὰς εἶναι, τίμιον εἶναι σῶμα οὐ τὸ καλὸν οὐδὲ ἰσχυρὸν οὐδὲ τάχος ἔχον οὐδὲ μέγα, οὐδέ γε τὸ ὑγιεινόν—καίτοι πολλοῖς ἂν τοῦτό γε δοκοῖ—καὶ μὴν οὐδὲ τὰ τούτων γʼ ἐναντία, τὰ δʼ ἐν τῷ μέσῳ ἁπάσης ταύτης τῆς ἕξεως ἐφαπτόμενα σωφρονέστατα ἅμα τε ἀσφαλέστατα εἶναι μακρῷ· τὰ μὲν γὰρ χαύνους τὰς ψυχὰς καὶ θρασείας ποιεῖ, τὰ δὲ ταπεινάς τε καὶ ἀνελευθέρους.
Indeed, he seems to me to declare them to be of some such sort: that the honorable body is not the beautiful one, nor the strong, nor the swift, nor the large, nor indeed the healthy—although this at least would seem so to many—nor yet their opposites, but those things which lie in the middle and touch upon all this state are by far the most temperate and at the same time the safest; for the former make souls puffed up and bold, while the latter make them humble and servile.