§5.726ΑΘ. ἀκούοι δὴ πᾶς ὅσπερ νυνδὴ τὰ περὶ θεῶν τε ἤκουε καὶ τῶν φίλων προπατόρων· πάντων γὰρ τῶν αὑτοῦ κτημάτων μετὰ θεοὺς ψυχὴ θειότατον, οἰκειότατον ὄν.
ATH. Let everyone now listen who just now heard the matters concerning the gods and our beloved ancestors; for after the gods, of all one's own possessions, the soul is the most divine, being most truly one's own.
τὰ δʼ αὑτοῦ διττὰ πάντʼ ἐστὶ πᾶσιν.
And all things belonging to oneself are twofold for everyone.
τὰ μὲν οὖν κρείττω καὶ ἀμείνω δεσπόζοντα, τὰ δὲ ἥττω καὶ χείρω δοῦλα· τῶν οὖν αὑτοῦ τὰ δεσπόζοντα ἀεὶ προτιμητέον τῶν δουλευόντων.
Indeed, the better and stronger rule, while the lesser and worse serve; therefore, of one's own possessions, the ruling ones must always be preferred to the serving ones.
§5.727ΑΘ. οὕτω δὴ τὴν αὑτοῦ ψυχὴν μετὰ θεοὺς ὄντας δεσπότας καὶ τοὺς τούτοις ἑπομένους τιμᾶν δεῖν λέγων δευτέραν, ὀρθῶς παρακελεύομαι.
ATH. Thus, when I say that one ought to honor one's own soul second after the gods, who are our masters, and those who follow them, I am exhorting correctly.
τιμᾷ δʼ ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν ἡμῶν οὐδεὶς ὀρθῶς, δοκεῖ δέ· θεῖον γὰρ ἀγαθόν που τιμή, τῶν δὲ κακῶν οὐδὲν τίμιον, ὁ δʼ ἡγούμενος ἤ τισι λόγοις ἢ δώροις αὐτὴν αὔξειν ἤ τισιν ὑπείξεσιν, μηδὲν βελτίω δὲ ἐκ χείρονος αὐτὴν ἀπεργαζόμενος, τιμᾶν μὲν δοκεῖ, δρᾷ δὲ τοῦτο οὐδαμῶς.
But, so to speak, none of us honors it correctly, though he thinks he does; for honor is surely a divine good, and of bad things nothing is honorable, and he who thinks he increases it by certain words or gifts or certain compliances, but does not make it any better from a worse state, seems to honor it, but does this in no way.
αὐτίκα παῖς εὐθὺς γενόμενος ἄνθρωπος πᾶς ἡγεῖται πάντα ἱκανὸς εἶναι γιγνώσκειν, καὶ τιμᾶν οἴεται ἐπαινῶν τὴν αὑτοῦ ψυχήν, καὶ προθυμούμενος ἐπιτρέπει πράττειν ὅτι ἂν ἐθέλῃ, τὸ δὲ νῦν λεγόμενόν ἐστιν ὡς δρῶν ταῦτα βλάπτει καὶ οὐ τιμᾷ· δεῖ δέ, ὥς φαμεν, μετά γε θεοὺς δευτέραν.
For instance, as soon as he becomes a youth, every human being thinks he is competent to know all things, and thinks he honors his own soul by praising it, and eagerly permits it to do whatever it wishes; but what is now being said is that by doing these things he harms it and does not honor it; whereas it is necessary, as we say, to honor it second after the gods.
οὐδέ γε ὅταν ἄνθρωπος τῶν αὑτοῦ ἑκάστοτε ἁμαρτημάτων μὴ ἑαυτὸν αἴτιον ἡγῆται καὶ τῶν πλείστων κακῶν καὶ μεγίστων, ἀλλὰ ἄλλους, ἑαυτὸν δὲ ἀεὶ ἀναίτιον ἐξαιρῇ, τιμῶν τὴν αὑτοῦ ψυχήν, ὡς δὴ δοκεῖ, ὁ δὲ πολλοῦ δεῖ δρᾶν τοῦτο· βλάπτει γάρ.
Nor indeed when a human being, on each occasion of his own errors and of his most numerous and greatest evils, does not hold himself responsible, but others, and always exempts himself as guiltless, does he honor his own soul, as indeed he thinks; but he is far from doing this, for he harms it.
οὐδʼ ὁπόταν ἡδοναῖς παρὰ λόγον τὸν τοῦ νομοθέτου καὶ ἔπαινον χαρίζηται, τότε οὐδαμῶς τιμᾷ, ἀτιμάζει δὲ κακῶν καὶ μεταμελείας ἐμπιμπλὰς αὐτήν.
Nor when he indulges it with pleasures contrary to the reason and praise of the lawmaker, does he then honor it in any way, but dishonors it by filling it with evils and regret.
οὐδέ γε ὁπόταν αὖ τἀναντία τοὺς ἐπαινουμένους πόνους καὶ φόβους καὶ ἀλγηδόνας καὶ λύπας μὴ διαπονῇ καρτερῶν ἀλλὰ ὑπείκῃ, τότε οὐ τιμᾷ ὑπείκων· ἄτιμον γὰρ αὐτὴν ἀπεργάζεται δρῶν τὰ τοιαῦτα σύμπαντα.
Nor again when, on the contrary, he does not endure to the end and persist through praised labors, fears, pains, and griefs, but yields, does he then honor it by yielding; for by doing all such things he makes it dishonor.
οὐδʼ ὁπόταν ἡγῆται τὸ ζῆν πάντως ἀγαθὸν εἶναι, τιμᾷ, ἀτιμάζει δʼ αὐτὴν καὶ τότε· τὰ γὰρ ἐν Ἅιδου πράγματα πάντα κακὰ ἡγουμένης τῆς ψυχῆς εἶναι, ὑπείκει καὶ οὐκ ἀντιτείνει διδάσκων τε καὶ ἐλέγχων ὡς οὐκ οἶδεν οὐδʼ εἰ τἀναντία πέφυκεν μέγιστα εἶναι πάντων ἀγαθῶν ἡμῖν τὰ περὶ τοὺς θεοὺς τοὺς ἐκεῖ.
Nor when he thinks that living is altogether a good, does he honor it, but dishonors it then too; for while the soul thinks that all things in Hades are evil, he yields and does not resist by teaching and refuting, showing that he does not know whether the things concerning the gods there do not in fact happen to be the greatest of all goods for us.
οὐδὲ μὴν πρὸ ἀρετῆς ὁπόταν αὖ προτιμᾷ τις κάλλος, τοῦτʼ ἔστιν οὐχ ἕτερον ἢ ἡ τῆς ψυχῆς ὄντως καὶ πάντως ἀτιμία.
Nor indeed, when someone prefers beauty before virtue, is this anything other than the real and utter dishonor of the soul.
ψυχῆς γὰρ σῶμα ἐντιμότερον οὗτος ὁ λόγος φησὶν εἶναι, ψευδόμενος· οὐδὲν γὰρ γηγενὲς Ὀλυμπίων ἐντιμότερον, ἀλλʼ ὁ περὶ ψυχῆς ἄλλως δοξάζων ἀγνοεῖ ὡς θαυμαστοῦ τούτου κτήματος ἀμελεῖ.
For this argument says that the body is more honorable than the soul, lying; for nothing born of earth is more honorable than the Olympians, and he who believes otherwise about the soul is ignorant that he neglects this wondrous possession.