§11.925ΑΘ. ὡσαύτως δὲ τὸ γένος ἀεὶ πορευέσθω κατʼ ἀγχιστείαν, ἐάν τις παῖδας θηλείας καταλείπῃ, διʼ ἀδελφῶν τε καὶ ἀδελφιδῶν ἐπανιόν, ἔμπροσθε μὲν τῶν ἀρρένων, ὕστερον δὲ θηλειῶν ἑνὶ γένει.
ATH. In the same way, let the family always proceed according to kinship, if anyone leaves female children, going back through brothers and brothers' children, first of the males, and later of females, in a single class of relations.
τὴν δὲ τούτων γάμου χρόνου συμμετρίαν τε καὶ ἀμετρίαν ὁ δικαστὴς σκοπῶν κρινέτω, γυμνοὺς μὲν τοὺς ἄρρενας, γυμνὰς δὲ ὀμφαλοῦ μέχρι θεώμενος τὰς θηλείας·
And let the judge, looking at the suitability and unsuitability of their age for marriage, decide, viewing the males naked, and the females naked as far as the navel.
ἐὰν δὲ τοῖς οἰκείοις ἀπορία συγγενῶν ᾖ μέχρι μὲν ἀδελφοῦ ὑιδῶν, μέχρι δὲ πάππου παίδων ὡσαύτως, τῶν ἄλλων ὅντινʼ ἂν ἡ παῖς μετʼ ἐπιτρόπων αἱρῆται τῶν πολιτῶν ἑκούσιον ἑκουσία, κληρονόμος γιγνέσθω τοῦ τελευτήσαντος καὶ τῆς θυγατρὸς νυμφίος.
And if there is a lack of relatives for the family, as far as brothers' grandsons, and likewise as far as grandfather's children, whomever of the other citizens the girl, with her guardians, chooses voluntarily, she being voluntary, let him become the heir of the deceased and the bridegroom of the daughter.
ἔτι δὲ πολλὰ πολλῶν καὶ πλείων ἀπορία τῶν τοιούτων γίγνοιτʼ ἂν ἔστιν ὅτʼ ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ πόλει· ἂν οὖν δή τις ἀπορουμένη τῶν αὐτόθεν ὁρᾷ τινα εἰς ἀποικίαν ἀπεσταλμένον, ᾖ δὲ κατὰ νοῦν αὐτῇ κληρονόμον ἐκεῖνον γίγνεσθαι τῶν τοῦ πατρός, ἐὰν μὲν συγγενὴς ᾖ, κατὰ τὴν τάξιν τοῦ νόμου ἐπὶ τὸν κλῆρον πορευέσθω, ἐὰν δὲ ἐκτὸς γένους, τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει ὄντων ἔξω τῆς συγγενείας, κύριος ἔστω κατὰ τὴν τῶν ἐπιτρόπων καὶ τῆς παιδὸς τοῦ τελευτήσαντος αἵρεσιν γῆμαι καὶ τὸν κλῆρον ἐπανελθὼν οἴκαδε λαβεῖν τοῦ μὴ διαθεμένου.
And still many and greater shortages of such persons might sometimes happen in the city itself; if, therefore, any girl being in lack of local relatives sees someone who has been sent away to a colony, and it is to her mind that he should become the heir of her father's estate, if indeed he is a relative, let him proceed to the allotment according to the order of the law; but if he is outside the family, of those in the city who are outside the kinship, let him be authorized according to the choice of the guardians and of the child of the deceased to marry her and, having returned home, to receive the allotment of the one who made no testament.
ἄπαις δὲ ἀρρένων τε καὶ θηλειῶν τὸ παράπαν ὃς ἂν μὴ διαθέμενος τελευτᾷ, τὰ μὲν ἄλλα περὶ τοῦ τοιούτου κατὰ τὸν ἔμπροσθεν ἐχέτω νόμον, θήλεια δὲ καὶ ἄρρην οἷον σύννομοι ἴτωσαν ἐκ τοῦ γένους εἰς τὸν ἐξηρημωμένον ἑκάστοτε οἶκον, ὧν ὁ κλῆρος γιγνέσθω κυρίως, ἀδελφὴ μὲν πρῶτον, ἀδελφοῦ δὲ θυγάτηρ δευτέρα, τρίτη δὲ ἔκγονος ἀδελφῆς, τετάρτη δὲ πατρὸς ἀδελφή, καὶ πέμπτη πατρὸς ἀδελφοῦ παῖς, ἕκτη δὲ ἀδελφῆς πατρὸς ἂν εἴη παῖς· συνοικίζειν δὲ ταύτας ἐκείνοις κατʼ ἀγχιστείαν καὶ θέμιν, ὡς ἔμπροσθεν ἐνομοθετήσαμεν.
And whoever dies having made no testament, being altogether childless of both males and females, let other matters concerning such a person be according to the former law, but let a female and a male, as if partners, go from the family into the house that is made desolate on each occasion, and of these let the allotment legally belong, first to a sister, second to a brother's daughter, third to a sister's daughter, fourth to a father's sister, fifth to a father's brother's daughter, and sixth to a father's sister's daughter; and let them cohabit with those men according to kinship and right, as we legislated before.
μὴ δὴ λανθανέτω τὸ τῶν τοιούτων νόμων ἡμᾶς βάρος, ὡς χαλεπῶς ἔστιν ὅτε προστάττει τῷ τοῦ τελευτήσαντος κατὰ γένος οἰκείῳ γαμεῖν τὴν συγγενῆ, μὴ δοκεῖ δὲ σκοπεῖν ἃ μυρία ἐν ἀνθρώποις ἐμπόδια γίγνεται τοῖς τοιούτοις ἐπιτάγμασιν τοῦ μήτινα ἐθέλειν πείθεσθαι, πρότερον δὲ οὕστινας ὁτιοῦν ἂν βουληθῆναι παθεῖν, ὁπόταν ἢ σωμάτων νοσήματα καὶ πηρώσεις ἢ διανοίας ἔν τισιν τῶν ἐπιταττομένων γαμεῖν ἢ γαμεῖσθαι γίγνηται.
Let not indeed the weight of such laws escape us, how harshly it sometimes commands the relative by birth of the deceased to marry his kinswoman, and how it seems not to consider the myriad obstacles that arise among human beings to such commands, so that no one wishes to obey, but would rather suffer anything whatsoever, whenever bodily diseases and maimings, or defects of mind occur in some of those commanded to marry or be married.
τούτων δὴ μηδὲν φροντίζειν τάχʼ ἂν ὁ νομοθέτης δόξειέν τισιν, οὐκ ὀρθῶς δοκοῦν.
Indeed, to care nothing for these might seem to some to be the part of the lawmaker, but they do not think rightly.
§11.926ΑΘ. ἔστω τοίνυν εἰρημένον ὑπέρ τε νομοθέτου καὶ ὑπὲρ νομοθετουμένου σχεδὸν οἷον κοινὸν προοίμιον, συγγνώμην μὲν τῷ νομοθέτῃ τοὺς ἐπιταττομένους δεόμενον ἔχειν, ὅτι τῶν κοινῶν ἐπιμελούμενος οὐκ ἄν ποτε δύναιτο διοικεῖν ἅμα καὶ τὰς ἰδίας ἑκάστῳ γιγνομένας συμφοράς, συγγνώμην δʼ αὖ καὶ τοῖς νομοθετουμένοις, ὡς τὰ τοῦ νομοθετοῦντος εἰκότως ἐνίοτε οὐ δύνανται προστάγματα τελεῖν, ἃ μὴ γιγνώσκων προστάττει.
ATH. Therefore, let there be spoken on behalf of both the lawmaker and the one for whom laws are made a sort of common preamble, asking those who are commanded to have indulgence for the lawmaker, because in caring for public affairs he could never manage at the same time the private misfortunes that happen to each individual; and again, indulgence for those for whom laws are made, since they are sometimes naturally unable to perform the commands of the lawmaker, which he commands without knowing.
ΚΛ. τί δή τις οὖν, ὦ ξένε, δρῶν πρὸς τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐμμετρότατος ἂν εἴη;
CLE. What then, O stranger, should one do in such cases to be most moderate?
ΑΘ. διαιτητάς, ὦ Κλεινία, τοῖς τοιούτοις νόμοις καὶ νομοθετουμένοις ἀναγκαῖον αἱρεῖσθαι.
ATH. It is necessary, O Cleinias, to choose arbitrators for such laws and for those for whom they are made.
ΚΛ. πῶς λέγεις;
CLE. How do you mean?
ΑΘ. ἔστιν ὅτε πλουσίου πατρὸς ἀδελφιδοῦς τὴν τοῦ θείου θυγατέρα ἑκὼν οὐκ ἂν ἐθέλοι λαμβάνειν, τρυφῶν καὶ ἐπὶ μείζοσι γάμοις τὴν διάνοιαν ἐπέχων·
ATH.
ἔστιν δʼ ὅτε καὶ συμφορὰν τὴν μεγίστην τοῦ νομοθέτου προστάττοντος, ἀπειθεῖν ἀναγκάζοιτʼ ἂν τῷ νόμῳ, μαινόμενα κηδεύματα ἀναγκάζοντος λαμβάνειν ἢ δεινὰς ἄλλας σωμάτων ἢ ψυχῶν συμφοράς, ἃς ἀβίωτον ζῆν κεκτημένῳ. ὁ δὴ νῦν λόγος ἡμῖν περὶ τούτων ὅδε νόμος κείσθω·
Sometimes a nephew of a rich father would not willingly wish to take the daughter of his uncle, being luxurious and having his mind set on greater marriages; and sometimes also, when the lawmaker commands, he might be forced to disobey the law, which would be the greatest misfortune, forcing him to take insane connections or other terrible misfortunes of body or soul, which make life unlivable for him who possesses them.
ἐάν τινες ἄρα περὶ διαθήκης ἐγκαλῶσι τοῖς κειμένοις νόμοις, περί τε ἄλλων ὡντινωνοῦν καὶ δὴ καὶ περὶ γάμων, ἦ μὴν παρόντα καὶ ζῶντα αὐτὸν τὸν νομοθέτην μήποτʼ ἂν ἀναγκάσαι πράττειν οὕτω, μηδὲ γῆμαι μηδὲ γήμασθαι, τοὺς νῦν ἀναγκαζομένους ἑκάτερα δρᾶν, ὁ δέ τις τῶν οἰκείων ἤ τις ἐπίτροπος φῇ, διαιτητὰς φάναι καὶ πατέρας τοὺς πεντεκαίδεκα τῶν νομοφυλάκων καταλιπεῖν τοῖς ὀρφανοῖς καὶ ὀρφαναῖς τὸν νομοθέτην· πρὸς οὓς ἐπανιόντες διαδικαζέσθων οἱ περί τινος τῶν τοιούτων ἀμφισβητοῦντες, κύρια τελοῦντες τὰ τούτων δόγματα.
Therefore, let this law be established concerning these matters: If anyone indeed, concerning a testament or any other matters whatsoever, and especially concerning marriages, complains against the established laws, asserting that indeed the lawmaker himself, if present and alive, would never have forced those who are now forced to do either of these things, either to marry or to be married, and if some relative or some guardian says so, let it be said that the lawmaker has left the fifteen of the lawguards as arbitrators and fathers for the orphans, both male and female; to whom returning, let those who dispute about any of such matters contest their case, carrying out their decisions as valid.
ἂν δέ τῳ μείζων δύναμις ἐπανατίθεσθαι δοκῇ τοῖς νομοφύλαξιν, εἰς τὸ τῶν ἐκκρίτων δικαστῶν δικαστήριον εἰσάγων αὐτοὺς διαδικαζέσθω περὶ τῶν ἀμφισβητουμένων· τῷ δὲ ἡττηθέντι παρὰ τοῦ νομοθέτου ψόγος καὶ ὄνειδος κείσθω, πολλῶν χρημάτων νοῦν κεκτημένῳ ζημία βαρυτέρα.
But if to anyone a greater power seems to be entrusted to the lawguards, let him contest the disputed matters by bringing them into the court of select judges; and let censure and reproach from the lawmaker be laid upon the defeated party, which is a heavier penalty than much money to a man who possesses mind.
νῦν δὴ τοῖς ὀρφανοῖς παισὶ γένεσις οἷον δευτέρα τις γίγνοιτʼ ἄν.
Now indeed, for the orphan children, a sort of second birth would happen.
μετὰ μὲν οὖν τὴν πρώτην ἑκάστοις εἴρηνται τροφαὶ καὶ παιδεύσεις· μετὰ δὲ τὴν δευτέραν, ἔρημον πατέρων γενομένην, μηχανᾶσθαι δεῖ τίνα τρόπον ἡ τῆς ὀρφανίας τύχη τοῖς γενομένοις ὀρφανοῖς ὡς ἥκιστα ἔλεον ἕξει τῆς συμφορᾶς.
After the first birth, the nurture and education for each have been spoken of; but after the second, which is left desolate of fathers, we must devise in what way the fortune of orphanage will have the least pity for their misfortune.
πρῶτον μὲν δή φαμεν νομοθετεῖν αὐτοῖς τοὺς νομοφύλακας ἀντὶ γεννητόρων πατέρας οὐ χείρους, καὶ δὴ καὶ καθʼ ἕκαστον ἐνιαυτὸν ὡς οἰκείων ἐπιμελεῖσθαι προστάττομεν, ἐμμελῆ τούτοις τε αὐτοῖς περὶ τροφῆς ὀρφανῶν προοιμιασάμενοι καὶ τοῖς ἐπιτρόποις.
First indeed, we say that the lawguards legislate for them as fathers not worse than natural parents, and indeed we command them to care for them each year as their own, having made a fitting preamble concerning the nurture of orphans to these very men and to the guardians.