§10.907ΚΛ. εὐφήμει·
**CL.**: "Hush!
πῶς γὰρ ἄν; ΑΘ. ἀλλʼ οὐ πάντων φυλάκων εἰσὶ μέγιστοι καὶ περὶ τὰ μέγιστα ἡμῖν οἱ πάντες θεοί; ΚΛ. πολύ γε. ΑΘ. τοὺς δὴ κάλλιστά τε πράγματα φυλάττοντας, διαφέροντάς τε αὐτοὺς φυλακῇ πρὸς ἀρετήν, κυνῶν χείρους καὶ ἀνθρώπων μέσων εἶναι φήσομεν, οἳ τὸ δίκαιον οὐκ ἄν ποτε προδοῖεν ἕνεκα δώρων παρὰ ἀδίκων ἀνδρῶν ἀνοσίως διδομένων; ΚΛ. οὐδαμῶς· οὔτε ἀνεκτὸς λόγων, τῶν τε περὶ πᾶσαν ἀσέβειαν ὄντων κινδυνεύει πᾶς ὁ ταύτης τῆς δόξης ἀντεχόμενος πάντων ἂν τῶν ἀσεβῶν κεκρίσθαι δικαιότατα κάκιστός τε εἶναι καὶ ἀσεβέστατος.
For how could they?" **ATH.**: "But are not all the gods, for us, the greatest of all guardians and concerned with the greatest things?" **CL.**: "By far, indeed." **ATH.**: "Shall we then say that those who guard the fairest things, and who themselves excel in guardianship toward virtue, are worse than dogs and average men, who would never betray justice for the sake of gifts impiously given by unjust men?" **CL.**: "By no means; nor is the argument tolerable, and anyone who clings to this opinion runs the risk of being judged, most justly of all the impious, to be the worst and most impious." **ATH.**: "May we then say that the three propositions set before us—that the gods exist, that they are caring, and that they are absolutely impossible to be appeased contrary to justice—have been sufficiently demonstrated?" **CL.**: "For how not?
ΑΘ. τὰ μὲν δὴ προτεθέντα τρία, θεοί τε ὡς εἰσίν, καὶ ὡς ἐπιμελεῖς, καὶ παρὰ τὸ δίκαιον ὡς παντάπασιν ἀπαραίτητοι, φῶμεν ἱκανῶς ἀποδεδεῖχθαί που; ΚΛ. πῶς γὰρ οὔ; καὶ σύμψηφοί γε τούτοις τοῖς λόγοις ἐσμέν. ΑΘ. καὶ μὴν εἴρηνταί γέ πως σφοδρότερον διὰ φιλονικίαν τῶν κακῶν ἀνθρώπων· τούτου γε μὴν ἕνεκα, ὦ φίλε Κλεινία, πεφιλονίκηνται, μή ποτε λόγοις ἡγῶνται κρατοῦντες ἐξουσίαν εἶναι σφίσιν ἃ βούλονται πράττειν οἱ κακοί, ἃ δὴ καὶ ὅσα καὶ οἷα περὶ θεοὺς διανοοῦνται.
And we are indeed in agreement with these arguments." **ATH.**: "And yet they have been spoken somewhat more vehemently out of rivalry with wicked men; for this reason indeed, my dear Cleinias, has there been this rivalry, lest the wicked should think that by prevailing in arguments they have the freedom to do what they wish—namely, those things, as many and of what kind, which they devise concerning the gods.
προθυμία μὲν δὴ διὰ ταῦτα νεωτέρως εἰπεῖν ἡμῖν γέγονεν·
On this account, we have felt an eager desire to speak in a newer way.
εἰ δέ τι καὶ βραχὺ προὔργου πεποιήκαμεν εἰς τὸ πείθειν πῃ τοὺς ἄνδρας ἑαυτοὺς μὲν μισῆσαι, τὰ δʼ ἐναντία πως ἤθη στέρξαι, καλῶς ἡμῖν εἰρημένον ἂν εἴη τὸ προοίμιον ἀσεβείας πέρι νόμων. ΚΛ. ἀλλὰ ἐλπίς· εἰ δὲ μή, τό γε τοῦ λόγου γένος οὐκ αἰτιάσεται τὸν νομοθέτην. ΑΘ. μετὰ τὸ προοίμιον τοίνυν λόγος οἷος ἂν τῶν νόμων ἑρμηνεὺς ὀρθῶς γίγνοιτο ἡμῖν, προαγορεύων ἐξίστασθαι πᾶσι τοῖς ἀσεβέσι τρόπων τῶν αὑτῶν εἰς τοὺς εὐσεβεῖς.
And if we have achieved even some small advantage toward persuading the men in some way to hate themselves and to cherish the opposite characters, then our prelude concerning laws about impiety will have been beautifully spoken by us." **CL.**: "But there is hope; and if not, at least the character of the argument will not blame the legislator." **ATH.**: "After the prelude, then, should follow a statement which would rightly become the interpreter of our laws, warning all the impious to depart from their own ways to those of the pious.
τοῖς δὲ μὴ πειθομένοις ἀσεβείας ὅδε ἔστω πέρι νόμος· ἐάν τις ἀσεβῇ λόγοις εἴτʼ ἔργοις, ὁ παρατυγχάνων ἀμυνέτω σημαίνων πρὸς ἄρχοντας, τῶν δὲ ἀρχόντων οἱ πρῶτοι πυθόμενοι πρὸς τὸ περὶ τούτων ἀποδεδειγμένον κρίνειν δικαστήριον εἰσαγαγόντων κατὰ τοὺς νόμους·
And for those who do not obey, let this be the law concerning impiety: if anyone is impious in word or in deed, let anyone who happens to be present defend the law by reporting it to the magistrates, and let the first of the magistrates who learn of it bring them before the court appointed for these matters, in accordance with the laws.
ἐὰν δέ τις ἀκούσασα ἀρχὴ μὴ δρᾷ ταῦτα, αὐτὴ ἀσεβείας ὑπόδικος γιγνέσθω τῷ ἐθέλοντι τιμωρεῖν ὑπὲρ τῶν νόμων.
And if any magistrate, having heard, fails to do this, let him himself be liable to a charge of impiety by anyone who wishes to avenge the laws.
ἐὰν δέ τις ὄφλῃ, τιμάτω τὸ δικαστήριον ἓν ἑκάστῳ τῶν καθʼ ἓν ἀσεβούντων τίμημα. §10.908ΑΘ. δεσμὸς μὲν οὖν ὑπαρχέτω πᾶσιν·
And if anyone is convicted, let the court assess for each of the offenders a single penalty appropriate to each individual act of impiety." **ATH.**: "Let imprisonment, then, be imposed on all.
δεσμωτηρίων δὲ ὄντων ἐν τῇ πόλει τριῶν, ἑνὸς μὲν κοινοῦ τοῖς πλείστοις περὶ ἀγοράν, σωτηρίας ἕνεκα τοῖς πολλοῖς τῶν σωμάτων, ἑνὸς δὲ περὶ τὸν τῶν νύκτωρ συλλεγομένων σύλλογον, σωφρονιστήριον ἐπονομαζόμενον, ἑνὸς δὲ αὖ κατὰ μέσην τὴν χώραν, ὅπῃπερ ἂν ἔρημός τε καὶ ὡς ὅτι μάλιστα ἀγριώτατος ᾖ τόπος, τιμωρίας ἔχων ἐπωνυμίαν φήμην τινά·
Since there are three prisons in the city—one public near the market-place, common to most for the safety of the bodies of the many; one near the assembly of those who meet by night, called 'the reformatory'; and one in the middle of the country, wherever the place is most desolate and as wild as possible, having some name denoting punishment.
περὶ ἀσέβειαν δὲ ὄντων αἰτίαις μὲν τρισίν, αἷσπερ καὶ διήλθομεν, δύο δὲ ἐξ ἑκάστης τῆς τοιαύτης αἰτίας γενομένων, ἓξ ἂν γίγνοιντο ἃ καὶ διακρίσεως ἄξια γένη τῶν περὶ τὰ θεῖα ἐξαμαρτανόντων, οὐκ ἴσης οὐδʼ ὁμοίας δίκης δεόμενα.
And since there are three charges concerning impiety, as we have detailed, and two types arise from each such charge, there would be six classes of those who commit errors against things divine that are worthy of distinction, not needing equal or similar punishment.
ᾧ γὰρ ἂν μὴ νομίζοντι θεοὺς εἶναι τὸ παράπαν ἦθος φύσει προσγένηται δίκαιον, μισοῦντές τε γίγνονται τοὺς κακούς, καὶ τῷ δυσχεραίνειν τὴν ἀδικίαν οὔτε τὰς τοιαύτας πράξεις προσίενται πράττειν, τούς τε μὴ δικαίους τῶν ἀνθρώπων φεύγουσι καὶ τοὺς δικαίους στέργουσιν·
For to whomsoever, while not believing that gods exist at all, a naturally just character is added, they become haters of the wicked, and by disliking injustice, they do not accept to perform such deeds, and they flee from unjust men and cherish the just.
οἷς δʼ ἂν πρὸς τῇ δόξῃ τῇ θεῶν ἔρημα εἶναι πάντα ἀκράτειαί τε ἡδονῶν καὶ λυπῶν προσπέσωσι, μνῆμαί τε ἰσχυραὶ καὶ μαθήσεις ὀξεῖαι παρῶσι, τὸ μὲν μὴ νομίζειν θεοὺς ἀμφοῖν ἂν ἐνυπάρχοι κοινὸν πάθος, τῇ δὲ τῶν ἄλλων ἀνθρώπων λώβῃ τὸ μὲν ἐλάττω, τὸ δὲ πλείω κακὰ ἐργάζοιτʼ ἄν.
But to those who, in addition to the opinion that all things are empty of gods, are beset by lack of self-control in pleasures and pains, and possess strong memories and sharp intellects, the belief that there are no gods is a common affliction in both, but in terms of the harm done to other men, the one would work fewer evils, and the other more.
ὁ μὲν γὰρ λόγῳ τε ἂν περὶ θεοὺς παρρησίας εἴη μεστὸς καὶ περὶ θυσίας τε καὶ ὅρκους, καὶ ὡς τῶν ἄλλων καταγελῶν τάχʼ ἂν ἑτέρους τοιούτους ἀπεργάζοιτο, δίκης μὴ τυγχάνων·
For the one would be full of frankness of speech about the gods, and concerning sacrifices and oaths, and by laughing at others, he might soon make others like himself, if he does not meet with justice.
ὁ δὲ δὴ δοξάζων μὲν καθάπερ ἅτερος, εὐφυὴς δὲ ἐπικαλούμενος, δόλου δὲ καὶ ἐνέδρας πλήρης, ἐξ ὧν μάντεις τε κατασκευάζονται πολλοὶ καὶ περὶ πᾶσαν τὴν μαγγανείαν κεκινημένοι, γίγνονται δὲ ἐξ αὐτῶν ἔστιν ὅτε καὶ τύραννοι καὶ δημηγόροι καὶ στρατηγοί, καὶ τελεταῖς δὲ ἰδίαις ἐπιβεβουλευκότες, σοφιστῶν τε ἐπικαλουμένων μηχαναί.
But the other, holding the same opinion as the former, yet called 'highly gifted,' is full of guile and plotting, from whom are produced many diviners and those excited about all kinds of sorcery, and from them sometimes arise tyrants, demagogues, and generals, and those plotting with private rites, and the schemes of the so-called sophists.
τούτων δὴ πολλὰ μὲν εἴδη γένοιτʼ ἄν, τὰ δὲ νόμων ἄξια θέσεως δύο, ὧν τὸ μὲν εἰρωνικὸν οὐχ ἑνὸς οὐδὲ δυοῖν ἄξια θανάτοιν ἁμαρτάνον, τὸ δὲ νουθετήσεως ἅμα καὶ δεσμῶν δεόμενον.
Of these there would indeed be many forms, but those worthy of the establishment of laws are two: the ironical kind, committing errors worthy of not one or two deaths, and the other needing both admonition and imprisonment."