§86ΤΙ. πλείων δʼ ἐπιρρέουσα, τῇ παρʼ αὐτῆς θερμότητι κρατήσασα τὰς ἶνας εἰς ἀταξίαν ζέσασα διέσεισεν· καὶ ἐὰν μὲν ἱκανὴ διὰ τέλους κρατῆσαι γένηται, πρὸς τὸ τοῦ μυελοῦ διαπεράσασα γένος κάουσα ἔλυσεν τὰ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτόθεν οἷον νεὼς πείσματα μεθῆκέν τε ἐλευθέραν, ὅταν δʼ ἐλάττων ᾖ τό τε σῶμα ἀντίσχῃ τηκόμενον, αὐτὴ κρατηθεῖσα ἢ κατὰ πᾶν τὸ σῶμα ἐξέπεσεν, ἢ διὰ τῶν φλεβῶν εἰς τὴν κάτω συνωσθεῖσα ἢ τὴν ἄνω κοιλίαν, οἷον φυγὰς ἐκ πόλεως στασιασάσης ἐκ τοῦ σώματος ἐκπίπτουσα, διαρροίας καὶ δυσεντερίας καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα νοσήματα πάντα παρέσχετο.
TI. But if it flows in more abundantly, overcoming the fibers by its own heat and shaking them by boiling them into disorder; and if it becomes sufficient to retain its mastery to the end, penetrating to the race of the marrow and burning it, it unties from there the moorings of the soul, like those of a ship, and lets her go free. But when it is less, and the body, though melting, resists, it is itself overcome and either is cast out throughout the whole body, or, being forced through the veins into the lower or the upper belly, like a fugitive from a city in mutiny, escaping from the body, it produces diarrheas, dysenteries, and all such diseases.
τὸ μὲν οὖν ἐκ πυρὸς ὑπερβολῆς μάλιστα νοσῆσαν σῶμα συνεχῆ καύματα καὶ πυρετοὺς ἀπεργάζεται, τὸ δʼ ἐξ ἀέρος ἀμφημερινούς, τριταίους δʼ ὕδατος διὰ τὸ νωθέστερον ἀέρος καὶ πυρὸς αὐτὸ εἶναι· τὸ δὲ γῆς, τετάρτως ὂν νωθέστατον τούτων, ἐν τετραπλασίαις περιόδοις χρόνου καθαιρόμενον, τεταρταίους πυρετοὺς ποιῆσαν ἀπαλλάττεται μόλις.
Now, the body that is diseased chiefly from an excess of fire produces continuous heat and fevers; that from air, quotidian fevers; that from water, tertian fevers, because water is more sluggish than air and fire; while that from earth, which is the fourth and most sluggish of these, being purified in fourfold periods of time, produces quartan fevers and is with difficulty rid of.
καὶ τὰ μὲν περὶ τὸ σῶμα νοσήματα ταύτῃ συμβαίνει γιγνόμενα, τὰ δὲ περὶ ψυχὴν διὰ σώματος ἕξιν τῇδε.
And the diseases concerning the body happen to arise in this way, but those concerning the soul owing to the condition of the body in the following way.
νόσον μὲν δὴ ψυχῆς ἄνοιαν συγχωρητέον, δύο δʼ ἀνοίας γένη, τὸ μὲν μανίαν, τὸ δὲ ἀμαθίαν.
Indeed, we must agree that the disease of the soul is folly, and that there are two kinds of folly, the one madness and the other ignorance.
πᾶν οὖν ὅτι πάσχων τις πάθος ὁπότερον αὐτῶν ἴσχει, νόσον προσρητέον, ἡδονὰς δὲ καὶ λύπας ὑπερβαλλούσας τῶν νόσων μεγίστας θετέον τῇ ψυχῇ·
Therefore, whatever affection a man suffers that causes him to have either of these, we must call it a disease, and we must posit that excessive pleasures and pains are the greatest of diseases for the soul.
περιχαρὴς γὰρ ἄνθρωπος ὢν ἢ καὶ τἀναντία ὑπὸ λύπης πάσχων, σπεύδων τὸ μὲν ἑλεῖν ἀκαίρως, τὸ δὲ φυγεῖν, οὔθʼ ὁρᾶν οὔτε ἀκούειν ὀρθὸν οὐδὲν δύναται, λυττᾷ δὲ καὶ λογισμοῦ μετασχεῖν ἥκιστα τότε δὴ δυνατός.
For when a man is overjoyed, or on the contrary suffering from pain, hastening to seize the one unseasonably and to avoid the other, he is unable either to see or to hear anything aright, but is in a frenzy and is at that moment least of all capable of participating in reason.
τὸ δὲ σπέρμα ὅτῳ πολὺ καὶ ῥυῶδες περὶ τὸν μυελὸν γίγνεται καὶ καθαπερεὶ δένδρον πολυκαρπότερον τοῦ συμμέτρου πεφυκὸς ᾖ, πολλὰς μὲν καθʼ ἕκαστον ὠδῖνας, πολλὰς δʼ ἡδονὰς κτώμενος ἐν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ τοῖς περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα τόκοις, ἐμμανὴς τὸ πλεῖστον γιγνόμενος τοῦ βίου διὰ τὰς μεγίστας ἡδονὰς καὶ λύπας, νοσοῦσαν καὶ ἄφρονα ἴσχων ὑπὸ τοῦ σώματος τὴν ψυχήν, οὐχ ὡς νοσῶν ἀλλʼ ὡς ἑκὼν κακὸς δοξάζεται·
And as for the man in whom the seed about the marrow becomes abundant and fluid, and who is like a tree naturally more fruitful than is symmetrical, acquiring many pains on each occasion and many pleasures in his desires and in the offspring concerning such things, and being for the most part of his life in madness because of the greatest pleasures and pains, having his soul diseased and foolish owing to his body, he is thought to be not diseased but voluntarily evil.
τὸ δὲ ἀληθὲς ἡ περὶ τὰ ἀφροδίσια ἀκολασία κατὰ τὸ πολὺ μέρος διὰ τὴν ἑνὸς γένους ἕξιν ὑπὸ μανότητος ὀστῶν ἐν σώματι ῥυώδη καὶ ὑγραίνουσαν νόσος ψυχῆς γέγονεν.
But the truth is that incontinence in sexual pleasures has become, for the most part, a disease of the soul, due to the condition of a single class of substance which, because of the porosity of the bones, is fluid and makes the body wet.
καὶ σχεδὸν δὴ πάντα ὁπόσα ἡδονῶν ἀκράτεια καὶ ὄνειδος ὡς ἑκόντων λέγεται τῶν κακῶν, οὐκ ὀρθῶς ὀνειδίζεται·
And indeed, almost all those things said about incontinence in pleasures and the reproach against them as though men were voluntarily evil, are not rightly reproached.
κακὸς μὲν γὰρ ἑκὼν οὐδείς, διὰ δὲ πονηρὰν ἕξιν τινὰ τοῦ σώματος καὶ ἀπαίδευτον τροφὴν ὁ κακὸς γίγνεται κακός, παντὶ δὲ ταῦτα ἐχθρὰ καὶ ἄκοντι προσγίγνεται.
For no one is voluntarily evil, but the evil man becomes evil because of some bad condition of the body and an uneducated rearing; and to everyone these things are hostile and happen against his will.
καὶ πάλιν δὴ τὸ περὶ τὰς λύπας ἡ ψυχὴ κατὰ ταὐτὰ διὰ σῶμα πολλὴν ἴσχει κακίαν.
And again, as regards pains, the soul in the same way, because of the body, acquires much evil.