§73ΤΙ. τὴν ἐσομένην ἐν ἡμῖν ποτῶν καὶ ἐδεστῶν ἀκολασίαν ᾔδεσαν οἱ συντιθέντες ἡμῶν τὸ γένος, καὶ ὅτι τοῦ μετρίου καὶ ἀναγκαίου διὰ μαργότητα πολλῷ χρησοίμεθα πλέονι·
TI. Our makers knew that we would be excessive in drinks and food, and that we would consume far more than what is moderate and necessary because of gluttony.
ἵνʼ οὖν μὴ φθορὰ διὰ νόσους ὀξεῖα γίγνοιτο καὶ ἀτελὲς τὸ γένος εὐθὺς τὸ θνητὸν τελευτῷ, ταῦτα προορώμενοι τῇ τοῦ περιγενησομένου πώματος ἐδέσματός τε ἕξει τὴν ὀνομαζομένην κάτω κοιλίαν ὑποδοχὴν ἔθεσαν, εἵλιξάν τε πέριξ τὴν τῶν ἐντέρων γένεσιν, ὅπως μὴ ταχὺ διεκπερῶσα ἡ τροφὴ ταχὺ πάλιν τροφῆς ἑτέρας δεῖσθαι τὸ σῶμα ἀναγκάζοι, καὶ παρέχουσα ἀπληστίαν, διὰ γαστριμαργίαν ἀφιλόσοφον καὶ ἄμουσον πᾶν ἀποτελοῖ τὸ γένος, ἀνυπήκοον τοῦ θειοτάτου τῶν παρʼ ἡμῖν.
Therefore, in order that swift destruction through diseases might not occur, and that the mortal race might not immediately reach an incomplete end, foresightedly, they established the lower belly, as it is called, as a receptacle for the excess of food and drink. They wound the coil of the intestines around it so that food, by not passing through too quickly, would not compel the body to need other food again quickly, producing insatiability and rendering the whole race, through unphilosophical and unmusical gluttony, completely disobedient to the most divine part among us.
τὸ δὲ ὀστῶν καὶ σαρκῶν καὶ τῆς τοιαύτης φύσεως πέρι πάσης ὧδε ἔσχεν.
Regarding bones, flesh, and all such nature, the matter stood thus.
τούτοις σύμπασιν ἀρχὴ μὲν ἡ τοῦ μυελοῦ γένεσις·
The origin of all these is the generation of the marrow.
οἱ γὰρ τοῦ βίου δεσμοί, τῆς ψυχῆς τῷ σώματι συνδουμένης, ἐν τούτῳ διαδούμενοι κατερρίζουν τὸ θνητὸν γένος·
For the bonds of life, since the soul is bound together with the body, being fastened in this, root the mortal race.
αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ μυελὸς γέγονεν ἐξ ἄλλων.
But the marrow itself was made from other things.
τῶν γὰρ τριγώνων ὅσα πρῶτα ἀστραβῆ καὶ λεῖα ὄντα πῦρ τε καὶ ὕδωρ καὶ ἀέρα καὶ γῆν διʼ ἀκριβείας μάλιστα ἦν παρασχεῖν δυνατά, ταῦτα ὁ θεὸς ἀπὸ τῶν ἑαυτῶν ἕκαστα γενῶν χωρὶς ἀποκρίνων, μειγνὺς δὲ ἀλλήλοις σύμμετρα, πανσπερμίαν παντὶ θνητῷ γένει μηχανώμενος, τὸν μυελὸν ἐξ αὐτῶν ἀπηργάσατο, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα δὴ φυτεύων ἐν αὐτῷ κατέδει τὰ τῶν ψυχῶν γένη, σχημάτων τε ὅσα ἔμελλεν αὖ σχήσειν οἷά τε καθʼ ἕκαστα εἴδη, τὸν μυελὸν αὐτὸν τοσαῦτα καὶ τοιαῦτα διῃρεῖτο σχήματα εὐθὺς ἐν τῇ διανομῇ τῇ κατʼ ἀρχάς.
For of the triangles, whichever were first, being unwarped and smooth, and were most capable of providing fire, water, air, and earth with accuracy, these God, separating each from their own kinds apart and mixing them in proportion with one another, devising a universal seed-plot for every mortal race, fashioned the marrow out of them. And after this, planting in it, he bound the kinds of souls. And of the shapes which it was destined to have according to each class, he divided the marrow itself into just so many and such shapes immediately in the distribution at the beginning.
καὶ τὴν μὲν τὸ θεῖον σπέρμα οἷον ἄρουραν μέλλουσαν ἕξειν ἐν αὑτῇ περιφερῆ πανταχῇ πλάσας ἐπωνόμασεν τοῦ μυελοῦ ταύτην τὴν μοῖραν ἐγκέφαλον, ὡς ἀποτελεσθέντος ἑκάστου ζῴου τὸ περὶ τοῦτʼ ἀγγεῖον κεφαλὴν γενησόμενον·
And having fashioned that part which was destined to contain the divine seed within itself as a field, round on every side, he named this portion of the marrow brain, since, when each animal was completed, the vessel around this would become the head.
ὃ δʼ αὖ τὸ λοιπὸν καὶ θνητὸν τῆς ψυχῆς ἔμελλε καθέξειν, ἅμα στρογγύλα καὶ προμήκη διῃρεῖτο σχήματα, μυελὸν δὲ πάντα ἐπεφήμισεν, καὶ καθάπερ ἐξ ἀγκυρῶν βαλλόμενος ἐκ τούτων πάσης ψυχῆς δεσμοὺς περὶ τοῦτο σύμπαν ἤδη τὸ σῶμα ἡμῶν ἀπηργάζετο, στέγασμα μὲν αὐτῷ πρῶτον συμπηγνὺς περὶ ὅλον ὀστέινον.
On the other hand, that part which was to hold the remaining and mortal part of the soul, he divided into shapes both round and elongated, but called them all marrow. And as if casting anchors from these, he fashioned from them the bonds of all the soul around our entire body, first building around it a protective covering of bone.
τὸ δὲ ὀστοῦν συνίστησιν ὧδε.
He constructed the bone in this way.
γῆν διαττήσας καθαρὰν καὶ λείαν ἐφύρασε καὶ ἔδευσεν μυελῷ, καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο εἰς πῦρ αὐτὸ ἐντίθησιν, μετʼ ἐκεῖνο δὲ εἰς ὕδωρ βάπτει, πάλιν δὲ εἰς πῦρ, αὖθίς τε εἰς ὕδωρ·
Sifting clean and smooth earth, he kneaded and moistened it with marrow, and after this, he placed it in fire, and after that, dipped it in water, then again in fire, and once more in water.
μεταφέρων δʼ οὕτω πολλάκις εἰς ἑκάτερον ὑπʼ ἀμφοῖν ἄτηκτον ἀπηργάσατο.
Thus transferring it many times to each, he made it insoluble by both.
§74ΤΙ. καταχρώμενος δὴ τούτῳ περὶ μὲν τὸν ἐγκέφαλον αὐτοῦ σφαῖραν περιετόρνευσεν ὀστεΐνην, ταύτῃ δὲ στενὴν διέξοδον κατελείπετο·
TI. Using this, he turned a bony sphere around his brain, and in this left a narrow passage.
καὶ περὶ τὸν διαυχένιον ἅμα καὶ νωτιαῖον μυελὸν ἐξ αὐτοῦ σφονδύλους πλάσας ὑπέτεινεν οἷον στρόφιγγας, ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς, διὰ παντὸς τοῦ κύτους.
And around the cervical and spinal marrow, fashioning vertebrae out of it like hinges, he extended them, beginning from the head, through the whole trunk.
καὶ τὸ πᾶν δὴ σπέρμα διασῴζων οὕτως λιθοειδεῖ περιβόλῳ συνέφραξεν, ἐμποιῶν ἄρθρα, τῇ θατέρου προσχρώμενος ἐν αὐτοῖς ὡς μέσῃ ἐνισταμένῃ δυνάμει, κινήσεως καὶ κάμψεως ἕνεκα.
And thus preserving all the seed, he enclosed it in a stone-like enclosure, creating joints, using the power of the Other in them as a mediating power standing between, for the sake of movement and bending.
τὴν δʼ αὖ τῆς ὀστεΐνης φύσεως ἕξιν ἡγησάμενος τοῦ δέοντος κραυροτέραν εἶναι καὶ ἀκαμπτοτέραν, διάπυρόν τʼ αὖ γιγνομένην καὶ πάλιν ψυχομένην σφακελίσασαν ταχὺ διαφθερεῖν τὸ σπέρμα ἐντὸς αὑτῆς, διὰ ταῦτα οὕτω τὸ τῶν νεύρων καὶ τὸ τῆς σαρκὸς γένος ἐμηχανᾶτο, ἵνα τῷ μὲν πάντα τὰ μέλη συνδήσας ἐπιτεινομένῳ καὶ ἀνιεμένῳ περὶ τοὺς στρόφιγγας καμπτόμενον τὸ σῶμα καὶ ἐκτεινόμενον παρέχοι, τὴν δὲ σάρκα προβολὴν μὲν καυμάτων, πρόβλημα δὲ χειμώνων, ἔτι δὲ πτωμάτων οἷον τὰ πιλητὰ ἔσεσθαι κτήματα, σώμασιν μαλακῶς καὶ πρᾴως ὑπείκουσαν, θερμὴν δὲ νοτίδα ἐντὸς ἑαυτῆς ἔχουσαν θέρους μὲν ἀνιδίουσαν καὶ νοτιζομένην ἔξωθεν ψῦχος κατὰ πᾶν τὸ σῶμα παρέξειν οἰκεῖον, διὰ χειμῶνος δὲ πάλιν αὖ τούτῳ τῷ πυρὶ τὸν προσφερόμενον ἔξωθεν καὶ περιιστάμενον πάγον ἀμυνεῖσθαι μετρίως.
On the other hand, thinking that the state of the bony nature was harder and more inflexible than necessary, and that if it became overheated and cooled again, it would decay and quickly destroy the seed within itself, for these reasons he devised the nature of sinews and flesh, so that by binding all the limbs together with the former, which could be stretched and relaxed around the hinges, he might enable the body to bend and stretch, while the flesh would serve as a defense against heat and a protection against winters, and moreover as a protection against falls, like felted garments, yielding softly and gently to bodies, and having a warm moisture within itself, in summer sweating and being moistened from without, it would provide a congenial coolness to the whole body, while in winter, on the other hand, with this fire it would moderately ward off the frost that approaches from without and surrounds it.
ταῦτα ἡμῶν διανοηθεὶς ὁ κηροπλάστης, ὕδατι μὲν καὶ πυρὶ καὶ γῇ συμμείξας καὶ συναρμόσας, ἐξ ὀξέος καὶ ἁλμυροῦ συνθεὶς ζύμωμα ὑπομείξας αὐτοῖς, σάρκα ἔγχυμον καὶ μαλακὴν συνέστησεν·
Having thought of these things, our fashioner, mixing and fitting it with water, fire, and earth, and having mixed a ferment composed of acid and salty stuff with them, formed a juicy and soft flesh.
τὴν δὲ τῶν νεύρων φύσιν ἐξ ὀστοῦ καὶ σαρκὸς ἀζύμου κράσεως μίαν ἐξ ἀμφοῖν μέσην δυνάμει συνεκεράσατο, ξανθῷ χρώματι προσχρώμενος.
And he mixed the nature of sinews from a compound of bone and unfermented flesh, a single power intermediate between both, using a yellow color.
ὅθεν συντονωτέραν μὲν καὶ γλισχροτέραν σαρκῶν, μαλακωτέραν δὲ ὀστῶν ὑγροτέραν τε ἐκτήσατο δύναμιν νεῦρα·
Whence sinews acquired a power more intense and sticky than flesh, but softer and more fluid than bones.
οἷς συμπεριλαβὼν ὁ θεὸς ὀστᾶ καὶ μυελόν, δήσας πρὸς ἄλληλα νεύροις, μετὰ ταῦτα σαρξὶν πάντα αὐτὰ κατεσκίασεν ἄνωθεν.
With these, God, enclosing bones and marrow, and binding them to one another with sinews, after this covered them all from above with flesh.
ὅσα μὲν οὖν ἐμψυχότατα τῶν ὀστῶν ἦν, ὀλιγίσταις συνέφραττε σαρξίν, ἃ δʼ ἀψυχότατα ἐντός, πλείσταις καὶ πυκνοτάταις, καὶ δὴ κατὰ τὰς συμβολὰς τῶν ὀστῶν, ὅπῃ μήτινα ἀνάγκην ὁ λόγος ἀπέφαινεν δεῖν αὐτὰς εἶναι, βραχεῖαν σάρκα ἔφυσεν, ἵνα μήτε ἐμποδὼν ταῖς καμπαῖσιν οὖσαι δύσφορα τὰ σώματα ἀπεργάζοιντο, ἅτε δυσκίνητα γιγνόμενα, μήτʼ αὖ πολλαὶ καὶ πυκναὶ σφόδρα τε ἐν ἀλλήλαις ἐμπεπιλημέναι, διὰ στερεότητα ἀναισθησίαν ἐμποιοῦσαι, δυσμνημονευτότερα καὶ κωφότερα τὰ περὶ τὴν διάνοιαν ποιοῖεν.
Whichever of the bones, therefore, were most endowed with soul, he enclosed with very little flesh, but whichever were most soulless within, with the most and densest flesh. And indeed at the joints of the bones, where reason did not show any necessity for them to be, he grew little flesh, so that by being in the way of the bendings they might not make the bodies clumsy, becoming hard to move, nor on the other hand, by being many and very densely packed together, produce insensibility through rigidity, and make the operations of the intellect harder to remember and duller.