§9.573ὅταν δʼ ἐλπίσωσιν οἱ δεινοὶ μάγοι τε καὶ τυραννοποιοὶ οὗτοι μὴ ἄλλως τὸν νέον καθέξειν, ἔρωτά τινα αὐτῷ μηχανωμένους ἐμποιῆσαι προστάτην τῶν ἀργῶν καὶ τὰ ἕτοιμα διανεμομένων ἐπιθυμιῶν, ὑπόπτερον καὶ μέγαν κηφῆνά τινα—ἢ τί ἄλλο οἴει εἶναι τὸν τῶν τοιούτων ἔρωτα;
"And when these terrible magicians and tyrant-makers despair of holding the young man in any other way, they contrive to implant in him a certain Eros as a champion of the idle desires that distribute what is at hand—some winged and mighty drone.
— οὐδὲν ἔγωγε, ἦ δʼ ὅς, ἄλλʼ ἢ τοῦτο. οὐκοῦν ὅταν δὴ περὶ αὐτὸν βομβοῦσαι αἱ ἄλλαι ἐπιθυμίαι, θυμιαμάτων τε γέμουσαι καὶ μύρων καὶ στεφάνων καὶ οἴνων καὶ τῶν ἐν ταῖς τοιαύταις συνουσίαις ἡδονῶν ἀνειμένων, ἐπὶ τὸ ἔσχατον αὔξουσαί τε καὶ τρέφουσαι πόθου κέντρον ἐμποιήσωσι τῷ κηφῆνι, τότε δὴ δορυφορεῖταί τε ὑπὸ μανίας καὶ οἰστρᾷ οὗτος ὁ προστάτης τῆς ψυχῆς, καὶ ἐάν τινας ἐν αὐτῷ δόξας ἢ ἐπιθυμίας λάβῃ ποιουμένας χρηστὰς καὶ ἔτι ἐπαισχυνομένας, ἀποκτείνει τε καὶ ἔξω ὠθεῖ παρʼ αὑτοῦ, ἕως ἂν καθήρῃ σωφροσύνης, μανίας δὲ πληρώσῃ ἐπακτοῦ. παντελῶς, ἔφη, τυραννικοῦ ἀνδρὸς λέγεις γένεσιν. ἆρʼ οὖν, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, καὶ τὸ πάλαι διὰ τὸ τοιοῦτον τύραννος ὁ Ἔρως λέγεται; κινδυνεύει, ἔφη.
Or what else do you think the Eros of such men is?" "Nothing else indeed," he said, "but this." "Therefore, when the other desires buzz around him, laden with incense, perfumes, wreaths, wine, and the loose pleasures of such associations, and, increasing and nurturing them to the utmost, implant in the drone a sting of longing, then indeed this champion of the soul is escorted by madness and rages; and if it finds any opinions or desires in him that are considered good and still capable of shame, it kills them and thrusts them out from itself, until it has purged him of temperance and filled him with imported madness." "You describe entirely," he said, "the genesis of the tyrannical man." "Is it, then," I said, "also because of this that Eros has of old been called a tyrant?" "It seems likely," he said.
οὐκοῦν, ὦ φίλε, εἶπον, καὶ μεθυσθεὶς ἀνὴρ τυραννικόν τι φρόνημα ἴσχει; ἴσχει γάρ. καὶ μὴν ὅ γε μαινόμενος καὶ ὑποκεκινηκὼς οὐ μόνον ἀνθρώπων ἀλλὰ καὶ θεῶν ἐπιχειρεῖ τε καὶ ἐλπίζει δυνατὸς εἶναι ἄρχειν. καὶ μάλʼ, ἔφη.
"And does not, my friend," I said, "a drunken man also have a tyrannical mind?" "Yes, he does." "And indeed, one who is mad and deranged attempts and expects to be able to rule not only over men but also over gods." "Very much so," he said.
τυραννικὸς δέ, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, ὦ δαιμόνιε, ἀνὴρ ἀκριβῶς γίγνεται, ὅταν ἢ φύσει ἢ ἐπιτηδεύμασιν ἢ ἀμφοτέροις μεθυστικός τε καὶ ἐρωτικὸς καὶ μελαγχολικὸς γένηται. παντελῶς μὲν οὖν. γίγνεται μέν, ὡς ἔοικεν, οὕτω καὶ τοιοῦτος ἁνήρ·
"And a tyrannical man," I said, "my wonderful friend, becomes so precisely when, either by nature or by habits or by both, he becomes drunken, erotic, and melancholic." "Entirely so." "He becomes so indeed, as it seems, in this way.
ζῇ δὲ δὴ πῶς; τὸ τῶν παιζόντων, ἔφη, τοῦτο σὺ καὶ ἐμοὶ ἐρεῖς. λέγω δή, ἔφην.
But how does he live?" "As the players say," he said, "you will tell me this in turn." "I tell you then," I said.
οἶμαι γὰρ τὸ μετὰ τοῦτο ἑορταὶ γίγνονται παρʼ αὐτοῖς καὶ κῶμοι καὶ θάλειαι καὶ ἑταῖραι καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα πάντα, ὧν ἂν Ἔρως τύραννος ἔνδον οἰκῶν διακυβερνᾷ τὰ τῆς ψυχῆς ἅπαντα. ἀνάγκη, ἔφη.
"For I think that after this there are feasts among them, and revels, banquets, courtesans, and all such things, of which Eros, dwelling within as tyrant, steers all the affairs of the soul." "Inevitably," he said.
ἆρʼ οὖν οὐ πολλαὶ καὶ δειναὶ παραβλαστάνουσιν ἐπιθυμίαι ἡμέρας τε καὶ νυκτὸς ἑκάστης, πολλῶν δεόμεναι; πολλαὶ μέντοι. ταχὺ ἄρα ἀναλίσκονται ἐάν τινες ὦσι πρόσοδοι. πῶς δʼ οὔ; καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο δὴ δανεισμοὶ καὶ τῆς οὐσίας παραιρέσεις. τί μήν; §9.574ὅταν δὲ δὴ πάντʼ ἐπιλείπῃ, ἆρα οὐκ ἀνάγκη μὲν τὰς ἐπιθυμίας βοᾶν πυκνάς τε καὶ σφοδρὰς ἐννενεοττευμένας, τοὺς δʼ ὥσπερ ὑπὸ κέντρων ἐλαυνομένους τῶν τε ἄλλων ἐπιθυμιῶν καὶ διαφερόντως ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ τοῦ Ἔρωτος, πάσαις ταῖς ἄλλαις ὥσπερ δορυφόροις ἡγουμένου, οἰστρᾶν καὶ σκοπεῖν τίς τι ἔχει, ὃν δυνατὸν ἀφελέσθαι ἀπατήσαντα ἢ βιασάμενον; σφόδρα γʼ, ἔφη.
"Then do not many and terrible desires sprout up beside them every day and night, demanding many things?" "Many indeed." "Quickly, then, any revenues there are are spent." "How could they not be?" "And after this, indeed, come borrowings and deprivations of property." "Of course." "And when all resources fail, is it not necessary that the desires, nested thick and strong, should cry out, and that men, driven as by stings by the other desires and especially by Eros himself, who leads all the others as his bodyguards, should rage and look about to see who has anything that can be taken away by deceit or force?" "Very much so," he said.
ἀναγκαῖον δὴ πανταχόθεν φέρειν, ἢ μεγάλαις ὠδῖσί τε καὶ ὀδύναις συνέχεσθαι. ἀναγκαῖον. ἆρʼ οὖν, ὥσπερ αἱ ἐν αὐτῷ ἡδοναὶ ἐπιγιγνόμεναι τῶν ἀρχαίων πλέον εἶχον καὶ τὰ ἐκείνων ἀφῃροῦντο, οὕτω καὶ αὐτὸς ἀξιώσει νεώτερος ὢν πατρός τε καὶ μητρὸς πλέον ἔχειν, καὶ ἀφαιρεῖσθαι, ἐὰν τὸ αὑτοῦ μέρος ἀναλώσῃ, ἀπονειμάμενος τῶν πατρῴων; ἀλλὰ τί μήν; ἔφη.
"It is necessary then to plunder from everywhere, or else to be gripped by great pangs and pains." "Necessary." "Then, just as the pleasures arising within him got the better of the older ones and took away what was theirs, will he not also, though younger, claim to have more than his father and mother, and to take it away, if he has spent his own portion, by assigning himself a share of the paternal estate?" "Certainly," he said.
ἂν δὲ δὴ αὐτῷ μὴ ἐπιτρέπωσιν, ἆρʼ οὐ τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἐπιχειροῖ ἂν κλέπτειν καὶ ἀπατᾶν τοὺς γονέας; πάντως. ὁπότε δὲ μὴ δύναιτο, ἁρπάζοι ἂν καὶ βιάζοιτο μετὰ τοῦτο; οἶμαι, ἔφη.
"And if they do not permit him, would he not at first attempt to steal from and deceive his parents?" "By all means." "And whenever he cannot, would he not after this plunder and use force?" "I think so," he said.
ἀντεχομένων δὴ καὶ μαχομένων, ὦ θαυμάσιε, γέροντός τε καὶ γραός, ἆρʼ εὐλαβηθείη ἂν καὶ φείσαιτο μή τι δρᾶσαι τῶν τυραννικῶν; οὐ πάνυ, ἦ δʼ ὅς, ἔγωγε θαρρῶ περὶ τῶν γονέων τοῦ τοιούτου. ἀλλʼ, ὦ Ἀδείμαντε, πρὸς Διός, ἕνεκα νεωστὶ φίλης καὶ οὐκ ἀναγκαίας ἑταίρας γεγονυίας τὴν πάλαι φίλην καὶ ἀναγκαίαν μητέρα, ἢ ἕνεκα ὡραίου νεωστὶ φίλου γεγονότος οὐκ ἀναγκαίου τὸν ἄωρόν τε καὶ ἀναγκαῖον πρεσβύτην πατέρα καὶ τῶν φίλων ἀρχαιότατον δοκεῖ ἄν σοι ὁ τοιοῦτος πληγαῖς τε δοῦναι καὶ καταδουλώσασθαι ἂν αὐτοὺς ὑπʼ ἐκείνοις, εἰ εἰς τὴν αὐτὴν οἰκίαν ἀγάγοιτο; ναὶ μὰ Δία, ἦ δʼ ὅς.
"And if they resist and fight back, my wonderful friend, the old man and the old woman, would he be cautious and spare them from doing any of his tyrannical deeds?" "I am not very confident," he said, "about the parents of such a man." "But by Zeus, Adeimantus," I said, "for the sake of a newly found, unnecessary female friend, a courtesan, do you think such a man would strike his long-loved, necessary mother, or for the sake of a newly found, unnecessary, beautiful youth, strike his aged, necessary, oldest of friends, his father, and enslave them to those new favorites if he brought them into the same house?" "Yes, by Zeus," he said.
σφόδρα γε μακάριον, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, ἔοικεν εἶναι τὸ τυραννικὸν ὑὸν τεκεῖν. πάνυ γʼ, ἔφη.
"An extremely blessed thing indeed," I said, "it seems to be, to beget a tyrannical son." "Indeed so," he said.
τί δʼ, ὅταν δὴ τὰ πατρὸς καὶ μητρὸς ἐπιλείπῃ τὸν τοιοῦτον, πολὺ δὲ ἤδη συνειλεγμένον ἐν αὐτῷ ᾖ τὸ τῶν ἡδονῶν σμῆνος, οὐ πρῶτον μὲν οἰκίας τινὸς ἐφάψεται τοίχου ἤ τινος ὀψὲ νύκτωρ ἰόντος τοῦ ἱματίου, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἱερόν τι νεωκορήσει;
"And what when the resources of his father and mother fail such a man, while a great swarm of pleasures has already gathered in him? Will he not first break into someone's house or strip someone of his cloak late at night, and after this rob some temple?
καὶ ἐν τούτοις δὴ πᾶσιν, ἃς πάλαι εἶχεν δόξας ἐκ παιδὸς περὶ καλῶν τε καὶ αἰσχρῶν, τὰς δικαίας ποιουμένας, αἱ νεωστὶ ἐκ δουλείας λελυμέναι, δορυφοροῦσαι τὸν ἔρωτα, κρατήσουσι μετʼ ἐκείνου, αἳ πρότερον μὲν ὄναρ ἐλύοντο ἐν ὕπνῳ, ὅτε ἦν αὐτὸς ἔτι ὑπὸ νόμοις τε καὶ πατρὶ δημοκρατούμενος ἐν ἑαυτῷ·
And in all these actions, the opinions he held of old from childhood about noble and base things, those deemed just, will be mastered, together with Eros, by the desires newly released from slavery that guard him—desires which previously were released only in sleep, as in dreams, when he was still under laws and his father, with a democratic constitution within himself."