§6.494ταῦτα τοίνυν πάντα ἐννοήσας ἐκεῖνο ἀναμνήσθητι· αὐτὸ τὸ καλὸν ἀλλὰ μὴ τὰ πολλὰ καλά, ἢ αὐτό τι ἕκαστον καὶ μὴ τὰ πολλὰ ἕκαστα, ἔσθʼ ὅπως πλῆθος ἀνέξεται ἢ ἡγήσεαι εἶναι;
"Then, having kept all these things in mind, remember that: is there any way that the crowd will tolerate or believe that the beautiful itself exists, rather than the many beautiful things, or each thing itself, rather than the many individual things?" "By no means," he said.
ἥκιστά γʼ, ἔφη. φιλόσοφον μὲν ἄρα, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, πλῆθος ἀδύνατον εἶναι. ἀδύνατον. καὶ τοὺς φιλοσοφοῦντας ἄρα ἀνάγκη ψέγεσθαι ὑπʼ αὐτῶν. ἀνάγκη. καὶ ὑπὸ τούτων δὴ τῶν ἰδιωτῶν, ὅσοι προσομιλοῦντες ὄχλῳ ἀρέσκειν αὐτῷ ἐπιθυμοῦσι. δῆλον. ἐκ δὴ τούτων τίνα ὁρᾷς σωτηρίαν φιλοσόφῳ φύσει, ὥστʼ ἐν τῷ ἐπιτηδεύματι μείνασαν πρὸς τέλος ἐλθεῖν;
"It is impossible, then," I said, "for a crowd to be philosopher." "Impossible." "And those who philosophize, therefore, must of necessity be blamed by them." "Of necessity." "And indeed by those private individuals, as many as, associating with the crowd, desire to please it." "Clear." "From these things, then, what salvation do you see for a philosophical nature, so that, remaining in the pursuit, it may arrive at the end?
ἐννόει δʼ ἐκ τῶν ἔμπροσθεν.
And keep in mind from what went before.
ὡμολόγηται γὰρ δὴ ἡμῖν εὐμάθεια καὶ μνήμη καὶ ἀνδρεία καὶ μεγαλοπρέπεια ταύτης εἶναι τῆς φύσεως. ναί. οὐκοῦν εὐθὺς ἐν παισὶν ὁ τοιοῦτος πρῶτος ἔσται ἐν ἅπασιν, ἄλλως τε καὶ ἐὰν τὸ σῶμα φυῇ προσφερὴς τῇ ψυχῇ; τί δʼ οὐ μέλλει; ἔφη.
For we have indeed agreed that quickness at learning, memory, courage, and high-mindedness belong to this nature." "Yes." "Will not such a person, then, straightway among children, be first in all things, especially if his body is grown to match his soul?" "How could he not?" he said.
βουλήσονται δὴ οἶμαι αὐτῷ χρῆσθαι, ἐπειδὰν πρεσβύτερος γίγνηται, ἐπὶ τὰ αὑτῶν πράγματα οἵ τε οἰκεῖοι καὶ οἱ πολῖται. πῶς δʼ οὔ; ὑποκείσονται ἄρα δεόμενοι καὶ τιμῶντες, προκαταλαμβάνοντες καὶ προκολακεύοντες τὴν μέλλουσαν αὐτοῦ δύναμιν. φιλεῖ γοῦν, ἔφη, οὕτω γίγνεσθαι.
"Then, I suppose, when he becomes older, his relatives and fellow citizens will wish to use him for their own affairs." "How not?" "They will, therefore, lie at his feet, making requests and honoring him, pre-empting and flattering beforehand his future power." "At any rate, it is accustomed to happen so," he said.
τί οὖν οἴει, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, τὸν τοιοῦτον ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις ποιήσειν, ἄλλως τε καὶ ἐὰν τύχῃ μεγάλης πόλεως ὢν καὶ ἐν ταύτῃ πλούσιός τε καὶ γενναῖος, καὶ ἔτι εὐειδὴς καὶ μέγας;
"What, then, do you think," I said, "such a person will do in such circumstances, especially if he happens to belong to a great city and be rich and noble in it, and besides, handsome and tall?
ἆρʼ οὐ πληρωθήσεσθαι ἀμηχάνου ἐλπίδος, ἡγούμενον καὶ τὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων καὶ τὰ τῶν βαρβάρων ἱκανὸν ἔσεσθαι πράττειν, καὶ ἐπὶ τούτοις ὑψηλὸν ἐξαρεῖν αὑτόν, σχηματισμοῦ καὶ φρονήματος κενοῦ ἄνευ νοῦ ἐμπιμπλάμενον; καὶ μάλʼ, ἔφη.
Will he not be filled with boundless hope, believing himself capable of managing both the affairs of the Greeks and those of the barbarians, and on this account raise himself high, being filled with empty pretension and pride devoid of intelligence?" "Very much so," he said.
τῷ δὴ οὕτω διατιθεμένῳ ἐάν τις ἠρέμα προσελθὼν τἀληθῆ λέγῃ, ὅτι νοῦς οὐκ ἔνεστιν αὐτῷ, δεῖται δέ, τὸ δὲ οὐ κτητὸν μὴ δουλεύσαντι τῇ κτήσει αὐτοῦ, ἆρʼ εὐπετὲς οἴει εἶναι εἰσακοῦσαι διὰ τοσούτων κακῶν; πολλοῦ γε δεῖ, ἦ δʼ ὅς.
"To one so disposed, if someone quietly approaches and tells the truth, that intelligence is not in him, but he needs it, and that it is not to be acquired without serving for its acquisition, do you think it is easy for him to listen through so many evils?" "Far from it," he said.
ἐὰν δʼ οὖν, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, διὰ τὸ εὖ πεφυκέναι καὶ τὸ συγγενὲς τῶν λόγων εἰσαισθάνηταί τέ πῃ καὶ κάμπτηται καὶ ἕλκηται πρὸς φιλοσοφίαν, τί οἰόμεθα δράσειν ἐκείνους τοὺς ἡγουμένους ἀπολλύναι αὐτοῦ τὴν χρείαν τε καὶ ἑταιρίαν;
"But if, then," I said, "on account of his good nature and his kinship with arguments, he should somehow perceive and be bent and drawn toward philosophy, what do we think those will do who believe they are losing his usefulness and companionship?
οὐ πᾶν μὲν ἔργον, πᾶν δʼ ἔπος λέγοντάς τε καὶ πράττοντας καὶ περὶ αὐτόν, ὅπως ἂν μὴ πεισθῇ, καὶ περὶ τὸν πείθοντα, ὅπως ἂν μὴ οἷός τʼ ᾖ, καὶ ἰδίᾳ ἐπιβουλεύοντας καὶ δημοσίᾳ εἰς ἀγῶνας καθιστάντας; §6.495πολλή, ἦ δʼ ὅς, ἀνάγκη.
Will they not say and do every deed and every word, both concerning him, so that he may not be persuaded, and concerning the persuader, so that he may not be able, plotting both privately and bringing them into public contests?" "There is great necessity," he said.
ἔστιν οὖν ὅπως ὁ τοιοῦτος φιλοσοφήσει; οὐ πάνυ. ὁρᾷς οὖν, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, ὅτι οὐ κακῶς ἐλέγομεν ὡς ἄρα καὶ αὐτὰ τὰ τῆς φιλοσόφου φύσεως μέρη, ὅταν ἐν κακῇ τροφῇ γένηται, αἴτια τρόπον τινὰ τοῦ ἐκπεσεῖν ἐκ τοῦ ἐπιτηδεύματος, καὶ τὰ λεγόμενα ἀγαθά, πλοῦτοί τε καὶ πᾶσα ἡ τοιαύτη παρασκευή; οὐ γάρ, ἀλλʼ ὀρθῶς, ἔφη, ἐλέχθη.
"Is there, then, any way that such a person will philosophize?" "Not at all." "Do you see, then," I said, "that we were not wrong in saying that even the very parts of the philosophical nature, when they meet with bad rearing, are in a way causes of falling away from the pursuit, as well as the so-called goods, wealth and all such equipment?" "No indeed, but it was rightly said," he said.
οὗτος δή, εἶπον, ὦ θαυμάσιε, ὄλεθρός τε καὶ διαφθορὰ τοσαύτη τε καὶ τοιαύτη τῆς βελτίστης φύσεως εἰς τὸ ἄριστον ἐπιτήδευμα, ὀλίγης καὶ ἄλλως γιγνομένης, ὡς ἡμεῖς φαμεν.
"This, then," I said, "my wonderful friend, is the destruction and corruption, so great and of such a kind, of the best nature for the best pursuit—a nature which, as we say, is anyway rare.
καὶ ἐκ τούτων δὴ τῶν ἀνδρῶν καὶ οἱ τὰ μέγιστα κακὰ ἐργαζόμενοι τὰς πόλεις γίγνονται καὶ τοὺς ἰδιώτας, καὶ οἱ τἀγαθά, οἳ ἂν ταύτῃ τύχωσι ῥυέντες· σμικρὰ δὲ φύσις οὐδὲν μέγα οὐδέποτε οὐδένα οὔτε ἰδιώτην οὔτε πόλιν δρᾷ. ἀληθέστατα, ἦ δʼ ὅς.
And indeed from these men arise those who work the greatest evils to cities and to private individuals, and also those who work goods, whoever happen to have flowed in this direction; but a small nature never does anything great to anyone, either a private individual or a city." "Most true," he said.
οὗτοι μὲν δὴ οὕτως ἐκπίπτοντες, οἷς μάλιστα προσήκει, ἔρημον καὶ ἀτελῆ φιλοσοφίαν λείποντες αὐτοί τε βίον οὐ προσήκοντα οὐδʼ ἀληθῆ ζῶσιν, τὴν δέ, ὥσπερ ὀρφανὴν συγγενῶν, ἄλλοι ἐπεισελθόντες ἀνάξιοι ᾔσχυνάν τε καὶ ὀνείδη περιῆψαν, οἷα καὶ σὺ φῂς ὀνειδίζειν τοὺς ὀνειδίζοντας, ὡς οἱ συνόντες αὐτῇ οἱ μὲν οὐδενός, οἱ δὲ πολλοὶ πολλῶν κακῶν ἄξιοί εἰσιν. καὶ γὰρ οὖν, ἔφη, τά γε λεγόμενα ταῦτα. εἰκότως γε, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, λεγόμενα.
"These, then, falling away in this manner, to whom it most belongs, leaving philosophy abandoned and uncompleted, themselves live a life that is not fitting nor true, while others, unworthy, intruding upon her, as though she were an orphan bereft of relatives, have disgraced her and fastened reproaches upon her, such as you also say those who reproach her cast in her teeth—namely, that of those who associate with her, some are worth nothing, and the majority are worthy of many evils." "For indeed," he said, "these are the things that are said." "And indeed reasonably said," I said.
καθορῶντες γὰρ ἄλλοι ἀνθρωπίσκοι κενὴν τὴν χώραν ταύτην γιγνομένην, καλῶν δὲ ὀνομάτων καὶ προσχημάτων μεστήν, ὥσπερ οἱ ἐκ τῶν εἱργμῶν εἰς τὰ ἱερὰ ἀποδιδράσκοντες, ἅσμενοι καὶ οὗτοι ἐκ τῶν τεχνῶν ἐκπηδῶσιν εἰς τὴν φιλοσοφίαν, οἳ ἂν κομψότατοι ὄντες τυγχάνωσι περὶ τὸ αὑτῶν τεχνίον.
"For other little men, seeing this territory becoming empty, but full of noble names and pretensions, just like those who flee from prisons into temples, gladly leap out of their crafts into philosophy—whoever happen to be the most clever at their own little craft.
ὅμως γὰρ δὴ πρός γε τὰς ἄλλας τέχνας καίπερ οὕτω πραττούσης φιλοσοφίας τὸ ἀξίωμα μεγαλοπρεπέστερον λείπεται, οὗ δὴ ἐφιέμενοι πολλοὶ ἀτελεῖς μὲν τὰς φύσεις, ὑπὸ δὲ τῶν τεχνῶν τε καὶ δημιουργιῶν ὥσπερ τὰ σώματα λελώβηνται, οὕτω καὶ τὰς ψυχὰς συγκεκλασμένοι τε καὶ ἀποτεθρυμμένοι διὰ τὰς βαναυσίας τυγχάνουσιν—ἢ οὐκ ἀνάγκη; καὶ μάλα, ἔφη.
For nevertheless, compared to the other crafts, even though philosophy fares thus, its dignity remains more magnificent, which indeed many desire whose natures are incomplete, and who, just as their bodies have been mutilated by their crafts and labors, so also happen to have their souls broken and crushed by their vulgar occupations—or is this not necessary?" "Very much so," he said.
δοκεῖς οὖν τι, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, διαφέρειν αὐτοὺς ἰδεῖν ἀργύριον κτησαμένου χαλκέως φαλακροῦ καὶ σμικροῦ, νεωστὶ μὲν ἐκ δεσμῶν λελυμένου, ἐν βαλανείῳ δὲ λελουμένου, νεουογὸν ἱμάτιον ἔχοντος, ὡς νυμφίου παρεσκευασμένου, διὰ πενίαν καὶ ἐρημίαν τοῦ δεσπότου τὴν θυγατέρα μέλλοντος γαμεῖν;
"Do they seem to you, then," I said, "to look any different from a bald and short blacksmith who has acquired money, newly released from bonds, washed in a bath, having a newly made cloak, and prepared like a bridegroom, who, on account of the poverty and abandonment of his master, is about to marry his daughter?"