§246ΣΩ. ἀνδρῶν μέντοι ἀγαθῶν καὶ ἐν τούτῳ τῷ πολέμῳ ἐστερήθημεν, τῶν τε ἐν Κορίνθῳ χρησαμένων δυσχωρίᾳ καὶ ἐν Λεχαίῳ προδοσίᾳ· ἀγαθοὶ δὲ καὶ οἱ βασιλέα ἐλευθερώσαντες καὶ ἐκβαλόντες ἐκ τῆς θαλάττης Λακεδαιμονίους·
Socrates: However, in this war too we were deprived of brave men, both those who met with difficult terrain in Corinth and those who were victims of treachery in Lechaeum; and brave too were those who liberated the King and expelled the Lacedaemonians from the sea; of whom I remind you, and it is fitting for you to join in praising and honoring such men.
ὧν ἐγὼ μὲν ὑμᾶς ἀναμιμνῄσκω, ὑμᾶς δὲ πρέπει συνεπαινεῖν τε καὶ κοσμεῖν τοιούτους ἄνδρας. καὶ τὰ μὲν δὴ ἔργα ταῦτα τῶν ἀνδρῶν τῶν ἐνθάδε κειμένων καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ὅσοι ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως τετελευτήκασι, πολλὰ μὲν τὰ εἰρημένα καὶ καλά, πολὺ δʼ ἔτι πλείω καὶ καλλίω τὰ ὑπολειπόμενα· πολλαὶ γὰρ ἂν ἡμέραι καὶ νύκτες οὐχ ἱκαναὶ γένοιντο τῷ τὰ πάντα μέλλοντι περαίνειν.
And as for these deeds of the men lying here, and of all the others who have died for the city, many and beautiful are the things already said, but far more and more beautiful are those left unsung; for many days and nights would not be sufficient for one who intends to recount everything.
τούτων οὖν χρὴ μεμνημένους τοῖς τούτων ἐκγόνοις πάντʼ ἄνδρα παρακελεύεσθαι, ὥσπερ ἐν πολέμῳ, μὴ λείπειν τὴν τάξιν τὴν τῶν προγόνων μηδʼ εἰς τοὐπίσω ἀναχωρεῖν εἴκοντας κάκῃ.
Remembering these things, therefore, every man must exhort their descendants, as if in war, not to desert the rank of their ancestors, nor to retreat backwards, yielding to cowardice.
ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν καὶ αὐτός, ὦ παῖδες ἀνδρῶν ἀγαθῶν, νῦν τε παρακελεύομαι καὶ ἐν τῷ λοιπῷ χρόνῳ, ὅπου ἄν τῳ ἐντυγχάνω ὑμῶν, καὶ ἀναμνήσω καὶ διακελεύσομαι προθυμεῖσθαι εἶναι ὡς ἀρίστους· ἐν δὲ τῷ παρόντι δίκαιός εἰμι εἰπεῖν ἃ οἱ πατέρες ἡμῖν ἐπέσκηπτον ἀπαγγέλλειν τοῖς ἀεὶ λειπομένοις, εἴ τι πάσχοιεν, ἡνίκα κινδυνεύσειν ἔμελλον.
I myself, therefore, O children of brave men, both now exhort you, and in the time to come, wherever I meet any of you, will both remind you and urge you to strive to be as excellent as possible; but at the present time, I am bound to say what our fathers, when they were about to face danger, charged us to report to those who are always left behind, if anything should happen to them.
φράσω δὲ ὑμῖν ἅ τε αὐτῶν ἤκουσα ἐκείνων καὶ οἷα νῦν ἡδέως ἂν εἴποιεν ὑμῖν λαβόντες δύναμιν, τεκμαιρόμενος ἐξ ὧν τότε ἔλεγον.
I will tell you both what I heard from them themselves and what they would now gladly say to you if they had the power, inferring it from what they said then.
ἀλλὰ νομίζειν χρὴ αὐτῶν ἀκούειν ἐκείνων ἃ ἂν ἀπαγγέλλω· ἔλεγον δὲ τάδε— ὦ παῖδες, ὅτι μέν ἐστε πατέρων ἀγαθῶν, αὐτὸ μηνύει τὸ νῦν παρόν· ἡμῖν δὲ ἐξὸν ζῆν μὴ καλῶς, καλῶς αἱρούμεθα μᾶλλον τελευτᾶν, πρὶν ὑμᾶς τε καὶ τοὺς ἔπειτα εἰς ὀνείδη καταστῆσαι καὶ πρὶν τοὺς ἡμετέρους πατέρας καὶ πᾶν τὸ πρόσθεν γένος αἰσχῦναι, ἡγούμενοι τῷ τοὺς αὑτοῦ αἰσχύναντι ἀβίωτον εἶναι, καὶ τῷ τοιούτῳ οὔτε τινὰ ἀνθρώπων οὔτε θεῶν φίλον εἶναι οὔτʼ ἐπὶ γῆς οὔθʼ ὑπὸ γῆς τελευτήσαντι.
But you must believe you are hearing from them themselves what I report; and they spoke as follows: 'O children, that you are of brave fathers, the present occasion itself reveals; and though we had the option to live dishonorably, we choose rather to die honorably, before bringing you and those after you into reproach, and before shaming our fathers and all our ancestors before us, thinking that for the one who shames his own people, life is unlivable, and that to such a person neither any of men nor of gods is a friend, either on earth or under the earth when he is dead.
χρὴ οὖν μεμνημένους τῶν ἡμετέρων λόγων, ἐάν τι καὶ ἄλλο ἀσκῆτε, ἀσκεῖν μετʼ ἀρετῆς, εἰδότας ὅτι τούτου λειπόμενα πάντα καὶ κτήματα καὶ ἐπιτηδεύματα αἰσχρὰ καὶ κακά.
You must, therefore, remember our words, and if you practice anything else, practice it with virtue, knowing that all possessions and pursuits devoid of this are shameful and base.
οὔτε γὰρ πλοῦτος κάλλος φέρει τῷ κεκτημένῳ μετʼ ἀνανδρίας— ἄλλῳ γὰρ ὁ τοιοῦτος πλουτεῖ καὶ οὐχ ἑαυτῷ—οὔτε σώματος κάλλος καὶ ἰσχὺς δειλῷ καὶ κακῷ συνοικοῦντα πρέποντα φαίνεται ἀλλʼ ἀπρεπῆ, καὶ ἐπιφανέστερον ποιεῖ τὸν ἔχοντα καὶ ἐκφαίνει τὴν δειλίαν· §247ΣΩ. πᾶσά τε ἐπιστήμη χωριζομένη δικαιοσύνης καὶ τῆς ἄλλης ἀρετῆς πανουργία, οὐ σοφία φαίνεται.
For neither does wealth bring beauty to its possessor along with cowardice—for such a man is rich for another and not for himself—nor do beauty and strength of body, when dwelling in a coward and a knave, appear appropriate, but rather inappropriate, making the possessor more conspicuous and exposing his cowardice; and all knowledge, when separated from justice and the rest of virtue, appears as cunning, not wisdom.
ὧν ἕνεκα καὶ πρῶτον καὶ ὕστατον καὶ διὰ παντὸς πᾶσαν πάντως προθυμίαν πειρᾶσθε ἔχειν ὅπως μάλιστα μὲν ὑπερβαλεῖσθε καὶ ἡμᾶς καὶ τοὺς πρόσθεν εὐκλείᾳ· εἰ δὲ μή, ἴστε ὡς ἡμῖν, ἂν μὲν νικῶμεν ὑμᾶς ἀρετῇ, ἡ νίκη αἰσχύνην φέρει, ἡ δὲ ἧττα, ἐὰν ἡττώμεθα, εὐδαιμονίαν.
For these reasons, first and last and through all, try by every means to have every eagerness to surpass both us and our predecessors in glory; but if not, know that for us, if we surpass you in virtue, our victory brings shame, whereas our defeat, if we are defeated, brings happiness.
μάλιστα δʼ ἂν νικῴμεθα καὶ ὑμεῖς νικῴητε, εἰ παρασκευάσαισθε τῇ τῶν προγόνων δόξῃ μὴ καταχρησόμενοι μηδʼ ἀναλώσοντες αὐτήν, γνόντες ὅτι ἀνδρὶ οἰομένῳ τὶ εἶναι οὐκ ἔστιν αἴσχιον οὐδὲν ἢ παρέχειν ἑαυτὸν τιμώμενον μὴ διʼ ἑαυτὸν ἀλλὰ διὰ δόξαν προγόνων.
And we should be most defeated, and you would be victorious, if you should prepare yourselves not to abuse or spend the glory of your ancestors, knowing that for a man who thinks himself to be something, there is nothing more shameful than to present himself as honored not for his own sake but because of the glory of his ancestors.
εἶναι μὲν γὰρ τιμὰς γονέων ἐκγόνοις καλὸς θησαυρὸς καὶ μεγαλοπρεπής· χρῆσθαι δὲ καὶ χρημάτων καὶ τιμῶν θησαυρῷ, καὶ μὴ τοῖς ἐκγόνοις παραδιδόναι, αἰσχρὸν καὶ ἄνανδρον, ἀπορίᾳ ἰδίων αὑτοῦ κτημάτων τε καὶ εὐδοξιῶν.
For while the honors of parents are a beautiful and magnificent treasure for their descendants, to consume a treasure of both money and honors, and not to hand it down to one's descendants, is shameful and unmanly, for want of one's own possessions and reputations.
καὶ ἐὰν μὲν ταῦτα ἐπιτηδεύσητε, φίλοι παρὰ φίλους ἡμᾶς ἀφίξεσθε, ὅταν ὑμᾶς ἡ προσήκουσα μοῖρα κομίσῃ· ἀμελήσαντας δὲ ὑμᾶς καὶ κακισθέντας οὐδεὶς εὐμενῶς ὑποδέξεται.
And if you practice these things, you will come to us as friends to friends, when your destined lot brings you here; but if you neglect them and act like cowards, no one will receive you kindly.
τοῖς μὲν οὖν παισὶ ταῦτʼ εἰρήσθω.
Let these things, then, be said to our children.
πατέρας δὲ ἡμῶν, οἷς εἰσί, καὶ μητέρας ἀεὶ χρὴ παραμυθεῖσθαι ὡς ῥᾷστα φέρειν τὴν συμφοράν, ἐὰν ἄρα συμβῇ γενέσθαι, καὶ μὴ συνοδύρεσθαι—οὐ γὰρ τοῦ λυπήσοντος προσδεήσονται· ἱκανὴ γὰρ ἔσται καὶ ἡ γενομένη τύχη τοῦτο πορίζειν—ἀλλʼ ἰωμένους καὶ πραΰνοντας ἀναμιμνῄσκειν αὐτοὺς ὅτι ὧν ηὔχοντο τὰ μέγιστα αὐτοῖς οἱ θεοὶ ἐπήκοοι γεγόνασιν.
But as for our fathers—those who still have them—and our mothers, we must always comfort them to bear their misfortune as easily as possible, if indeed it should happen to occur, and not to wail together with them—for they will not stand in need of anyone to grieve them; for the fortune that has occurred will be sufficient to provide this—but healing and soothing them, remind them that the gods have heard their greatest prayers.
οὐ γὰρ ἀθανάτους σφίσι παῖδας ηὔχοντο γενέσθαι ἀλλʼ ἀγαθοὺς καὶ εὐκλεεῖς, ὧν ἔτυχον, μεγίστων ἀγαθῶν ὄντων· πάντα δὲ οὐ ῥᾴδιον θνητῷ ἀνδρὶ κατὰ νοῦν ἐν τῷ ἑαυτοῦ βίῳ ἐκβαίνειν.
For they did not pray that their children should become immortal, but brave and glorious, which things they have obtained, being the greatest of goods; and it is not easy for a mortal man to have everything turn out according to his mind in his own life.
καὶ φέροντες μὲν ἀνδρείως τὰς συμφορὰς δόξουσι τῷ ὄντι ἀνδρείων παίδων πατέρες εἶναι καὶ αὐτοὶ τοιοῦτοι, ὑπείκοντες δὲ ὑποψίαν παρέξουσιν ἢ μὴ ἡμέτεροι εἶναι ἢ ἡμῶν τοὺς ἐπαινοῦντας καταψεύδεσθαι·
And if they bear their misfortunes manfully, they will seem to be truly the fathers of brave children and themselves to be such; but if they yield, they will give rise to the suspicion either that they are not our parents or that those who praise us are speaking falsely.
χρὴ δὲ οὐδέτερα τούτων, ἀλλʼ ἐκείνους μάλιστα ἡμῶν ἐπαινέτας εἶναι ἔργῳ, παρέχοντας αὑτοὺς φαινομένους τῷ ὄντι πατέρας ὄντας ἄνδρας ἀνδρῶν.
But they must do neither of these, but must rather be our greatest praisers in deed, showing themselves to be seen as truly fathers who are men of men.
πάλαι γὰρ δὴ τὸ μηδὲν ἄγαν λεγόμενον καλῶς δοκεῖ λέγεσθαι· τῷ γὰρ ὄντι εὖ λέγεται.
For long ago the saying "Nothing in excess" was thought to be well said, and indeed it is well said.'