§242ΣΩ. καὶ οὗτος μὲν δὴ πάσῃ τῇ πόλει διηντλήθη ὁ πόλεμος ὑπὲρ ἑαυτῶν τε καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ὁμοφώνων πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους·
Socrates: And this war indeed was endured to the end by the whole city on behalf of themselves and the other Greek-speakers against the barbarians.
εἰρήνης δὲ γενομένης καὶ τῆς πόλεως τιμωμένης ἦλθεν ἐπʼ αὐτήν, ὃ δὴ φιλεῖ ἐκ τῶν ἀνθρώπων τοῖς εὖ πράττουσι προσπίπτειν, πρῶτον μὲν ζῆλος, ἀπὸ ζήλου δὲ φθόνος· ὃ καὶ τήνδε τὴν πόλιν ἄκουσαν ἐν πολέμῳ τοῖς Ἕλλησι κατέστησεν.
But when peace came and the city was honored, there came upon her what is wont to fall upon those who fare well from among men: first emulation, and from emulation envy; which also placed this city, unwilling, in war with the Greeks.
μετὰ δὲ τοῦτο γενομένου πολέμου, συνέβαλον μὲν ἐν Τανάγρᾳ ὑπὲρ τῆς Βοιωτῶν ἐλευθερίας Λακεδαιμονίοις μαχόμενοι, ἀμφισβητησίμου δὲ τῆς μάχης γενομένης, διέκρινε τὸ ὕστερον ἔργον· οἱ μὲν γὰρ ᾤχοντο ἀπιόντες, καταλιπόντες οἷς ἐβοήθουν, οἱ δʼ ἡμέτεροι τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἐν Οἰνοφύτοις νικήσαντες τοὺς ἀδίκως φεύγοντας δικαίως κατήγαγον.
After this, when war arose, they engaged at Tanagra, fighting against the Lacedaemonians for the freedom of the Boeotians, and although the battle was indecisive, the subsequent deed decided it; for the former went away and departed, abandoning those whom they were helping, while our men, having conquered on the third day at Oenophyta, justly restored those who had been unjustly exiled.
οὗτοι δὴ πρῶτοι μετὰ τὸν Περσικὸν πόλεμον, Ἕλλησιν ἤδη ὑπὲρ τῆς ἐλευθερίας βοηθοῦντες πρὸς Ἕλληνας, ἄνδρες ἀγαθοὶ γενόμενοι καὶ ἐλευθερώσαντες οἷς ἐβοήθουν, ἐν τῷδε τῷ μνήματι τιμηθέντες ὑπὸ τῆς πόλεως πρῶτοι ἐτέθησαν.
These indeed were the first after the Persian war who, now helping Greeks against Greeks for the sake of freedom, having shown themselves brave men and having liberated those whom they helped, were honored by the city and placed first in this monument.
μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα πολλοῦ πολέμου γενομένου, καὶ πάντων τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἐπιστρατευσάντων καὶ τεμόντων τὴν χώραν καὶ ἀναξίαν χάριν ἐκτινόντων τῇ πόλει, νικήσαντες αὐτοὺς ναυμαχίᾳ οἱ ἡμέτεροι καὶ λαβόντες αὐτῶν τοὺς ἡγεμόνας Λακεδαιμονίους ἐν τῇ Σφαγίᾳ, ἐξὸν αὐτοῖς διαφθεῖραι ἐφείσαντο καὶ ἀπέδοσαν καὶ εἰρήνην ἐποιήσαντο, ἡγούμενοι πρὸς μὲν τὸ ὁμόφυλον μέχρι νίκης δεῖν πολεμεῖν, καὶ μὴ διʼ ὀργὴν ἰδίαν πόλεως τὸ κοινὸν τῶν Ἑλλήνων διολλύναι, πρὸς δὲ τοὺς βαρβάρους μέχρι διαφθορᾶς.
After this, when a great war had arisen, and all the Greeks had campaigned against us and ravaged our land, repaying an unworthy gratitude to the city, our men, having conquered them in a sea-fight and having captured their leaders, the Lacedaemonians, in Sphagia, although it was permitted to them to destroy them, spared them and gave them back and made peace, holding that against those of the same race one must war only until victory, and not destroy the common cause of the Greeks for the sake of a city's private anger, but against the barbarians until destruction.
τούτους δὴ ἄξιον ἐπαινέσαι τοὺς ἄνδρας, οἳ τοῦτον τὸν πόλεμον πολεμήσαντες ἐνθάδε κεῖνται, ὅτι ἐπέδειξαν, εἴ τις ἄρα ἠμφεσβήτει ὡς ἐν τῷ προτέρῳ πολέμῳ τῷ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους ἄλλοι τινὲς εἶεν ἀμείνους Ἀθηναίων, ὅτι οὐκ ἀληθῆ ἀμφισβητοῖεν·
It is indeed right to praise these men who, having fought this war, lie here, because they showed, if anyone indeed disputed whether in the former war against the barbarians any others were better than the Athenians, that they disputed what was not true.
οὗτοι γὰρ ἐνταῦθα ἔδειξαν, στασιασάσης τῆς Ἑλλάδος περιγενόμενοι τῷ πολέμῳ, τοὺς προεστῶτας τῶν ἄλλων Ἑλλήνων χειρωσάμενοι, μεθʼ ὧν τότε τοὺς βαρβάρους ἐνίκων κοινῇ, τούτους νικῶντες ἰδίᾳ.
For they showed here, when Greece was in sedition, by prevailing in the war and subduing the leaders of the other Greeks, conquering individually those with whom they had then jointly conquered the barbarians.
§243ΣΩ. τρίτος δὲ πόλεμος μετὰ ταύτην τὴν εἰρήνην ἀνέλπιστός τε καὶ δεινὸς ἐγένετο, ἐν ᾧ πολλοὶ καὶ ἀγαθοὶ τελευτήσαντες ἐνθάδε κεῖνται, πολλοὶ μὲν ἀμφὶ Σικελίαν πλεῖστα τρόπαια στήσαντες ὑπὲρ τῆς Λεοντίνων ἐλευθερίας, οἷς βοηθοῦντες διὰ τοὺς ὅρκους ἔπλευσαν εἰς ἐκείνους τοὺς τόπους, διὰ δὲ μῆκος τοῦ πλοῦ εἰς ἀπορίαν τῆς πόλεως καταστάσης καὶ οὐ δυναμένης αὐτοῖς ὑπηρετεῖν, τούτῳ ἀπειπόντες ἐδυστύχησαν· ὧν οἱ ἐχθροὶ καὶ προσπολεμήσαντες πλείω ἔπαινον ἔχουσι σωφροσύνης καὶ ἀρετῆς ἢ τῶν ἄλλων οἱ φίλοι· πολλοὶ δʼ ἐν ταῖς ναυμαχίαις ταῖς καθʼ Ἑλλήσποντον, μιᾷ μὲν ἡμέρᾳ πάσας τὰς τῶν πολεμίων ἑλόντες ναῦς, πολλὰς δὲ καὶ ἄλλας νικήσαντες·
Socrates: And a third war after this peace became both unexpected and terrible, in which many brave men died and lie here: many indeed around Sicily, having erected very many trophies for the freedom of the Leontines, to whose aid they sailed to those regions because of their oaths, but because of the length of the voyage, the city having fallen into difficulty and not being able to supply them, they failed through exhausting this; whose enemies and those who fought against them have greater praise for their self-control and virtue than the friends of other men have; and many in the sea-fights at the Hellespont, having captured all the enemy's ships in a single day, and having conquered in many others.
ὃ δʼ εἶπον δεινὸν καὶ ἀνέλπιστον τοῦ πολέμου γενέσθαι, τόδε λέγω τὸ εἰς τοσοῦτον φιλονικίας ἐλθεῖν πρὸς τὴν πόλιν τοὺς ἄλλους Ἕλληνας, ὥστε τολμῆσαι τῷ ἐχθίστῳ ἐπικηρυκεύσασθαι βασιλεῖ, ὃν κοινῇ ἐξέβαλον μεθʼ ἡμῶν, ἰδίᾳ τοῦτον πάλιν ἐπάγεσθαι, βάρβαρον ἐφʼ Ἕλληνας, καὶ συναθροῖσαι ἐπὶ τὴν πόλιν πάντας Ἕλληνάς τε καὶ βαρβάρους.
And what I said was terrible and unexpected in the war, I mean this: that the other Greeks came to such a degree of rivalry against the city, that they dared to send envoys to the most hostile King—whom they had jointly driven out with us—and privately bring him back again, a barbarian against Greeks, and assemble all Greeks and barbarians against the city.
οὗ δὴ καὶ ἐκφανὴς ἐγένετο ἡ τῆς πόλεως ῥώμη τε καὶ ἀρετή.
Where indeed the strength and virtue of the city became manifest.
οἰομένων γὰρ ἤδη αὐτὴν καταπεπολεμῆσθαι καὶ ἀπειλημμένων ἐν Μυτιλήνῃ τῶν νεῶν, βοηθήσαντες ἑξήκοντα ναυσίν, αὐτοὶ ἐμβάντες εἰς τὰς ναῦς, καὶ ἄνδρες γενόμενοι ὁμολογουμένως ἄριστοι, νικήσαντες μὲν τοὺς πολεμίους, λυσάμενοι δὲ τοὺς φιλίους, ἀναξίου τύχης τυχόντες, οὐκ ἀναιρεθέντες ἐκ τῆς θαλάττης κεῖνται ἐνθάδε.
For when they thought she was already subdued in war, and her ships were blockaded in Mytilene, having gone to aid with sixty ships, embarking on the ships themselves, and showing themselves confessedly best of men, having conquered the enemies and liberated their friends, but having met with an undeserved fate, not being recovered from the sea, they lie here.
ὧν χρὴ ἀεὶ μεμνῆσθαί τε καὶ ἐπαινεῖν· τῇ μὲν γὰρ ἐκείνων ἀρετῇ ἐνικήσαμεν οὐ μόνον τὴν τότε ναυμαχίαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν ἄλλον πόλεμον· δόξαν γὰρ διʼ αὐτοὺς ἡ πόλις ἔσχεν μή ποτʼ ἂν καταπολεμηθῆναι μηδʼ ὑπὸ πάντων ἀνθρώπων—καὶ ἀληθῆ ἔδοξεν—τῇ δὲ ἡμετέρᾳ αὐτῶν διαφορᾷ ἐκρατήθημεν, οὐχ ὑπὸ τῶν ἄλλων· ἀήττητοι γὰρ ἔτι καὶ νῦν ὑπό γε ἐκείνων ἐσμέν, ἡμεῖς δὲ αὐτοὶ ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐνικήσαμεν καὶ ἡττήθημεν.
Whom we must always remember and praise; for by their virtue we conquered not only the sea-fight of that time, but also the rest of the war; for because of them the city obtained the reputation that she would never be subdued, not even by all mankind—and she seemed to speak the truth—and we were overcome by our own dissension, not by the others; for we remain undefeated even now by them, but we ourselves conquered and were defeated by ourselves.
μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἡσυχίας γενομένης καὶ εἰρήνης πρὸς τοὺς ἄλλους, ὁ οἰκεῖος ἡμῖν πόλεμος οὕτως ἐπολεμήθη, ὥστε εἴπερ εἱμαρμένον εἴη ἀνθρώποις στασιάσαι, μὴ ἂν ἄλλως εὔξασθαι μηδένα πόλιν ἑαυτοῦ νοσῆσαι.
After this, when quiet and peace with the others had come, our domestic war was fought in such a manner that, if it were fated for men to fall into sedition, no one would pray for his own city to be sick in any other way.