§236ΣΩ. λέγω γάρ, καὶ Κόννον γε τὸν Μητροβίου· οὗτοι γάρ μοι δύο εἰσὶν διδάσκαλοι, ὁ μὲν μουσικῆς, ἡ δὲ ῥητορικῆς.
SOCRATES: Yes, for I mean Metrobius' son, Connus, too; for these two are my teachers, the one of music, the other of rhetoric.
οὕτω μὲν οὖν τρεφόμενον ἄνδρα οὐδὲν θαυμαστὸν δεινὸν εἶναι λέγειν· ἀλλὰ καὶ ὅστις ἐμοῦ κάκιον ἐπαιδεύθη, μουσικὴν μὲν ὑπὸ Λάμπρου παιδευθείς, ῥητορικὴν δὲ ὑπʼ Ἀντιφῶντος τοῦ Ῥαμνουσίου, ὅμως κἂν οὗτος οἷός τʼ εἴη Ἀθηναίους γε ἐν Ἀθηναίοις ἐπαινῶν εὐδοκιμεῖν.
So it is nothing wonderful that a man brought up in this way should be clever at speaking; but even someone who was educated worse than I, having been instructed in music by Lamprus and in rhetoric by Antiphon of Rhamnus, would nevertheless still be able to win reputation by praising Athenians among Athenians.
ΜΕΝ. καὶ τί ἂν ἔχοις εἰπεῖν, εἰ δέοι σε λέγειν;
MENEXENUS: And what would you have to say, if you had to speak?
ΣΩ. αὐτὸς μὲν παρʼ ἐμαυτοῦ ἴσως οὐδέν, Ἀσπασίας δὲ καὶ χθὲς ἠκροώμην περαινούσης ἐπιτάφιον λόγον περὶ αὐτῶν τούτων.
SOCRATES: From myself, perhaps nothing; but only yesterday I was listening to Aspasia finishing a funeral speech about these very people.
ἤκουσε γὰρ ἅπερ σὺ λέγεις, ὅτι μέλλοιεν Ἀθηναῖοι αἱρεῖσθαι τὸν ἐροῦντα· ἔπειτα τὰ μὲν ἐκ τοῦ παραχρῆμά μοι διῄει, οἷα δέοι λέγειν, τὰ δὲ πρότερον ἐσκεμμένη, ὅτε μοι δοκεῖ συνετίθει τὸν ἐπιτάφιον λόγον ὃν Περικλῆς εἶπεν, περιλείμματʼ ἄττα ἐξ ἐκείνου συγκολλῶσα.
For she had heard what you say, that the Athenians were about to choose the speaker; then she went through some parts with me on the spur of the moment, showing what one ought to say, and other parts she had considered beforehand, when, as it seems to me, she was composing the funeral speech which Pericles spoke, pasting together some scraps from that one.
ΜΕΝ. ἦ καὶ μνημονεύσαις ἂν ἃ ἔλεγεν ἡ Ἀσπασία;
MENEXENUS: And would you be able to remember what Aspasia said?
ΣΩ. εἰ μὴ ἀδικῶ γε· ἐμάνθανόν γέ τοι παρʼ αὐτῆς, καὶ ὀλίγου πληγὰς ἔλαβον ὅτʼ ἐπελανθανόμην.
SOCRATES: Unless I am doing her an injustice, yes; at least, I was learning it from her, and I nearly got a beating whenever I forgot.
ΜΕΝ. τί οὖν οὐ διῆλθες;
MENEXENUS: Why then don't you go through it?
ΣΩ. ἀλλʼ ὅπως μή μοι χαλεπανεῖ ἡ διδάσκαλος, ἂν ἐξενέγκω αὐτῆς τὸν λόγον.
SOCRATES: But I must take care lest my teacher be angry with me, if I publish her speech.
ΜΕΝ. μηδαμῶς, ὦ Σώκρατες, ἀλλʼ εἰπέ, καὶ πάνυ μοι χαριῇ, εἴτε Ἀσπασίας βούλει λέγειν εἴτε ὁτουοῦν· ἀλλὰ μόνον εἰπέ.
MENEXENUS: Not at all, Socrates, but speak; and you will gratify me exceedingly, whether you wish to speak Aspasia's speech or anyone else's; only speak.
ΣΩ. ἀλλʼ ἴσως μου καταγελάσῃ, ἄν σοι δόξω πρεσβύτης ὢν ἔτι παίζειν.
SOCRATES: But perhaps you will laugh at me, if I seem to you, at my age, to be still playing.
ΜΕΝ. οὐδαμῶς, ὦ Σώκρατες, ἀλλʼ εἰπὲ παντὶ τρόπῳ.
MENEXENUS: Not at all, Socrates, but speak by all means.
ΣΩ. ἀλλὰ μέντοι σοί γε δεῖ χαρίζεσθαι, ὥστε κἂν ὀλίγου, εἴ με κελεύοις ἀποδύντα ὀρχήσασθαι, χαρισαίμην ἄν, ἐπειδή γε μόνω ἐσμέν.
SOCRATES: Well then, indeed I must gratify you, so that I would almost gratify you even if you ordered me to strip and dance, since we are alone.
ἀλλʼ ἄκουε.
But listen.
ἔλεγε γάρ, ὡς ἐγᾦμαι, ἀρξαμένη λέγειν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν τῶν τεθνεώτων οὑτωσί. ἔργῳ μὲν ἡμῖν οἵδε ἔχουσιν τὰ προσήκοντα σφίσιν αὐτοῖς, ὧν τυχόντες πορεύονται τὴν εἱμαρμένην πορείαν, προπεμφθέντες κοινῇ μὲν ὑπὸ τῆς πόλεως, ἰδίᾳ δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν οἰκείων· λόγῳ δὲ δὴ τὸν λειπόμενον κόσμον ὅ τε νόμος προστάττει ἀποδοῦναι τοῖς ἀνδράσιν καὶ χρή.
For she spoke, as I think, beginning her speech from the dead themselves, in this way: "In deed, these men have what is fitting for them, having obtained which they proceed on their destined journey, escorted publicly by the city and privately by their kinsfolk; but in word, the remaining tribute of honor both the law commands to be paid to the men, and it is right.
ἔργων γὰρ εὖ πραχθέντων λόγῳ καλῶς ῥηθέντι μνήμη καὶ κόσμος τοῖς πράξασι γίγνεται παρὰ τῶν ἀκουσάντων·
For when deeds have been well performed, through a speech beautifully spoken there comes remembrance and honor to the doers from the hearers.
δεῖ δὴ τοιούτου τινὸς λόγου ὅστις τοὺς μὲν τετελευτηκότας ἱκανῶς ἐπαινέσεται, τοῖς δὲ ζῶσιν εὐμενῶς παραινέσεται, ἐκγόνοις μὲν καὶ ἀδελφοῖς μιμεῖσθαι τὴν τῶνδε ἀρετὴν παρακελευόμενος, πατέρας δὲ καὶ μητέρας καὶ εἴ τινες τῶν ἄνωθεν ἔτι προγόνων λείπονται, τούτους δὲ παραμυθούμενος. §237ΣΩ. τίς οὖν ἂν ἡμῖν τοιοῦτος λόγος φανείη;
Indeed, there is need of some such speech which will sufficiently praise the dead, and kindly advise the living, urging the descendants and brothers to imitate the virtue of these men, and comforting the fathers and mothers and any of the ancestors further back who still remain." "What such speech, then, would appear to us?
ἢ πόθεν ἂν ὀρθῶς ἀρξαίμεθα ἄνδρας ἀγαθοὺς ἐπαινοῦντες, οἳ ζῶντές τε τοὺς ἑαυτῶν ηὔφραινον διʼ ἀρετήν, καὶ τὴν τελευτὴν ἀντὶ τῆς τῶν ζώντων σωτηρίας ἠλλάξαντο;
Or where should we rightly begin praising good men, who while living gladdened their own people through virtue, and chose death in exchange for the salvation of the living?
δοκεῖ μοι χρῆναι κατὰ φύσιν, ὥσπερ ἀγαθοὶ ἐγένοντο, οὕτω καὶ ἐπαινεῖν αὐτούς.
It seems to me right, just as they became good, so also to praise them in accordance with their nature.
ἀγαθοὶ δὲ ἐγένοντο διὰ τὸ φῦναι ἐξ ἀγαθῶν.
And they became good because they were born of good parents.
τὴν εὐγένειαν οὖν πρῶτον αὐτῶν ἐγκωμιάζωμεν, δεύτερον δὲ τροφήν τε καὶ παιδείαν· ἐπὶ δὲ τούτοις τὴν τῶν ἔργων πρᾶξιν ἐπιδείξωμεν, ὡς καλὴν καὶ ἀξίαν τούτων ἀπεφήναντο.
Let us, therefore, first eulogize their noble birth, and secondly their nourishment and education; and after these, let us display the performance of their deeds, showing how beautiful and worthy of these they proved them to be.
τῆς δʼ εὐγενείας πρῶτον ὑπῆρξε τοῖσδε ἡ τῶν προγόνων γένεσις οὐκ ἔπηλυς οὖσα, οὐδὲ τοὺς ἐκγόνους τούτους ἀποφηναμένη μετοικοῦντας ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἄλλοθεν σφῶν ἡκόντων, ἀλλʼ αὐτόχθονας καὶ τῷ ὄντι ἐν πατρίδι οἰκοῦντας καὶ ζῶντας, καὶ τρεφομένους οὐχ ὑπὸ μητρυιᾶς ὡς οἱ ἄλλοι, ἀλλʼ ὑπὸ μητρὸς τῆς χώρας ἐν ᾗ ᾤκουν, καὶ νῦν κεῖσθαι τελευτήσαντας ἐν οἰκείοις τόποις τῆς τεκούσης καὶ θρεψάσης καὶ ὑποδεξαμένης.
Of their noble birth, the first foundation was the origin of their ancestors, which was not foreign, nor did it show these descendants to be immigrants in the land, having come from elsewhere, but autochthonous and dwelling and living in a true fatherland, and nourished not by a stepmother as others are, but by a mother, the land in which they dwelt, and now lying dead in the familiar places of the one who bore them, nourished them, and received them.
δικαιότατον δὴ κοσμῆσαι πρῶτον τὴν μητέρα αὐτήν· οὕτω γὰρ συμβαίνει ἅμα καὶ ἡ τῶνδε εὐγένεια κοσμουμένη.
It is most just, indeed, first to adorn the mother herself; for in this way it happens that the noble birth of these men is adorned at the same time.
ἔστι δὲ ἀξία ἡ χώρα καὶ ὑπὸ πάντων ἀνθρώπων ἐπαινεῖσθαι, οὐ μόνον ὑφʼ ἡμῶν, πολλαχῇ μὲν καὶ ἄλλῃ, πρῶτον δὲ καὶ μέγιστον ὅτι τυγχάνει οὖσα θεοφιλής.
And the land is worthy to be praised by all men, not only by us, in many other ways, but first and greatest because she happens to be beloved by the gods.
μαρτυρεῖ δὲ ἡμῶν τῷ λόγῳ ἡ τῶν ἀμφισβητησάντων περὶ αὐτῆς θεῶν ἔρις τε καὶ κρίσις· ἣν δὴ θεοὶ ἐπῄνεσαν, πῶς οὐχ ὑπʼ ἀνθρώπων γε συμπάντων δικαία ἐπαινεῖσθαι;
Witness to our speech is the dispute and judgment of the gods who contended for her; which land the gods praised, how is she not justly to be praised by all men?
δεύτερος δὲ ἔπαινος δικαίως ἂν αὐτῆς εἴη, ὅτι ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ χρόνῳ, ἐν ᾧ ἡ πᾶσα γῆ ἀνεδίδου καὶ ἔφυε ζῷα παντοδαπά, θηρία τε καὶ βοτά, ἐν τούτῳ ἡ ἡμετέρα θηρίων μὲν ἀγρίων ἄγονος καὶ καθαρὰ ἐφάνη, ἐξελέξατο δὲ τῶν ζῴων καὶ ἐγέννησεν ἄνθρωπον, ὃ συνέσει τε ὑπερέχει τῶν ἄλλων καὶ δίκην καὶ θεοὺς μόνον νομίζει.
And a second praise would justly be hers, because in that time when the whole earth was yielding and producing animals of all kinds, both wild beasts and cattle, during this time our land appeared barren and pure of wild beasts, but chose from the animals and generated man, who excels the others in intelligence and alone believes in justice and the gods.
μέγα δὲ τεκμήριον τούτῳ τῷ λόγῳ, ὅτι ἥδε ἔτεκεν ἡ γῆ τοὺς τῶνδέ τε καὶ ἡμετέρους προγόνους.
And a great proof of this speech is that this land gave birth to the ancestors of these men and of us.
πᾶν γὰρ τὸ τεκὸν τροφὴν ἔχει ἐπιτηδείαν ᾧ ἂν τέκῃ, ᾧ καὶ γυνὴ δήλη τεκοῦσά τε ἀληθῶς καὶ μή, ἀλλʼ ὑποβαλλομένη, ἐὰν μὴ ἔχῃ πηγὰς τροφῆς τῷ γεννωμένῳ.
For everything that gives birth has nourishment suitable for what it bears, by which a woman also is shown to have given birth truly and not to have substituted another's child, if she does not have sources of nourishment for the newborn."