§175ΣΩ. τὰ δὲ δὴ γένη ὑμνούντων, ὡς γενναῖός τις ἑπτὰ πάππους πλουσίους ἔχων ἀποφῆναι, παντάπασιν ἀμβλὺ καὶ ἐπὶ σμικρὸν ὁρώντων ἡγεῖται τὸν ἔπαινον, ὑπὸ ἀπαιδευσίας οὐ δυναμένων εἰς τὸ πᾶν ἀεὶ βλέπειν οὐδὲ λογίζεσθαι ὅτι πάππων καὶ προγόνων μυριάδες ἑκάστῳ γεγόνασιν ἀναρίθμητοι, ἐν αἷς πλούσιοι καὶ πτωχοὶ καὶ βασιλῆς καὶ δοῦλοι βάρβαροί τε καὶ Ἕλληνες πολλάκις μυρίοι γεγόνασιν ὁτῳοῦν·
SOCRATES: And as for those who sing the praises of lineages, on the grounds that someone is noble because he can show seven wealthy ancestors, he thinks that this praise belongs to those whose vision is completely dull and narrow-sighted, because, through lack of education, they are unable to look always to the whole or to calculate that countless ten-thousands of grandfathers and ancestors have existed for everyone, among whom wealthy and poor, kings and slaves, barbarians and Greeks, have often existed by the tens of thousands for anyone at all.
ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ πέντε καὶ εἴκοσι καταλόγῳ προγόνων σεμνυνομένων καὶ ἀναφερόντων εἰς Ἡρακλέα τὸν Ἀμφιτρύωνος ἄτοπα αὐτῷ καταφαίνεται τῆς σμικρολογίας, ὅτι δὲ ὁ ἀπʼ Ἀμφιτρύωνος εἰς τὸ ἄνω πεντεκαιεικοστὸς τοιοῦτος ἦν οἵα συνέβαινεν αὐτῷ τύχη, καὶ ὁ πεντηκοστὸς ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ, γελᾷ οὐ δυναμένων λογίζεσθαί τε καὶ χαυνότητα ἀνοήτου ψυχῆς ἀπαλλάττειν.
But when they pride themselves on a pedigree of twenty-five ancestors and trace it back to Heracles, the son of Amphitryon, their small-mindedness appears absurd to him, because the twenty-fifth ancestor back from Amphitryon was of such a character as fortune happened to make him, and the fiftieth from him likewise, and he laughs at those who are unable to calculate this and rid their foolish soul of vanity.
ἐν ἅπασι δὴ τούτοις ὁ τοιοῦτος ὑπὸ τῶν πολλῶν καταγελᾶται, τὰ μὲν ὑπερηφάνως ἔχων, ὡς δοκεῖ, τὰ δʼ ἐν ποσὶν ἀγνοῶν τε καὶ ἐν ἑκάστοις ἀπορῶν.
In all these matters, indeed, such a person is laughed at by the many, partly because he seems haughty, and partly because he is ignorant of things at his feet and is at a loss in every situation.
ΘΕΟ. παντάπασι τὰ γιγνόμενα λέγεις, ὦ Σώκρατες.
THEODORUS: You describe exactly what happens, Socrates.
ΣΩ. ὅταν δέ γέ τινα αὐτός, ὦ φίλε, ἑλκύσῃ ἄνω, καὶ ἐθελήσῃ τις αὐτῷ ἐκβῆναι ἐκ τοῦ
τί ἐγὼ σὲ ἀδικῶ ἢ σὺ ἐμέ
; εἰς σκέψιν αὐτῆς δικαιοσύνης τε καὶ ἀδικίας, τί τε ἑκάτερον αὐτοῖν καὶ τί τῶν πάντων ἢ ἀλλήλων διαφέρετον, ἢ ἐκ τοῦ
εἰ βασιλεὺς εὐδαίμων,
κεκτημένος τʼ αὖ χρυσίον,
βασιλείας πέρι καὶ ἀνθρωπίνης ὅλως εὐδαιμονίας καὶ ἀθλιότητος ἐπὶ σκέψιν, ποίω τέ τινε ἐστὸν καὶ τίνα τρόπον ἀνθρώπου φύσει προσήκει τὸ μὲν κτήσασθαι αὐτοῖν, τὸ δὲ ἀποφυγεῖν—περὶ τούτων ἁπάντων ὅταν αὖ δέῃ λόγον διδόναι τὸν σμικρὸν ἐκεῖνον τὴν ψυχὴν καὶ δριμὺν καὶ δικανικόν, πάλιν αὖ τὰ ἀντίστροφα ἀποδίδωσιν· εἰλιγγιῶν τε ἀπὸ ὑψηλοῦ κρεμασθεὶς καὶ βλέπων μετέωρος ἄνωθεν ὑπὸ ἀηθείας ἀδημονῶν τε καὶ ἀπορῶν καὶ βατταρίζων γέλωτα Θρᾴτταις μὲν οὐ παρέχει οὐδʼ ἄλλῳ ἀπαιδεύτῳ οὐδενί, οὐ γὰρ αἰσθάνονται, τοῖς δʼ ἐναντίως ἢ ὡς ἀνδραπόδοις τραφεῖσι πᾶσιν.
SOCRATES: But when he himself, my friend, draws someone upward, and someone is willing to go up with him from the question 'What wrong am I doing you, or you me?' to the investigation of justice and injustice themselves, what each of them is and in what they differ from all things or from each other, or from the question 'whether a king is happy, possessing gold,' to the investigation of kingship and human happiness and misery as a whole, what kind of things they are and in what way it is fitting for human nature to acquire the one and avoid the other—when on all these matters that small-minded, sharp, legalistic person must in turn give an account of them, he in turn exhibits the opposite behavior; becoming dizzy, suspended from a height and looking down from above in mid-air, distressed and perplexed because of the unfamiliarity, and stammering, he does not provide laughter to Thracian girls, nor to any other uneducated person, for they do not perceive it, but to all those who have been brought up in the opposite way than as slaves.
οὗτος δὴ ἑκατέρου τρόπος, ὦ Θεόδωρε, ὁ μὲν τῷ ὄντι ἐν ἐλευθερίᾳ τε καὶ σχολῇ τεθραμμένου, ὃν δὴ φιλόσοφον καλεῖς, ᾧ ἀνεμέσητον εὐήθει δοκεῖν καὶ οὐδενὶ εἶναι ὅταν εἰς δουλικὰ ἐμπέσῃ διακονήματα, οἷον στρωματόδεσμον μὴ ἐπισταμένου συσκευάσασθαι μηδὲ ὄψον ἡδῦναι ἢ θῶπας λόγους· ὁ δʼ αὖ τὰ μὲν τοιαῦτα πάντα δυναμένου τορῶς τε καὶ ὀξέως διακονεῖν, ἀναβάλλεσθαι δὲ οὐκ ἐπισταμένου ἐπιδέξια ἐλευθερίως οὐδέ γʼ ἁρμονίαν λόγων λαβόντος ὀρθῶς ὑμνῆσαι θεῶν τε καὶ ἀνδρῶν εὐδαιμόνων βίον.
This indeed is the character of each, Theodorus: the one of him who has been truly brought up in freedom and leisure, whom you indeed call a philosopher, for whom it is not to be resented to seem simple-minded and of no worth when he falls into slavish tasks, such as not knowing how to pack a bedroll, or season a dish, or make flattering speeches; the other in turn of him who is able to perform all such tasks sharply and keenly, but does not know how to throw on his cloak deftly like a free man, nor, having grasped the harmony of speeches, to sing rightly the life of gods and happy men.