§88ΦΑΙΔ. ὥστε τούτῳ τῷ λόγῳ οὔπω ἄξιον πιστεύσαντα θαρρεῖν ὡς ἐπειδὰν ἀποθάνωμεν ἔτι που ἡμῶν ἡ ψυχὴ ἔστιν.
“Therefore, relying on this argument, it is not yet worthy for one to be confident, trusting that when we die our soul still exists somewhere.
εἰ γάρ τις καὶ πλέον ἔτι τῷ λέγοντι ἢ ἃ σὺ λέγεις συγχωρήσειεν, δοὺς αὐτῷ μὴ μόνον ἐν τῷ πρὶν καὶ γενέσθαι ἡμᾶς χρόνῳ εἶναι ἡμῶν τὰς ψυχάς, ἀλλὰ μηδὲν κωλύειν καὶ ἐπειδὰν ἀποθάνωμεν ἐνίων ἔτι εἶναι καὶ ἔσεσθαι καὶ πολλάκις γενήσεσθαι καὶ ἀποθανεῖσθαι αὖθις — οὕτω γὰρ αὐτὸ φύσει ἰσχυρὸν εἶναι, ὥστε πολλάκις γιγνομένην ψυχὴν ἀντέχειν — δοὺς δὲ ταῦτα ἐκεῖνο μηκέτι συγχωροῖ, μὴ οὐ πονεῖν αὐτὴν ἐν ταῖς πολλαῖς γενέσεσιν καὶ τελευτῶσάν γε ἔν τινι τῶν θανάτων παντάπασιν ἀπόλλυσθαι, τοῦτον δὲ τὸν θάνατον καὶ ταύτην τὴν διάλυσιν τοῦ σώματος ἣ τῇ ψυχῇ φέρει ὄλεθρον μηδένα φαίη εἰδέναι — ἀδύνατον γὰρ εἶναι ὁτῳοῦν αἰσθέσθαι ἡμῶν — εἰ δὲ τοῦτο οὕτως ἔχει, οὐδενὶ προσήκει θάνατον θαρροῦντι μὴ οὐκ ἀνοήτως θαρρεῖν, ὃς ἂν μὴ ἔχῃ ἀποδεῖξαι ὅτι ἔστι ψυχὴ παντάπασιν ἀθάνατόν τε καὶ ἀνώλεθρον· εἰ δὲ μή, ἀνάγκην εἶναι ἀεὶ τὸν μέλλοντα ἀποθανεῖσθαι δεδιέναι ὑπὲρ τῆς αὑτοῦ ψυχῆς μὴ ἐν τῇ νῦν τοῦ σώματος διαζεύξει παντάπασιν ἀπόληται. πάντες οὖν ἀκούσαντες εἰπόντων αὐτῶν ἀηδῶς διετέθημεν, ὡς ὕστερον ἐλέγομεν πρὸς ἀλλήλους, ὅτι ὑπὸ τοῦ ἔμπροσθεν λόγου σφόδρα πεπεισμένους ἡμᾶς πάλιν ἐδόκουν ἀναταράξαι καὶ εἰς ἀπιστίαν καταβαλεῖν οὐ μόνον τοῖς προειρημένοις λόγοις, ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς τὰ ὕστερον μέλλοντα ῥηθήσεσθαι, μὴ οὐδενὸς ἄξιοι εἶμεν κριταὶ ἢ καὶ τὰ πράγματα αὐτὰ ἄπιστα ᾖ.
For even if someone should concede to the speaker even more than what you say, granting him not only that our souls existed in the time before we were born, but also that nothing prevents, even when we die, the souls of some of us from still existing and continuing to exist, and being born many times and dying again—for it is so strong by nature that the soul holds out though being born many times—and yet, having granted these things, should no longer concede that it does not suffer in its many births and, ending at last in one of its deaths, perish utterly, and should say that no one knows this death and this dissolution of the body which brings destruction to the soul—for it is impossible for any of us to perceive it—if this is so, it is fitting for no one who is confident about death to be confident other than foolishly, whoever is not able to demonstrate that the soul is altogether immortal and imperishable; otherwise, it is necessary that he who is about to die always fears for his own soul lest in the present separation from the body it perish utterly.” Now we all, having heard them speak, were depressed, as we said to one another afterwards, because, although we had been strongly convinced by the previous argument, they seemed to disturb us again and to cast us into disbelief, not only concerning the arguments already spoken, but also concerning those that were going to be spoken later, lest we might be judges of no value, or even the matters themselves might be untrustworthy.
ΕΧ. νὴ τοὺς θεούς, ὦ Φαίδων, συγγνώμην γε ἔχω ὑμῖν.
Echecrates: “By the gods, Phaedo, I have sympathy for you.
καὶ γὰρ αὐτόν με νῦν ἀκούσαντά σου τοιοῦτόν τι λέγειν πρὸς ἐμαυτὸν ἐπέρχεται· τίνι οὖν ἔτι πιστεύσομεν λόγῳ;
For as I listen to you now, some such thing comes to my mind to say to myself: ‘In what argument, then, shall we still believe?
ὡς γὰρ σφόδρα πιθανὸς ὤν, ὃν ὁ Σωκράτης ἔλεγε λόγον, νῦν εἰς ἀπιστίαν καταπέπτωκεν. θαυμαστῶς γάρ μου ὁ λόγος οὗτος ἀντιλαμβάνεται καὶ νῦν καὶ ἀεί, τὸ ἁρμονίαν τινὰ ἡμῶν εἶναι τὴν ψυχήν, καὶ ὥσπερ ὑπέμνησέν με ῥηθεὶς ὅτι καὶ αὐτῷ μοι ταῦτα προυδέδοκτο.
For the argument which Socrates spoke, being so extremely persuasive, has now fallen into disbelief.’ For this argument wonderfully takes hold of me, both now and always, that our soul is a certain harmony, and, being spoken, it has, as it were, reminded me that these things had previously seemed so to myself as well.
καὶ πάνυ δέομαι πάλιν ὥσπερ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἄλλου τινὸς λόγου ὅς με πείσει ὡς τοῦ ἀποθανόντος οὐ συναποθνῄσκει ἡ ψυχή.
And I am completely in need again, as if from the beginning, of some other argument which will persuade me that when a human being dies, the soul does not die with him.
λέγε οὖν πρὸς Διὸς πῇ ὁ Σωκράτης μετῆλθε τὸν λόγον;
Tell me then, by Zeus, in what way did Socrates pursue the argument?
καὶ πότερον κἀκεῖνος, ὥσπερ ὑμᾶς φῄς, ἔνδηλός τι ἐγένετο ἀχθόμενος ἢ οὔ, ἀλλὰ πρᾴως ἐβοήθει τῷ λόγῳ;
And whether he too, as you say of yourselves, became visibly distressed at all, or not, but gently came to the aid of the argument?
καὶ ἱκανῶς ἐβοήθησεν ἢ ἐνδεῶς;
And did he aid it sufficiently or inadequately?
πάντα ἡμῖν δίελθε ὡς δύνασαι ἀκριβέστατα.
Go through everything for us as accurately as you can.”