§82ΦΑΙΔ. ἢ οὐκ οἴει; πάνυ μὲν οὖν εἰκὸς λέγεις. τοὺς δέ γε ἀδικίας τε καὶ τυραννίδας καὶ ἁρπαγὰς προτετιμηκότας εἰς τὰ τῶν λύκων τε καὶ ἱεράκων καὶ ἰκτίνων γένη· ἢ ποῖ ἂν ἄλλοσέ φαμεν τὰς τοιαύτας ἰέναι; ἀμέλει, ἔφη ὁ Κέβης, εἰς τὰ τοιαῦτα. οὐκοῦν, ἦ δ’ ὅς, δῆλα δὴ καὶ τἆλλα ᾗ ἂν ἕκαστα ἴοι κατὰ τὰς αὐτῶν ὁμοιότητας τῆς μελέτης; δῆλον δή, ἔφη· πῶς δ’ οὔ; οὐκοῦν εὐδαιμονέστατοι, ἔφη, καὶ τούτων εἰσὶ καὶ εἰς βέλτιστον τόπον ἰόντες οἱ τὴν δημοτικὴν καὶ πολιτικὴν ἀρετὴν ἐπιτετηδευκότες, ἣν δὴ καλοῦσι σωφροσύνην τε καὶ δικαιοσύνην, ἐξ ἔθους τε καὶ μελέτης γεγονυῖαν ἄνευ φιλοσοφίας τε καὶ νοῦ; πῇ δὴ οὗτοι εὐδαιμονέστατοι; ὅτι τούτους εἰκός ἐστιν εἰς τοιοῦτον πάλιν ἀφικνεῖσθαι πολιτικὸν καὶ ἥμερον γένος, ἤ που μελιττῶν ἢ σφηκῶν ἢ μυρμήκων, καὶ εἰς ταὐτόν γε πάλιν τὸ ἀνθρώπινον γένος, καὶ γίγνεσθαι ἐξ αὐτῶν ἄνδρας μετρίους. εἰκός. εἰς δέ γε θεῶν γένος μὴ φιλοσοφήσαντι καὶ παντελῶς καθαρῷ ἀπιόντι οὐ θέμις ἀφικνεῖσθαι ἀλλ’ ἢ τῷ φιλομαθεῖ.
““Or do you not think so?”” ““Most certainly what you say is likely.”” ““And those who have preferred injustice, tyranny, and plunder enter into the species of wolves, hawks, and kites; or where else should we say such souls go?”” ““Without doubt,” said Kebes, “into such.”” ““Then,” he said, “is it not clear where each of the others also would go according to the similarities of their practices?”” ““Clear indeed,” he said, “how could it not be?”” ““Then,” he said, “are not the happiest among these, and those who go to the best place, those who have practiced the popular and social virtue, which they call temperance and justice, which has arisen from habit and practice without philosophy and intellect?”” ““In what way are these the happiest?”” ““Because it is likely that these enter again into some such social and gentle species, perhaps of bees or wasps or ants, or even back into the same human species, and that moderate men are born from them.”” ““Likely.”” ““But to arrive at the species of gods is not permitted to anyone who has not practiced philosophy and departed entirely pure, but only to the lover of learning.
ἀλλὰ τούτων ἕνεκα, ὦ ἑταῖρε Σιμμία τε καὶ Κέβης, οἱ ὀρθῶς φιλόσοφοι ἀπέχονται τῶν κατὰ τὸ σῶμα ἐπιθυμιῶν ἁπασῶν καὶ καρτεροῦσι καὶ οὐ παραδιδόασιν αὐταῖς ἑαυτούς, οὔ τι οἰκοφθορίαν τε καὶ πενίαν φοβούμενοι, ὥσπερ οἱ πολλοὶ καὶ φιλοχρήματοι· οὐδὲ αὖ ἀτιμίαν τε καὶ ἀδοξίαν μοχθηρίας δεδιότες, ὥσπερ οἱ φίλαρχοί τε καὶ φιλότιμοι, ἔπειτα ἀπέχονται αὐτῶν. οὐ γὰρ ἂν πρέποι, ἔφη, ὦ Σώκρατες, ὁ Κέβης. οὐ μέντοι μὰ Δία, ἦ δ’ ὅς. τοιγάρτοι τούτοις μὲν ἅπασιν, ὦ Κέβης, ἐκεῖνοι οἷς τι μέλει τῆς ἑαυτῶν ψυχῆς ἀλλὰ μὴ σώματι πλάττοντες ζῶσι, χαίρειν εἰπόντες, οὐ κατὰ ταὐτὰ πορεύονται αὐτοῖς ὡς οὐκ εἰδόσιν ὅπῃ ἔρχονται, αὐτοὶ δὲ ἡγούμενοι οὐ δεῖν ἐναντία τῇ φιλοσοφίᾳ πράττειν καὶ τῇ ἐκείνης λύσει τε καὶ καθαρμῷ ταύτῃ δὴ τρέπονται ἐκείνῃ ἑπόμενοι, ᾗ ἐκείνη ὑφηγεῖται. πῶς, ὦ Σώκρατες; ἐγὼ ἐρῶ, ἔφη. γιγνώσκουσι γάρ, ἦ δ᾽ ὅς, οἱ φιλομαθεῖς ὅτι παραλαβοῦσα αὐτῶν τὴν ψυχὴν ἡ φιλοσοφία ἀτεχνῶς διαδεδεμένην ἐν τῷ σώματι καὶ προσκεκολλημένην, ἀναγκαζομένην δὲ ὥσπερ διὰ εἱργμοῦ διὰ τούτου σκοπεῖσθαι τὰ ὄντα ἀλλὰ μὴ αὐτὴν δι’ αὑτῆς, καὶ ἐν πάσῃ ἀμαθίᾳ κυλινδουμένην, καὶ τοῦ εἱργμοῦ τὴν δεινότητα κατιδοῦσα ὅτι δι’ ἐπιθυμίας ἐστίν, ὡς ἂν μάλιστα αὐτὸς ὁ δεδεμένος συλλήπτωρ εἴη τοῦ δεδέσθαι,
But for the sake of these things, my friends Simmias and Kebes, those who are rightly philosophers abstain from all bodily desires and stand firm and do not surrender themselves to them, not because they fear the ruin of their household and poverty, like the many and the lovers of money;” ““nor again fearing dishonor and bad reputation for wickedness, like the lovers of power and honor, do they then abstain from them.”” ““For indeed that would not be fitting, Socrates,” said Kebes.” ““No indeed, by Zeus,” he said. “Therefore, Kebes, all those who care at all for their own soul, and do not live fashioning the body, bid farewell to all these, and do not go the same way as those who do not know where they are going, but believing that they must not act contrary to philosophy and its release and purification, they turn in this direction, following where she leads.”” ““How, Socrates?”” ““I will tell you,” he said. “For,” he said, “the lovers of learning know that philosophy, taking over their soul which was literally bound fast in the body and glued to it, and forced to view the things that are not by itself through itself but through this as if through a prison, and rolling about in all ignorance,”” ““and having perceived the dreadfulness of the prison, that it is due to desire, so that the bound person himself would be the chief accomplice in his being bound,””