§109ΦΑΙΔ. ἀλλ᾽, ἔφη ὁ Σιμμίας, καὶ ταῦτα ἀρκεῖ.
PHAEDO.
πέπεισμαι τοίνυν, ἦ δ’ ὅς, ἐγὼ ὡς πρῶτον μέν, εἰ ἔστιν ἐν μέσῳ τῷ οὐρανῷ περιφερὴς οὖσα, μηδὲν αὐτῇ δεῖν μήτε ἀέρος πρὸς τὸ μὴ πεσεῖν μήτε ἄλλης ἀνάγκης μηδεμιᾶς τοιαύτης, ἀλλὰ ἱκανὴν εἶναι αὐτὴν ἴσχειν τὴν ὁμοιότητα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ αὐτοῦ ἑαυτῷ πάντῃ καὶ τῆς γῆς αὐτῆς τὴν ἰσορροπίαν· ἰσόρροπον γὰρ πρᾶγμα ὁμοίου τινὸς ἐν μέσῳ τεθὲν οὐχ ἕξει μᾶλλον οὐδ’ ἧττον οὐδαμόσε κλιθῆναι, ὁμοίως δ’ ἔχον ἀκλινὲς μενεῖ.
"But," said Simmias, "even this is enough." "I am persuaded, then," he said, "firstly, that if it is in the middle of the heaven, being spherical, it has no need either of air to prevent it from falling, or of any other such necessity, but that the uniformity of the heaven itself with itself in every direction and the equilibrium of the earth itself are sufficient to hold it; for an object in equilibrium, placed in the middle of something uniform, will have no reason to incline more or less in any direction, but being in a uniform state will remain without inclining.
πρῶτον μὲν τοίνυν, ἦ δ’ ὅς, τοῦτο πέπεισμαι. καὶ ὀρθῶς γε, ἔφη ὁ Σιμμίας.
Firstly, then," he said, "I am persuaded of this." "And rightly so," said Simmias.
ἔτι τοίνυν, ἔφη, πάμμεγά τι εἶναι αὐτό, καὶ ἡμᾶς οἰκεῖν τοὺς μέχρι Ἡρακλείων στηλῶν ἀπὸ Φάσιδος ἐν σμικρῷ τινι μορίῳ, ὥσπερ περὶ τέλμα μύρμηκας ἢ βατράχους περὶ τὴν θάλατταν οἰκοῦντας, καὶ ἄλλους ἄλλοθι πολλοὺς ἐν πολλοῖσι τοιούτοις τόποις οἰκεῖν.
"Furthermore, then," he said, "it is something immense, and we dwell from the Pillars of Heracles to the Phasis in some small portion, like ants around a pond or frogs around the sea, dwelling around it, and many others dwell elsewhere in many such places.
εἶναι γὰρ πανταχῇ περὶ τὴν γῆν πολλὰ κοῖλα καὶ παντοδαπὰ καὶ τὰς ἰδέας καὶ τὰ μεγέθη, εἰς ἃ συνερρυηκέναι τό τε ὕδωρ καὶ τὴν ὁμίχλην καὶ τὸν ἀέρα· αὐτὴν δὲ τὴν γῆν καθαρὰν ἐν καθαρῷ κεῖσθαι τῷ οὐρανῷ ἐν ᾧπέρ ἐστι τὰ ἄστρα, ὃν δὴ αἰθέρα ὀνομάζειν τοὺς πολλοὺς τῶν περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα εἰωθότων λέγειν· οὗ δὴ ὑποστάθμην ταῦτα εἶναι καὶ συρρεῖν ἀεὶ εἰς τὰ κοῖλα τῆς γῆς.
For there are everywhere around the earth many hollows of all kinds both in shape and in size, into which water and mist and air have flowed together; but the earth itself lies pure in the pure heaven in which the stars are, which indeed most of those who are accustomed to speak about such things call 'ether'; of which these things are the sediment and always flow together into the hollows of the earth.
ἡμᾶς οὖν οἰκοῦντας ἐν τοῖς κοίλοις αὐτῆς λεληθέναι καὶ οἴεσθαι ἄνω ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς οἰκεῖν, ὥσπερ ἂν εἴ τις ἐν μέσῳ τῷ πυθμένι τοῦ πελάγους οἰκῶν οἴοιτό τε ἐπὶ τῆς θαλάττης οἰκεῖν καὶ διὰ τοῦ ὕδατος ὁρῶν τὸν ἥλιον καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ἄστρα τὴν θάλατταν ἡγοῖτο οὐρανὸν εἶναι, διὰ δὲ βραδυτῆτά τε καὶ ἀσθένειαν μηδεπώποτε ἐπὶ τὰ ἄκρα τῆς θαλάττης ἀφιγμένος μηδὲ ἑωρακὼς εἴη, ἐκδὺς καὶ ἀνακύψας ἐκ τῆς θαλάττης εἰς τὸν ἐνθάδε τόπον, ὅσῳ καθαρώτερος καὶ καλλίων τυγχάνει ὢν τοῦ παρὰ σφίσι, μηδὲ ἄλλου ἀκηκοὼς εἴη τοῦ ἑωρακότος.
We, then, dwelling in its hollows, are unaware of it and think we dwell above upon the earth, just as if someone dwelling in the middle of the bottom of the sea should think he dwells on the surface of the sea, and, seeing the sun and the other stars through the water, should think the sea is the heaven, but because of slowness and weakness had never reached the surface of the sea, nor had seen, rising up and emerging from the sea into this place here, how much purer and more beautiful it happens to be than the one with them, nor had heard from anyone else who had seen it.
ταὐτὸν δὴ τοῦτο καὶ ἡμᾶς πεπονθέναι· οἰκοῦντας γὰρ ἔν τινι κοίλῳ τῆς γῆς οἴεσθαι ἐπάνω αὐτῆς οἰκεῖν, καὶ τὸν ἀέρα οὐρανὸν καλεῖν, ὡς διὰ τούτου οὐρανοῦ ὄντος τὰ ἄστρα χωροῦντα· τὸ δὲ εἶναι ταὐτόν, ὑπ’ ἀσθενείας καὶ βραδυτῆτος οὐχ οἵους τε εἶναι ἡμᾶς διεξελθεῖν ἐπ᾽ ἔσχατον τὸν ἀέρα· ἐπεί, εἴ τις αὐτοῦ ἐπ’ ἄκρα ἔλθοι ἢ πτηνὸς γενόμενος ἀνάπτοιτο, κατιδεῖν ἂν ἀνακύψαντα, ὥσπερ ἐνθάδε οἱ ἐκ τῆς θαλάττης ἰχθύες ἀνακύπτοντες ὁρῶσι τὰ ἐνθάδε, οὕτως ἄν τινα καὶ τὰ ἐκεῖ κατιδεῖν, καὶ εἰ ἡ φύσις ἱκανὴ εἴη ἀνασχέσθαι θεωροῦσα, γνῶναι ἂν ὅτι ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν ὁ ἀληθῶς οὐρανὸς καὶ τὸ ἀληθινὸν φῶς καὶ ἡ ὡς ἀληθῶς γῆ.
This very same thing indeed has happened to us; for dwelling in some hollow of the earth we think we dwell above it, and we call the air heaven, as if this were the heaven through which the stars move; but the truth of the matter is the same, that because of weakness and slowness we are unable to pass through to the limit of the air; since, if anyone should come to its surface or become winged and fly up, he would, emerging, look down and see—just as here the fishes emerging from the sea see the things here—so would someone see the things there, and if his nature were sufficient to endure contemplating them, he would recognize that that is the true heaven and the true light and the truly true earth."