§101ΦΑΙΔ. οὐδὲ σὺ ἄρ’ ἂν ἀποδέχοιο εἴ τίς τινα φαίη ἕτερον ἑτέρου τῇ κεφαλῇ μείζω εἶναι, καὶ τὸν ἐλάττω τῷ αὐτῷ τούτῳ ἐλάττω, ἀλλὰ διαμαρτύροιο ἂν ὅτι σὺ μὲν οὐδὲν ἄλλο λέγεις ἢ ὅτι τὸ μεῖζον πᾶν ἕτερον ἑτέρου οὐδενὶ ἄλλῳ μεῖζόν ἐστιν ἢ μεγέθει, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο μεῖζον, διὰ τὸ μέγεθος, τὸ δὲ ἔλαττον οὐδενὶ ἄλλῳ ἔλαττον ἢ σμικρότητι, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἔλαττον, διὰ τὴν σμικρότητα, φοβούμενος οἶμαι μή τίς σοι ἐναντίος λόγος ἀπαντήσῃ, ἐὰν τῇ κεφαλῇ μείζονά τινα φῇς εἶναι καὶ ἐλάττω, πρῶτον μὲν τῷ αὐτῷ τὸ μεῖζον μεῖζον εἶναι καὶ τὸ ἔλαττον ἔλαττον, ἔπειτα τῇ κεφαλῇ σμικρᾷ οὔσῃ τὸν μείζω μείζω εἶναι, καὶ τοῦτο δὴ τέρας εἶναι, τὸ σμικρῷ τινι μέγαν τινὰ εἶναι·
Socrates: Then you also would not accept it if anyone should say that one person is greater than another by the head, and that the smaller is smaller by this very same thing, but you would protest that you say nothing else than that every greater thing is greater than another by nothing else than greatness, and is greater for this reason, namely, because of greatness, and the smaller is smaller by nothing else than smallness, and for this reason, namely, because of smallness. This, I think, is because you fear that some contradictory argument might confront you if you say that someone is greater and smaller by the head—firstly, that the greater is greater and the smaller is smaller by the same thing, and secondly, that the greater is greater by the head, which is small, and that this indeed is a monstrosity, that someone is great by something small.
ἢ οὐκ ἂν φοβοῖο ταῦτα;
Or would you not fear these things?
καὶ ὁ Κέβης γελάσας, ἔγωγε, ἔφη. οὐκοῦν, ἦ δ’ ὅς, τὰ δέκα τῶν ὀκτὼ δυοῖν πλείω εἶναι, καὶ διὰ ταύτην τὴν αἰτίαν ὑπερβάλλειν, φοβοῖο ἂν λέγειν, ἀλλὰ μὴ πλήθει καὶ διὰ τὸ πλῆθος;
And Cebes, laughing, said, "I certainly would." "Then," he said, "would you not fear to say that ten is more than eight by two, and exceeds for this cause, rather than by multitude and because of multitude?
καὶ τὸ δίπηχυ τοῦ πηχυαίου ἡμίσει μεῖζον εἶναι ἀλλ’ οὐ μεγέθει;
And that the two-cubit is greater than the one-cubit by half, rather than by greatness?
ὁ αὐτὸς γάρ που φόβος. πάνυ γ᾽, ἔφη.
For there is surely the same fear." "Very much so," he said.
τί δέ;
"And what of this?
ἑνὶ ἑνὸς προστεθέντος τὴν πρόσθεσιν αἰτίαν εἶναι τοῦ δύο γενέσθαι ἢ διασχισθέντος τὴν σχίσιν οὐκ εὐλαβοῖο ἂν λέγειν;
When one is added to one, would you not be careful to avoid saying that the addition is the cause of its becoming two, or when it is divided, that the division is the cause?
καὶ μέγα ἂν βοῴης ὅτι οὐκ οἶσθα ἄλλως πως ἕκαστον γιγνόμενον ἢ μετασχὸν τῆς ἰδίας οὐσίας ἑκάστου οὗ ἂν μετάσχῃ, καὶ ἐν τούτοις οὐκ ἔχεις ἄλλην τινὰ αἰτίαν τοῦ δύο γενέσθαι ἀλλ’ ἢ τὴν τῆς δυάδος μετάσχεσιν, καὶ δεῖν τούτου μετασχεῖν τὰ μέλλοντα δύο ἔσεσθαι, καὶ μονάδος ὃ ἂν μέλλῃ ἓν ἔσεσθαι, τὰς δὲ σχίσεις ταύτας καὶ προσθέσεις καὶ τὰς ἄλλας τὰς τοιαύτας κομψείας ἐῴης ἂν χαίρειν, παρεὶς ἀποκρίνασθαι τοῖς σεαυτοῦ σοφωτέροις·
And would you not shout aloud that you do not know of any other way in which each thing comes to be than by participating in the proper essence of each thing in which it participates, and in these cases you have no other cause of its becoming two than participation in the dyad, and that what is going to be two must participate in this, and what is going to be one in the monad, while you would let those divisions and additions and other such clevernesses go, leaving them to be answered by those wiser than yourself?
σὺ δὲ δεδιὼς ἄν, τὸ λεγόμενον, τὴν σαυτοῦ σκιὰν καὶ τὴν ἀπειρίαν, ἐχόμενος ἐκείνου τοῦ ἀσφαλοῦς τῆς ὑποθέσεως, οὕτως ἀποκρίναιο ἄν.
But you, fearing, as the saying goes, your own shadow and your inexperience, holding to that safe point of the hypothesis, would answer in this way.
εἰ δέ τις αὐτῆς τῆς ὑποθέσεως ἔχοιτο, χαίρειν ἐῴης ἂν καὶ οὐκ ἀποκρίναιο ἕως ἂν τὰ ἀπ’ ἐκείνης ὁρμηθέντα σκέψαιο εἴ σοι ἀλλήλοις συμφωνεῖ ἢ διαφωνεῖ·
But if anyone should attack the hypothesis itself, you would let him go and not answer until you have examined whether the consequences starting from it agree or disagree with one another.
ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐκείνης αὐτῆς δέοι σε διδόναι λόγον, ὡσαύτως ἂν διδοίης, ἄλλην αὖ ὑπόθεσιν ὑποθέμενος ἥτις τῶν ἄνωθεν βελτίστη φαίνοιτο, ἕως ἐπί τι ἱκανὸν ἔλθοις, ἅμα δὲ οὐκ ἂν φύροιο ὥσπερ οἱ ἀντιλογικοὶ περί τε τῆς ἀρχῆς διαλεγόμενος καὶ τῶν ἐξ ἐκείνης ὡρμημένων, εἴπερ βούλοιό τι τῶν ὄντων εὑρεῖν;
And when you must give an account of that hypothesis itself, you would give it in the same way, assuming in turn another hypothesis, whichever of those above seemed best, until you came to something sufficient. At the same time, you would not confuse things like the disputers, discussing both the principle and the consequences starting from it, if indeed you wished to find any of the things that exist.
ἐκείνοις μὲν γὰρ ἴσως οὐδὲ εἷς περὶ τούτου λόγος οὐδὲ φροντίς· ἱκανοὶ γὰρ ὑπὸ σοφίας ὁμοῦ πάντα κυκῶντες ὅμως δύνασθαι αὐτοὶ αὑτοῖς ἀρέσκειν·
For to them there is perhaps not a single argument or concern about this; for they are capable, through their wisdom, of mixing everything up together and yet being pleased with themselves.
σὺ δ᾽, εἴπερ εἶ τῶν φιλοσόφων, οἶμαι ἂν ὡς ἐγὼ λέγω ποιοῖς.
But you, if indeed you are one of the philosophers, would, I think, do as I say.