§16Κιρσοὺς δὲ καὶ τὰς ἄλλας ἁπάσας φλέβας εὐρυνομένας ὀνομάζουσιν οἱ παλαιοί.
The ancients named varices (cirsus) and all other dilated veins.
κιρσοὺς δὲ καὶ ταύτας οἱ νεώτεροι καλοῦσιν ἰατροὶ, τὸ ι΄ στοιχεῖον μετὰ τοῦ κ΄ στοιχείου τιθέντες, οὐ καθάπερ οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι.
The newer physicians also call these varices, placing the letter iota after the letter kappa, not as the Athenians do.
γίνονται δὲ καὶ κατὰ τὰ σκέλη κιρσοὶ διὰ ἀῤῥωστίαν τῶν τῇδε φλεβῶν, καὶ μᾶλλον ὅταν αἷμα παχὺ πλεονάζῃ κατὰ τὸ σῶμα.
Varices also occur in the legs because of the weakness of the veins there, and especially when thick blood is excessive in the body.
περιτοναίου δὲ τρωθέντος, ἢ ῥαγέντος, εἶτα μὴ συμφύντος, ὄγκος μαλακὸς γίνεται κατὰ τὸ χωρίον.
When the peritoneum is wounded or ruptured and then does not grow together, a soft tumor occurs in the place.
εἰ δὲ καὶ κατὰ τὸν βουβῶνα γένοιτο, καλοῦσι βουβωνοκήλην.
If this should also occur in the groin, they call it bubonocele.
εἰ δὲ κατὰ τὸν ὀμφαλὸν συμβαίη τοῦτο, καλοῦσιν ἐξομφάλους ἔνιοι τῶν ἰατρῶν τοὺς ᾧδε πάσχοντας.
If this should happen at the navel, some of the physicians call those suffering in this way exomphaloi.
ἔστι δ’ οὐ τοῦ περιτοναίου μόνου οὐδὲν τῶν παθῶν τούτων, ἀλλὰ χρὴ πάντως καὶ τὴν τοῦ μυὸς ἀπονεύρωσιν παθεῖν, ἣν ἐν ταῖς ἀνατομικαῖς ἐγχειρήσεσιν ὁποία τίς ἐστιν ἐδήλωσα. ταυτὶ μὲν οὖν τὰ πάθη τῶν ἐγκαρσίων μυῶν ἐστιν, αἱ δ’ ἐν τῷ βουβῶνι κῆλαι τῶν λοξῶν, ἤτοι ῥηγνυμένης, ἢ ἀνευρυσμένης αὐτῶν τῆς κατὰ τοῦτο τὸ χωρίον ἀπονευρώσεως ἅμα τῷ περιτοναίῳ χιτῶνι.
But none of these conditions is of the peritoneum alone, but it is necessary that the aponeurosis of the muscle also suffer, which I declared what sort of thing it is in "Anatomical Procedures." Therefore, these conditions indeed belong to the transverse muscles, while the celes in the groin belong to the oblique muscles, because of their aponeurosis in this place being either ruptured or dilated along with the peritoneal tunic.
γίγνονται δὲ καὶ ἄλλοι τῶν ταύτῃ χωρίων ὄγκοι, διά τι τῶν ὑποκειμένων σπλάγχνων ἐξαιρόμενον.
Other tumors also occur in these places, because of some of the underlying viscera being raised up.
εἴρηται δὲ καὶ τὰ πάθη τὰ τοὺς ὄγκους αὐτῶν ἐργαζόμενα.
And the conditions producing their tumors have also been spoken of.
φλεγμοναὶ γάρ εἰσι καὶ σκίῤῥοι καὶ ἀποστήματα καὶ ὅσα τοιαῦτα.
For they are inflammations, scirrhi, abscesses, and all such things.
κατὰ δὲ τοὺς ὑδερικοὺς ἀθροίζεται ταύτῃ πλῆθος, ὑδατῶδες μὲν ἐν τοῖς ἀσκίταις, πνευματῶδες δὲ ἐν τοῖς τυμπανίταις, φλεγματῶδες δὲ ἐν τοῖς ἀνὰ σάρκα καὶ λευκοφλεγματίαις ὀνομαζομένοις.
And in hydropic patients a multitude accumulates in this place, watery indeed in those with ascites, windy in those with tympanites, and phlegmatic in those with anasarca and those called leucophlegmatias.
§17Ἤδη δὲ καὶ ἄλλοι τινὲς ὄγκοι τετυχήκασιν ἰδίων ὀνομάτων, οὐδὲν ἐξαίρετον ἔχοντες, οἷον ἐπουλίδες τε καὶ παρουλίδες, καὶ θύμοι, καὶ τἄλλα ὅσα τοιαῦτα σαρκώδη βλαστήματα.
And by now certain other tumors have obtained their own names, having nothing exceptional, such as epulides, parulides, thymuses, and all other such fleshy growths.
καθάπερ γε πάλιν αἱ σταφυλαὶ καὶ τὰ παρίσθμια καὶ αἱ ἀντιάδες οὐκ ἄλλό τι ἢ φλεγμοναί εἰσιν, αἱ μὲν σταφυλαὶ τοῦ γαργαρεῶνος, αἱ δὲ ἀντιάδες τῶν ἐν ἀρχῇ τῆς φάρυγγος ἀντικειμένων ἀλλήλοις ἀδένων, ὥσπερ τὰ παρίσθμια τῶν κατ’ αὐτὴν τὴν φάρυγγα σωμάτων.
Just as indeed, on the other hand, staphyle, paristhmia, and antiades are nothing other than inflammations: staphyle of the uvula, antiades of the glands situated opposite one another at the entrance of the pharynx, just as paristhmia of the bodies along the pharynx itself.
Ἱπποκράτης δ’ ἔοικεν οὐχ ἅπασαν φλεγμονὴν τοῦ κίονος ὀνομάζειν σταφυλὴν, ἀλλ’ ἓν μόνον εἶδος, ἐν ᾧ τὸ πέρας τοῦ γαργαρεῶνος ὁμοιοῦται σταφυλῆς ῥαγί.
And Hippocrates seems to call not every inflammation of the uvula "staphyle," but only one species in which the end of the uvula becomes like a grape-berry.
ἀλλὰ καὶ οἱ πολύποδες, ἤτοι φλεγμονῆς, ἢ φύματος, ἤ τινος βλαστήματος, ἢ ὅπως ἂν ἐθελήσῃ τις ὀνομάζειν, ἐν μυκτῆρσι συνισταμένου ἀποτελοῦνται, φλεγμονώδεις δ’ εἰσὶ καὶ ὑγροὶ διὰ τὸ χωρίον.
Moreover, polyps are also produced by an inflammation, or a phyma, or some growth, or whatever one might wish to name it, being constituted in the nostrils, and they are inflammatory and moist because of the region.
ἐγκανθὶς δὲ καὶ αὕτη παρὰ φύσιν μέν τις ὄγκος ἐν τοῖς μεγάλοις γίνεται κανθοῖς, ἔστι δ’ οὐ τῷ παντὶ γένει παρὰ φύσιν.
And encanthis is also itself an unnatural tumor occurring in the great canthi, yet it is not unnatural to the whole genus.
τὰ δὲ πτερύγια βλαστήματά ἐστι τοῦ ἐπιπεφυκότος ἔξωθεν ὑμένος τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς, ὃς ἀπὸ τοῦ περιοστίου καταφερόμενος ἐπὶ τὴν στεφάνην ἀφικνεῖται.
And pterygia are growths of the membrane covering the eyes from without, which, coming down from the periosteum, reaches the limbus.
τὰ δὲ σταφυλώματα καλούμενα, τὰ μὲν τῇ θέσει μόνῃ, τὰ δὲ τῇ διαθέσει παρὰ φύσιν ἐστὶν, εἴρηται δὲ περὶ τῶν τοιούτων ἁπάντων, ὅσα κατὰ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς συνίσταται πάθη, δι’ ἑτέρου.
And those called staphylomata, some are unnatural in position alone, and others in condition; and about all such conditions as are constituted in the eyes, it has been spoken through another.
καιρὸς οὖν ἤδη παύειν ἐν τῷδε τὸν λόγον, οὐδὲ μιᾶς ἔτι τῶν παρὰ φύσιν ὄγκων ἰδέας ἀῤῥήτου καταλελειμμένης.
Now, therefore, it is time to stop the discourse here, since not even one species of unnatural tumors has been left unspoken.