§12Ὅταν δὲ εἰς σάρκα μέλαινα κατασκήψῃ χολὴ, δακνώδης μὲν οὖσα διαβιβρώσκει τὸ περικείμενον δέρμα, καὶ ἕλκος ἐργάζεται· μετριωτέρα δὲ ὑπάρχουσα, τὸν χωρὶς ἑλκώσεως ἀποτελεῖ καρκῖνον.
When black bile attacks the flesh, being acrid, it ulcerates the surrounding skin and produces an ulcer; but being more moderate, it forms a cancer without ulceration.
εἴρηται δὲ ἔμπροσθεν ὅτι καὶ τὰς φλέβας ἐξαίρει μειζόνως τῶν φλεγμονῶν, ὁποῖόν τε τὸ εἶδος αὐτῶν τῆς χρόας ἐστίν.
And it has been said before that it raises the veins more than inflammations do, and what the appearance of their color is.
οὐ μόνον δὲ τὸ καρκινῶδες ἕλκος, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἄλλα πολλὰ σὺν ὄγκοις τῶν περιεχόντων αὐτὰ συνίσταται σωμάτων, ἔγγονα σύμπαντα κακοχυμίας, ἤτοι πικροχολίας τινὸς, ἢ μελαγχολικῆς, ἢ καί πως ἄλλως ἰώδους τε καὶ μοχθηρᾶς ἐκ διαφθορᾶς μείζονος ὑποτραφείσης.
But not only the cancerous ulcer, but also many other conditions arise with tumors of the bodies surrounding them, all of them offspring of a bad humor, either of a certain bitter bile, or of a black one, or of some other poisonous and wicked corruption nourished from a greater corruption.
§13Ὅσα δὲ ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐπινέμεται καὶ τῶν πέριξ ἅπτεται διαβιβρώσκοντα τὸ περιέχον ὑγιὲς σῶμα, ταῦτα σύμπαντα φαγεδαινικὰ προσαγορεύεται· τὰ δ’ ἐξ ἀμφοῖν σύνθετα, τοῦ τε ἕλκους αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῦ πέριξ ὄγκου, φαγέδαιναν ὀνομάζουσιν.
And all those which spread within them and seize the surrounding parts, eating away the surrounding healthy body, are all addressed as phagedenic; but the composite of both, namely the ulcer itself and the surrounding tumor, they name phagedena.
ἐπινέμεται μὲν οὖν καὶ ὁ ἕρπης ἀναβιβρώσκων τὰ πέριξ, ἀλλ’ ἔστι μόνον τοῦ δέρματος ἕλκωσις, ἡ φαγέδαινα δὲ σὺν τῷ δέρματι καὶ τῶν ὑποκειμένων ἅπτεται.
Now herpes also spreads, eating away the surrounding parts, but it is only an ulceration of the skin, while phagedena, along with the skin, also seizes the underlying tissues.
Χειρώνεια δὲ καὶ Τηλέφεια καλεῖν ἕλκη περιττόν· ἀρκεῖ γὰρ ἅπαντα κοινῇ κακοήθη προσαγορεύειν.
Calling ulcers "Chironean" or "Telephean" is superfluous; for it is sufficient to address them all in common as malignant.
ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἡ ψώρα καὶ ἡ λέπρα μελαγχολικὰ πάθη μόνου τοῦ δέρματος, ὡς εἴγε κᾀν ταῖς φλεψὶ καὶ τῇ σαρκὶ γίγνοιτο, καρκῖνος ὀνομάζεται.
Moreover, psora and lepra are also melancholic affections of the skin alone, since indeed if they should occur in the veins and the flesh, it is named cancer.
§14Μελαγχολικὸν δὲ πάθος καὶ ὁ ἐλέφας ἐστὶ, τὴν μὲν πρώτην γένεσιν ἐξ αἵματος ἴσχων μελαγχολικοῦ, τῷ χρόνῳ δὲ πλείων ἡ μέλαινα γίνεται τοῦ αἵματος, ἡνίκα δυσώδεις εἰσὶ καὶ ἀπεχθεῖς ἰδεῖν, ἐνίοις δὲ αὐτῶν καὶ ἕλκη συμπίπτει.
Elephantiasis is also a melancholic affection, having its first generation indeed from melancholic blood, but in time the black bile becomes more abundant than the blood, when they are foul-smelling and loathsome to look at, and in some of them ulcers also happen.
τοῦτο τὸ πάθος ἀρχόμενον ὀνομάζουσι σατυριασμὸν, ἐπειδὴ τοῖς σατύροις ὅμοιοι γίγνονται τὸ πρόσωπον.
This affection at its beginning they call satyriasis, since they become like satyrs in their face.
ἔνιοι δὲ τὰς κατὰ τοὺς κροτάφους ἐξοχὰς ὀστώδεις οὕτω καλοῦσι.
But some call the bony eminences about the temples so.
γίγνονται δὲ καὶ κατ’ ἄλλα μόρια τοιαῦται τῶν ὀστῶν ἐξοχαὶ, καὶ καλοῦσιν αὐτὰς ἐξοστώσεις ἔνιοι, καθάπερ καὶ τὰς κατὰ φύσιν ἐντάσεις τῶν αἰδοίων μὴ καθισταμένας τινὲς ὀνομάζουσι σατυριασμὸν, τινὲς δὲ πριαπισμόν.
Such bony eminences also occur in other parts, and some call them exostoses, just as some name the unnatural tensions of the genitals that do not subside satyriasis, and others priapism.
§15Ἔστι δὲ καὶ ὁ ἀχὼρ ἕλκος μικρὸν ἐν τῷ δέρματι τῆς κεφαλῆς, εἰκάσαις δὲ αὐτὸ φλέγματος ἁλμυροῦ καὶ νιτρώδους ἔκγονον ὑπάρχειν.
And achor is also a small ulcer on the skin of the head, and one might conjecture it to be the offspring of salty and nitrous phlegm.
ἐκρεῖ γοῦν αὐτοῦ τις ἰχὼρ οὔθ’ ὑδατώδης ἁπλῶς οὔτ’ ἤδη παχὺς ὥσπερ τὸ μέλι, καθάπερ ἐν τοῖς κηρίοις ὀνομαζομένοις.
At any rate, a certain ichor flows from it, neither simply watery nor yet thick like honey, as in those called kerions.
καὶ γὰρ καὶ ταῦτα σὺν ὄγκῳ τινὶ καὶ κατατρήσεσι πλείοσι γίγνεται, μελιτώδους ἐκρέοντος ὑγροῦ.
For indeed these also occur with a certain tumor and multiple perforations, a honey-like fluid flowing out.
μικρὸς δὲ καὶ τούτων ὁ ὄγκος, ἀλλ’ οὐκ εἰς τοσοῦτον εἰς ὅσον ἀχῶρος.
And the tumor of these is also small, but not to such an extent as that of achor.
ἔτι δὲ καὶ τούτων ὄγκοι μικρότεροι παρὰ φύσιν ἐπὶ τοῦ δέρματος γεννῶνται, μυρμηκίαι τε καὶ ἀκροχορδόνες τε καὶ ψύδρακες, ἐπικνυκτίδες τε, ἅπασι γνώριμα πάθη.
Moreover, even smaller unnatural tumors than these are generated on the skin, myrmeciae, acrochordons, psydraces, and epinyctides, affections well known to all.
γνώριμος δ’ οὐχ ἥκιστα καὶ ὁ δοθιήν ἐστιν, ἐπιεικὴς μὲν ὑπάρχων, ὅτε ἐν αὐτῷ μόνῳ συνίσταται τῷ δέρματι, κακοήθης δὲ, ὅταν ἐκ πλείονος ἀνίσχηται βάθους.
And not least well known is the furuncle, which is mild indeed when it is constituted in the skin alone, but malignant when it rises from a greater depth.
ἔοικε γὰρ οὕτως φύματι, καὶ τῇ σκληρότητι μόνον διήνεγκε φύματος ὁ τοιοῦτος δοθιήν.
For thus it resembles a phyma, and such a furuncle differs from a phyma only in its hardness.
ἔστι δ’ ἄμφω τὰ πάθη φλεγμονώδη.
Both of these affections are inflammatory.
καὶ τρίτον ἐπ’ αὐτοῖς ὁ βουβὼν, καὶ τέταρτον ὅπερ ὀνομάζουσιν ἔνιοι φύγεθλον, θερμότητι ἅμα καὶ τάχει γενέσεως ἀφορίζοντες τῶν ἄλλων φυμάτων.
And third after them is bubo, and fourth what some name phygethlon, defining it from other phymas by its heat and at the same time the speed of its generation.
εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ οἱ κατὰ βουβῶνας καὶ μασχάλας μόνας γίνεσθαι φύγεθλα λέγοντες, φλεγμονὰς ὑπάρχοντα τῶν ἀδένων.
And there are also those who say that phygethlons occur only in the groin and the armpits, being inflammations of the glands.
τῶν τῇδε σκιῤῥωθέντων τὸ δὲ πάθος ὀνομάζεται χοιρὰς, ὥσπέρ γε καὶ τῶν ὄρχεων σκιῤῥωθέντων ὄνομα τῷ νοσήματι σαρκοκήλην ἔθεντο, καθάπερ ὅταν ὑγρὸν ὑδατῶδες ἐν τοῖς περὶ τὸν ὄρχιν ἀθροίζηται χιτῶσιν, ὑδροκήλην καλοῦσιν, ἐπιπλοκήλην τε καὶ ἐντεροκήλην, καὶ πρὸς τούτων ἔτι τὸ σύνθετον ἐξ ἀμφοῖν, μᾶλλον τοῦ δέοντος πεπλεγμένον, ἐντεροεπιπλοκήλην, νεωτέρων ἰατρῶν ὄνομα, τῶν καὶ σύμπαντας τοὺς κατὰ τῶν ὄρχεων ὄγκους ὀνομαζόντων κήλας διὰ τοῦ η΄ στοιχείου τῆς πρώτης λεγομένης συλλαβῆς, οὐ διὰ τοῦ α΄, καθάπερ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀθηναίων.
The affection of those indurated here is called choiras, just as indeed when the testicles are indurated they gave the name sarcocele to the disease, just as when a watery fluid accumulates in the tunics around the testicle, they call it hydrocele, and epiplocele, and enterocele, and in addition to these also the compound of both, more tangled than necessary, enteroepiplocele, a name of newer physicians, who also name all tumors of the testicles celes with the letter eta of the first spoken syllable, not with alpha, as by the Athenians.
ὥσπερ δὲ τῶν εἰρημένων ὀνομάτων ἕκαστον ἐνδείκνυται τοῦ μέρους τὸ νόσημα καθ’ οὗ λέγεται, οὕτω καὶ ἡ κιρσοκήλη νεώτερον ὄνομα δηλοῖ τὸ πάθος ἐφ’ οὗ λέλεκται.
And just as each of the mentioned names indicates the disease of the part of which it is spoken, so also cirsocele, a newer name, declares the affection of which it is spoken.