§2#2ἐχρῆν γὰρ, οἶμαι, κᾀνταῦθα σκοπεῖν, ὡς οὐκ ἴσον ἐστὶν, ἢ τὴν ἀρχὴν αὐτὴν τῆς ἐμφύτου θερμασίας παθεῖν, ἤ τι τῶν ὑπ’ αὐτῆς θερμαινομένων.
For we ought, I think, to consider here too that it is not the same thing for the very source of the innate heat to be affected, or one of the things warmed by it.
τὴν μὲν γὰρ ἀεὶ χρὴ θερμὴν ἱκανῶς ὑπάρχειν· καὶ γὰρ ἑαυτὴν καὶ τἄλλα κινεῖ τε ἅμα σφυγματωδῶς καὶ θερμαίνει· τοῖς δὲ ἀπόχρη βραχείας εὐπορεῖν θερμασίας εἰς τὸ διασώζεσθαι.
For the former must always be sufficiently warm; for it both moves itself and other things in a pulsatile manner and warms them at the same time; whereas for the latter it is sufficient to have a small amount of warmth to be preserved.
καὶ τὴν μὲν εἰ στερήσαις τῆς ἐμφύτου θερμασίας, αὐτήν τε ψύξεις καὶ τἄλλα πάντα, ὅσα πρότερον ὑπ’ αὐτῆς ἐθερμαίνετο· τῶν δ’ ἄλλων οὐδὲν στερῆσαι τελέως δυνήσῃ τῆς θερμασίας, κᾂν βρόχοις διαλάβῃς τὰς ἀρτηρίας· διά τε γὰρ τῶν χιτώνων ἐπιῤῥυήσεταί τι, καὶ γὰρ σύμπνουν ἐστὶ καὶ σύῤῥουν ἑαυτῷ πᾶν τὸ σῶμα κατὰ τὸν Ἱπποκράτους λόγον.
And if you were to deprive the former of the innate heat, you will cool both itself and all the other things that were previously warmed by it; but you will not be able to deprive any of the other things completely of warmth, even if you constrict the arteries with ligatures; for something will flow in through their tunics, since the whole body is in agreement and in inflow with itself according to the saying of Hippocrates.
ὥστε, κᾂν μὴ διὰ τῶν ἀρτηριῶν, ἀλλά γε διὰ τῶν ἄλλων καὶ μάλιστα διὰ φλεβῶν τῷ συνεχεῖ τῆς μεταλήψεως εἰς πᾶν μόριον ἐνεχθήσεταί τι τῆς θερμασίας.
So, even if not through the arteries, at least through the other channels and especially through the veins, some of the warmth will be carried into every part by the continuity of transfer.
ἅπαντα οὖν τὰ τοιαῦτα τοῖς φαινομένοις ὁμολογεῖ, καὶ θαυμαστὸν οὐκ ἔτι δόξει τὴν ἀρχὴν τῆς θερμασίας μᾶλλον τῶν ἄλλων βλάπτεσθαι στερηθείσης τῆς ἀναπνοῆς.
Therefore, all such things agree with the phenomena, and it will no longer seem surprising that the source of warmth is harmed more than the other parts when respiration is cut off.
καὶ γὰρ ἐν ταῖς ἰατρικαῖς σικύαις ἡ μὲν φλὸξ ἀπόλλυται παραχρῆμα, μένει δ’ ἄχρι πλέον ἡ θερμασία περί τε τὸν ἐντὸς ἀέρα καὶ κατ’ αὐτὸ τὸ σῶμα, οὐ τραφεῖσα.
For also in medical cupping-glasses, the flame indeed perishes immediately, but the warmth remains for a longer time both in the air within and in the body itself, though not nourished.
οὕτω δὲ κᾀν τοῖς οἴκοις τοῖς ὑπὸ πυρὸς θερμανθεῖσιν θερμασία φαίνεται διαμένουσα, τοῦ πυρὸς ἐσβεσμένου πολλάκις.
And so also in houses warmed by fire, warmth appears to remain, though the fire is often extinguished.
οὐχ ὅμοιον οὖν ἐστι τὸ κατὰ φύσιν τῇ τε καρδίᾳ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις μορίοις· τὴν μὲν γὰρ ζεῖν ἀεὶ χρὴ, τοῖς δ’ ἀρκεῖ τὸ μὴ παντάπασι καταψύχεσθαι.
Therefore, the natural state is not the same for the heart and the other parts; for the former must always boil, whereas for the latter it is sufficient not to be cooled completely.
μάθοις δ’ ἂν ἐναργῶς τὸ λεγόμενον, εἰ γυμνώσαις καρδίαν ζώου, αὐτῆς διελὼν τὸ σκέπασμα, ὃ καλοῦσι περικάρδιον χιτῶνα, χωρὶς τοῦ τὸν ἄλλον θώρακα συντρῆσαι.
And you would learn clearly what is being said, if you were to expose the heart of an animal, cutting through its covering, which they call the pericardial tunic, without perforating the rest of the thorax.
τάχιστα γὰρ ἀποθνήσκει τὸ ζῶον, εἰ καταψύξεις τὴν καρδίαν· εἰ μέντοι θερμὴν φυλάττοις, οὐδὲν πάσχει.
For the animal dies very quickly if you cool the heart; if, however, you keep it warm, it suffers nothing.
ψύξεις μὲν οὖν αὐτὴν ἐν ἀέρι τὴν χειρουργίαν ψυχρῷ ποιούμενος καὶ ψυχρὸν καταῤῥαίνων ὕδωρ· φυλάξεις δὲ ὡς πλείστου θερμὴν διὰ τῶν ἐναντίων.
Now, you will cool it by performing the operation in cold air and sprinkling cold water on it; and you will keep it as warm as possible by the opposite means.
ἀλλ’ εἰ, κατεψυγμένης ἤδη, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο τοῦ ζώου τεθνεῶτος, ἐθέλοις παραχρῆμα τρώσας ὁποτέραν οὖν τῶν κοιλιῶν, καὶ μᾶλλον τὴν ἀριστερὰν, καθεῖναι δάκτυλον εἰς αὐτὴν, αἰσθήσῃ πολλῆς τῆς θερμασίας, καὶ πολύ γε πλέονος, ἢ ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις μορίοις τοῖς κατὰ φύσιν διακειμένοις.
But if, when it has already been cooled and because of this the animal is dead, you should wish immediately to wound either of the ventricles, and preferably the left, and insert a finger into it, you will perceive much warmth, and indeed much more than in the other parts which are in their natural state.
τὸ γὰρ ἴσον μέρος τῆς θερμασίας ἐλάχιστον μὲν τῇ καρδίᾳ, πάμπολυ δὲ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἐστί.
For an equal portion of warmth is very small for the heart, but very great for the other parts.
καὶ τοίνυν, ὅταν μὴ φυλάττηται τοῦτο, τὸ μὲν ἐκ τῆς καρδίας οἷον φλὸξ διαφορεῖται, τὸ δ’ ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις ἄχρι πολλοῦ παραμένει.
And therefore, when this is not preserved, that of the heart is dispersed like a flame, while that in the other parts remains for a long time.
φυλακὴ δὲ ἦν ἐκείνῃ μὲν ἡ ἀναπνοὴ μόνη, τοῖς δ’ ἄλλοις διττή· σφυγμὸς μὲν, οἷον προαναπνοὴ, τό τε ἀπὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἐπιῤῥέον ἐξ ἐπιμέτρου.
And the preservation for the former was respiration alone, but for the others it was twofold: pulsation, as it were a pre-respiration, and what flows in from the source in addition.
κατὰ δύο τοίνυν αἰτίας ἕκαστον τῶν μορίων πλεονεκτεῖ τῆς καρδίας εἰς τὸ μὴ ταχέως βλάπτεσθαι θερμασίας ἐνδείᾳ.
Therefore, for two reasons each of the parts has an advantage over the heart in not being quickly harmed by a lack of warmth.
καὶ γὰρ, ὅτι πλείστης μὲν ἐκείνη χρῄζει, τὰ δ’ ἄλλα βραχείας, καὶ ὅτι τῇ μὲν οὐδαμόθεν ἐπιῤῥεῖ, τοῖς δ’ ἀπ’ ἐκείνης, ἡ μὲν ἑτοίμως ἐξίσταται τοῦ κατὰ φύσιν, τὰ δὲ οὔ.
For both because the former stands in need of the most warmth while the others need little, and because it flows to the former from nowhere while flowing to the others from it, the former readily departs from its natural state, whereas the others do not.