§1.1οἶδα μὲν ὅτι τῆς Ἀγησιλάου ἀρετῆς τε καὶ δόξης οὐ ῥᾴδιον ἄξιον ἔπαινον γράψαι, ὅμως δʼ ἐγχειρητέον.
I know that it is not easy to write a praise worthy of Agesilaus' virtue and glory, yet one must attempt it.
οὐ γὰρ ἂν καλῶς ἔχοι εἰ ὅτι τελέως ἀνὴρ ἀγαθὸς ἐγένετο, διὰ τοῦτο οὐδὲ μειόνων ἂν τυγχάνοι ἐπαίνων.
For it would not be well if, because he became a completely good man, he should for this very reason obtain even less praise.
§1.2περὶ μὲν οὖν εὐγενείας αὐτοῦ τί ἄν τις μεῖζον καὶ κάλλιον εἰπεῖν ἔχοι ἢ ὅτι ἔτι καὶ νῦν τοῖς προγόνοις ὀνομαζομένοις ἀπομνημονεύεται ὁπόστος ἀφʼ Ἡρακλέους ἐγένετο, καὶ τούτοις οὐκ ἰδιώταις ἀλλʼ ἐκ βασιλέων βασιλεῦσιν;
Now concerning his noble birth, what greater and finer thing could anyone say than that even now, when his ancestors are named, it is remembered what generation he was from Heracles, and these ancestors were not private citizens but kings born of kings?
§1.3ἀλλὰ μὴν οὐδὲ ταύτῃ γʼ ἄν τις ἔχοι καταμέμψασθαι αὐτοὺς ὡς βασιλεύουσι μέν, πόλεως δὲ τῆς ἐπιτυχούσης· ἀλλʼ ὥσπερ τὸ γένος αὐτῶν τῆς πατρίδος ἐντιμότατον, οὕτω καὶ ἡ πόλις ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι ἐνδοξοτάτη· ὥστε οὐ δευτέρων πρωτεύουσιν, ἀλλʼ ἡγεμόνων ἡγεμονεύουσιν.
Indeed, neither in this respect could anyone find fault with them, on the ground that although they ruled, it was over a commonplace city; rather, just as their lineage is the most honored in their fatherland, so also is their city the most famous in Greece; so that they do not hold first place among second-rate peoples, but rule over leaders.
§1.4τῇδέ γε μὴν καὶ κοινῇ ἄξιον ἐπαινέσαι τήν τε πατρίδα καὶ τὸ γένος αὐτοῦ· ἥ τε γὰρ πόλις οὐδεπώποτε φθονήσασα τοῦ προτετιμῆσθαι αὐτοὺς ἐπεχείρησε καταλῦσαι τὴν ἀρχὴν αὐτῶν, οἵ τε βασιλεῖς οὐδεπώποτε μειζόνων ὠρέχθησαν ἢ ἐφʼ οἷσπερ ἐξ ἀρχῆς τὴν βασιλείαν παρέλαβον.
In this respect also, it is worthy to praise both his fatherland and his lineage together; for the city never, out of envy for their pre-eminent honor, attempted to overthrow their rule, and the kings never desired more than that upon which they had originally received the kingship.
τοιγαροῦν ἄλλη μὲν οὐδεμία ἀρχὴ φανερά ἐστι διαγεγενημένη ἀδιάσπαστος οὔτε δημοκρατία οὔτε ὀλιγαρχία οὔτε τυραννὶς οὔτε βασιλεία· αὕτη δὲ μόνη διαμένει συνεχὴς βασιλεία.
Therefore, while no other government is clearly known to have continued unbroken—neither democracy, nor oligarchy, nor tyranny, nor kingship—this kingship alone remains continuous.
§1.5ὥς γε μὴν καὶ πρὶν ἄρξαι ἄξιος τῆς βασιλείας ἐδόκει εἶναι Ἀγησίλαος τάδε τὰ σημεῖα.
Furthermore, that Agesilaus seemed worthy of the kingship even before he ruled, there are the following signs.
ἐπεὶ γὰρ Ἆγις βασιλεὺς ὢν ἐτελεύτησεν, ἐρισάντων περὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς Λεωτυχίδα μὲν ὡς Ἄγιδος ὄντος υἱοῦ, Ἀγησιλάου δὲ ὡς Ἀρχιδάμου, κρίνασα ἡ πόλις ἀνεπικλητότερον εἶναι Ἀγησίλαον καὶ τῷ γένει καὶ τῇ ἀρετῇ τοῦτον ἐστήσατο βασιλέα.
For when Agis died while being king, and Leotychides disputed for the rule on the ground of being Agis' son, and Agesilaus on the ground of being Archidamus' son, the city, judging Agesilaus to be more blameless both in lineage and in virtue, established him as king.
καίτοι τὸ ἐν τῇ κρατίστῃ πόλει ὑπὸ τῶν ἀρίστων κριθέντα τοῦ καλλίστου γέρως ἀξιωθῆναι ποίων ἔτι τεκμηρίων προσδεῖται τῆς γε πρὶν ἄρξαι αὐτὸν ἀρετῆς;
And yet, for one who was judged by the best men in the most powerful city to be deemed worthy of the finest honor, what further proofs does he need of his virtue, at least before he ruled?
§1.6ὅσα γε μὴν ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ διεπράξατο νῦν ἤδη διηγήσομαι· ἀπὸ γὰρ τῶν ἔργων καὶ τοὺς τρόπους αὐτοῦ κάλλιστα νομίζω καταδήλους ἔσεσθαι.
Indeed, what things he accomplished during his kingship I will now relate; for from his deeds I believe his character also will become most clearly manifest.
Ἀγησίλαος τοίνυν ἔτι μὲν νέος ὢν ἔτυχε τῆς βασιλείας· ἄρτι δὲ ὄντος αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ, ἐξηγγέλθη βασιλεὺς ὁ Περσῶν ἁθροίζων καὶ ναυτικὸν καὶ πεζὸν πολὺ στράτευμα ὡς ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἕλληνας·
Now, Agesilaus happened to obtain the kingship while still young; and when he was newly in his rule, it was reported that the king of the Persians was assembling a great force, both naval and land, as if against the Greeks.
§1.7βουλευομένων δὲ περὶ τούτων Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ τῶν συμμάχων, Ἀγησίλαος ὑπέστη, ἐὰν δῶσιν αὐτῷ τριάκοντα μὲν Σπαρτιατῶν, δισχιλίους δὲ νεοδαμώδεις, εἰς ἑξακισχιλίους δὲ τὸ σύνταγμα τῶν συμμάχων, διαβήσεσθαι εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν καὶ πειράσεσθαι εἰρήνην ποιῆσαι, ἢ ἂν πολεμεῖν βούληται ὁ βάρβαρος, ἀσχολίαν αὐτῷ παρέξειν στρατεύειν ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἕλληνας.
While the Lacedaemonians and their allies were deliberating about these matters, Agesilaus undertook, if they would give him thirty Spartans, two thousand emancipated Helots, and a contingent of allies up to six thousand, to cross over into Asia and try to make peace, or, if the barbarian wished to wage war, to keep him too occupied to march against the Greeks.
§1.8εὐθὺς μὲν οὖν πολλοὶ πάνυ ἠγάσθησαν αὐτὸ τοῦτο τὸ ἐπιθυμῆσαι, ἐπειδὴ ὁ Πέρσης πρόσθεν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα διέβη, ἀντιδιαβῆναι ἐπʼ αὐτόν, τό τε αἱρεῖσθαι ἐπιόντα μᾶλλον ἢ ὑπομένοντα μάχεσθαι αὐτῷ, καὶ τὸ τἀκείνου δαπανῶντα βούλεσθαι μᾶλλον ἢ τὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων πολεμεῖν, κάλλιστον δὲ πάντων ἐκρίνετο τὸ μὴ περὶ τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἀλλὰ περὶ τῆς Ἀσίας τὸν ἀγῶνα καθιστάναι.
Straightway, therefore, very many admired this very desire—to cross over against the Persian in turn, since he had previously crossed over against Greece—and also his choosing to fight him by attacking rather than by waiting, and his wishing to wage war by spending the enemy's resources rather than those of the Greeks; but finest of all was judged the fact of establishing the contest not for Greece but for Asia.
§1.9ἐπεί γε μὴν λαβὼν τὸ στράτευμα ἐξέπλευσε, πῶς ἄν τις σαφέστερον ἐπιδείξειεν ὡς ἐστρατήγησεν ἢ εἰ αὐτὰ διηγήσαιτο ἃ ἔπραξεν;
Indeed, when he had taken the army and sailed forth, how could anyone show more clearly how he commanded than by relating the very things he did?
§1.10ἐν τοίνυν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ ἥδε πρώτη πρᾶξις ἐγένετο.
Now in Asia this first action took place.
Τισσαφέρνης μὲν ὤμοσεν Ἀγησιλάῳ, εἰ σπείσαιτο ἕως ἔλθοιεν οὓς πέμψειε πρὸς βασιλέα ἀγγέλους, διαπράξεσθαι αὐτῷ ἀφεθῆναι αὐτονόμους τὰς ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ πόλεις Ἑλληνίδας, Ἀγησίλαος δὲ ἀντώμοσε σπονδὰς ἄξειν ἀδόλως, ὁρισάμενος τῆς πράξεως τρεῖς μῆνας.
Tissaphernes swore to Agesilaus that, if he would make a truce until the messengers whom he sent to the King should return, he would negotiate that the Greek cities in Asia be left autonomous; and Agesilaus swore in return that he would observe the treaty without guile, setting a period of three months for the transaction.
§1.11ὁ μὲν δὴ Τισσαφέρνης ἃ ὤμοσεν εὐθὺς ἐψεύσατο· ἀντὶ γὰρ τοῦ εἰρήνην πράττειν στράτευμα πολὺ παρὰ βασιλέως πρὸς ᾧ πρόσθεν εἶχε μετεπέμπετο.
Tissaphernes indeed straightway lied about his oaths; for instead of negotiating peace, he sent for a large army from the King in addition to the one he previously had.
Ἀγησίλαος δὲ καίπερ αἰσθόμενος ταῦτα ὅμως ἐνέμεινε ταῖς σπονδαῖς.
But Agesilaus, although he perceived this, nevertheless remained faithful to the treaty.