New Testament · 2 Peter §2.1-2.22
Warning against False Teachers and Past Judgments
Summary
The author sternly warns against the deception and moral corruption of the false teachers to come, recalling God's past judgments on the ungodly (fallen angels, the ancient world, and Sodom and Gomorrah) and His deliverance of the righteous (Noah and Lot). He emphasizes that the final state of those who apostatize after knowing the way of righteousness is far worse than their initial ignorance.
§2.1Ἐγένοντο δὲ καὶ ψευδοπροφῆται ἐν τῷ λαῷ, ὡς καὶ ἐν ὑμῖν ἔσονται ψευδοδιδάσκαλοι, οἵτινες παρεισάξουσιν αἱρέσεις ἀπωλείας, καὶ τὸν ἀγοράσαντα αὐτοὺς δεσπότην ἀρνούμενοι, ἐπάγοντες ἑαυτοῖς ταχινὴν ἀπώλειαν·
But false prophets also arose among the people, just as there will be false teachers among you, who will secretly bring in destructive heresies, even denying the Master who bought them, bringing upon themselves swift destruction.
§2.2καὶ πολλοὶ ἐξακολουθήσουσιν αὐτῶν ταῖς ἀσελγείαις, διʼ οὓς ἡ ὁδὸς τῆς ἀληθείας βλασφημηθήσεται·
And many will follow their sensuality, and because of them the way of truth will be blasphed.
§2.3καὶ ἐν πλεονεξίᾳ πλαστοῖς λόγοις ὑμᾶς ἐμπορεύσονται·
And in their greed they will exploit you with false words.
οἷς τὸ κρίμα ἔκπαλαι οὐκ ἀργεῖ, καὶ ἡ ἀπώλεια αὐτῶν οὐ νυστάζει.
Their condemnation from of old has not been idle, and their destruction has not been asleep.
§2.4εἰ γὰρ ὁ θεὸς ἀγγέλων ἁμαρτησάντων οὐκ ἐφείσατο, ἀλλὰ σειροῖς ζόφου ταρταρώσας παρέδωκεν εἰς κρίσιν τηρουμένους, §2.5καὶ ἀρχαίου κόσμου οὐκ ἐφείσατο, ἀλλὰ ὄγδοον Νῶε δικαιοσύνης κήρυκα ἐφύλαξεν, κατακλυσμὸν κόσμῳ ἀσεβῶν ἐπάξας, §2.6καὶ πόλεις Σοδόμων καὶ Γομόρρας τεφρώσας κατέκρινεν, ὑπόδειγμα μελλόντων ἀσεβέσιν τεθεικώς, §2.7καὶ δίκαιον Λὼτ καταπονούμενον ὑπὸ τῆς τῶν ἀθέσμων ἐν ἀσελγείᾳ ἀναστροφῆς ἐρύσατο,— §2.8βλέμματι γὰρ καὶ ἀκοῇ δίκαιος ἐνκατοικῶν ἐν αὐτοῖς ἡμέραν ἐξ ἡμέρας ψυχὴν δικαίαν ἀνόμοις ἔργοις ἐβασάνιζεν,— §2.9οἶδεν Κύριος εὐσεβεῖς ἐκ πειρασμοῦ ῥύεσθαι, ἀδίκους δὲ εἰς ἡμέραν κρίσεως κολαζομένους τηρεῖν, §2.10μάλιστα δὲ τοὺς ὀπίσω σαρκὸς ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ μιασμοῦ πορευομένους καὶ κυριότητος καταφρονοῦντας.
For if God did not spare angels when they sinned, but cast them into hell and committed them to chains of gloomy darkness to be kept until the judgment; and did not spare the ancient world, but preserved Noah, a herald of righteousness, with seven others, when he brought a flood upon the world of the ungodly; and if he condemned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah by burning them to ashes, making them an example of what is going to happen to the ungodly; and if he rescued righteous Lot, greatly distressed by the sensual conduct of the wicked— (for as that righteous man lived among them day after day, he was tormenting his righteous soul over their lawless deeds that he saw and heard)— then the Lord knows how to rescue the godly from trials, and to keep the unrighteous under punishment until the day of judgment, and especially those who indulge in the lust of defiling passion and despise authority.
τολμηταί, αὐθάδεις, δόξας οὐ τρέμουσιν, βλασφημοῦντες, §2.11ὅπου ἄγγελοι ἰσχύϊ καὶ δυνάμει μείζονες ὄντες οὐ φέρουσιν κατʼ αὐτῶν [παρὰ Κυρίῳ] βλάσφημον κρίσιν.
Bold and willful, they do not tremble as they blaspheme the glorious ones, whereas angels, though greater in might and power, do not pronounce a blasphemous judgment against them before the Lord.
§2.12οὗτοι δέ, ὡς ἄλογα ζῷα γεγεννημένα φυσικὰ εἰς ἅλωσιν καὶ φθοράν, ἐν οἷς ἀγνοοῦσιν βλασφημοῦντες, ἐν τῇ φθορᾷ αὐτῶν καὶ φθαρήσονται, ἀδικούμενοι μισθὸν ἀδικίας·
But these, like irrational animals, creatures of instinct, born to be caught and destroyed, blaspheming about matters of which they are ignorant, will also be destroyed in their destruction, suffering wrong as the wage of their unrighteousness.
§2.13ἡδονὴν ἡγούμενοι τὴν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τρυφήν, σπίλοι καὶ μῶμοι ἐντρυφῶντες ἐν ταῖς ἀπάταις αὐτῶν συνευωχούμενοι ὑμῖν,
They count it pleasure to revel in the daytime. They are blots and blemishes, reveling in their deceptions, while they feast with you.
§2.14ὀφθαλμοὺς ἔχοντες μεστοὺς μοιχαλίδος καὶ ἀκαταπάστους ἁμαρτίας, δελεάζοντες ψυχὰς ἀστηρίκτους, καρδίαν γεγυμνασμένην πλεονεξίας ἔχοντες, κατάρας τέκνα,
They have eyes full of adultery, insatiable for sin. They entice unsteady souls. They have hearts trained in greed. Accursed children!
§2.15καταλείποντες εὐθεῖαν ὁδὸν ἐπλανήθησαν, ἐξακολουθήσαντες τῇ ὁδῷ τοῦ Βαλαὰμ τοῦ Βεὼρ ὃς μισθὸν ἀδικίας ἠγάπησεν §2.16ἔλεγξιν δὲ ἔσχεν ἰδίας παρανομίας· ὑποζύγιον ἄφωνον ἐν ἀνθρώπου φωνῇ φθεγξάμενον ἐκώλυσεν τὴν τοῦ προφήτου παραφρονίαν.
Forsaking the right way, they have gone astray. They have followed the way of Balaam, the son of Beor, who loved gain from wrongdoing, but was rebuked for his own transgression; a speechless donkey spoke with human voice and restrained the prophet's madness.
§2.17οὗτοί εἰσιν πηγαὶ ἄνυδροι καὶ ὁμίχλαι ὑπὸ λαίλαπος ἐλαυνόμεναι, οἷς ὁ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους τετήρηται.
These are waterless springs and mists driven by a storm. For them the gloom of utter darkness has been reserved.
§2.18ὑπέρογκα γὰρ ματαιότητος φθεγγόμενοι δελεάζουσιν ἐν ἐπιθυμίαις σαρκὸς ἀσελγείαις τοὺς ὀλίγως ἀποφεύγοντας τοὺς ἐν πλάνῃ ἀναστρεφομένους,
For, speaking loud boasts of folly, they entice by sensual passions of the flesh those who are barely escaping from those who live in error.
§2.19ἐλευθερίαν αὐτοῖς ἐπαγγελλόμενοι, αὐτοὶ δοῦλοι ὑπάρχοντες τῆς φθορᾶς·
They promise them freedom, but they themselves are slaves of corruption.
ᾧ γάρ τις ἥττηται, τούτῳ δεδούλωται.
For whatever overcomes a person, to that he is enslaved.
§2.20εἰ γὰρ ἀποφυγόντες τὰ μιάσματα τοῦ κόσμου ἐν ἐπιγνώσει τοῦ κυρίου καὶ σωτῆρος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τούτοις δὲ πάλιν ἐμπλακέντες ἡττῶνται, γέγονεν αὐτοῖς τὰ ἔσχατα χείρονα τῶν πρώτων.
For if, after they have escaped the defilements of the world through the knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, they are again entangled in them and overcome, the last state has become worse for them than the first.
§2.21κρεῖττον γὰρ ἦν αὐτοῖς μὴ ἐπεγνωκέναι τὴν ὁδὸν τῆς δικαιοσύνης ἢ ἐπιγνοῦσιν ὑποστρέψαι ἐκ τῆς παραδοθείσης αὐτοῖς ἁγίας ἐντολῆς·
For it would have been better for them never to have known the way of righteousness than after knowing it to turn back from the holy commandment delivered to them.
§2.22συμβέβηκεν αὐτοῖς τὸ τῆς ἀληθοῦς παροιμίας
"Κύων ἐπιστρέψας ἐπὶ τὸ ἴδιον ἐξέραμα,"
καί Ὗς λουσαμένη εἰς κυλισμὸν βορβόρου.
What the true proverb says has happened to them: "The dog returns to its own vomit," and, "The sow, after washing herself, returns to wallow in the mire."
Notes
- 2.4εἰ γὰρ ... οἶδεν Κύριος — The conditional clause introduced by εἰ γὰρ (for if) in 2.4 spans across the historical examples of 2.5 (the ancient world) and 2.6-2.7 (Sodom and Gomorrah, and the rescue of Lot). The corresponding apodosis (main clause) is finally introduced in 2.9 by οἶδεν Κύριος (the Lord knows). The entire section forms a single, massive conditional sentence illustrating that past historical judgments guarantee the certainty of future deliverance and punishment.
- 2.12ἀδικούμενοι μισθὸν ἀδικίας — The participle ἀδικούμενοι (suffering wrong or harm) is the present middle (or passive) participle of ἀδικέω. It takes the accusative μισθὸν ἀδικίας (the wage of unrighteousness) as an object or accusative of respect, meaning 'suffering harm as the wage of unrighteousness.' Some manuscripts read the future active participle κομιούμενοι ('about to receive'), which is likely a scribal emendation to smooth out the difficult grammar of the original reading into a simpler 'receiving the wage of unrighteousness.'
- 2.22Ὗς λουσαμένη εἰς κυλισμὸν βορβόρου — While coordinated with the first proverb ('the dog returns...'), the second part ('the sow...') lacks a finite verb or a primary participle. A verb meaning 'to return' (such as the feminine singular participle ἐπιστρέψασα) must be supplied from the context of the first proverb. The preposition εἰς indicates direction or destination, signifying 'returning (after washing) to her wallowing in the mire.'
Cite this passage
New Testament, 2 Peter §2.1-2.22. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0031.tlg022.humanitext-grc2:2.1-2.22
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