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Hesiod · Theogony §939-1022

Goddesses Who Bore Children to Mortal Men

Passage 14 of 14 · Greek

Summary

Hesiod concludes the genealogy of divine unions, giving greetings to the Olympian gods, and shifts his focus to the famous offspring of immortal goddesses who coupled with mortal men, leading to the final invocation to sing of the race of mortal women.

§939κήρυκʼ ἀθανάτων, ἱερὸν λέχος εἰσαναβᾶσα.
having ascended her sacred bed, she bore the messenger of the immortals.
§940Καδμείη δʼ ἄρα οἱ Σεμέλη τέκε φαίδιμον υἱὸν §941μιχθεῖσʼ ἐν φιλότητι, Διώνυσον πολυγηθέα, §942ἀθάνατον θνητή· νῦν δʼ ἀμφότεροι θεοί εἰσιν.
And Semele, daughter of Cadmus, bore him a glorious son, having joined in love, joyful Dionysus, a mortal woman bearing an immortal; but now both are gods.
§943Ἀλκμήνη δʼ ἄρʼ ἔτικτε βίην Ἡρακληείην §944μιχθεῖσʼ ἐν φιλότητι Διὸς νεφεληγερέταο.
And Alcmene bore the mighty Heracles, having joined in love with cloud-gathering Zeus.
§945ἀγλαΐην δʼ Ἥφαιστος, ἀγακλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις, §946ὁπλοτάτην Χαρίτων θαλερὴν ποιήσατʼ ἄκοιτιν.
And Hephaestus, the very famous lame one, made Aglaia, the youngest of the Charites, his blooming wife.
§947χρυσοκόμης δὲ Διώνυσος ξανθὴν Ἀριάδνην, §948κούρην Μίνωος, θαλερὴν ποιήσατʼ ἄκοιτιν. §949τὴν δέ οἱ ἀθάνατον καὶ ἀγήρω θῆκε Κρονίων.
And golden-haired Dionysus made blonde Ariadne, daughter of Minos, his blooming wife; and the son of Cronus made her immortal and ageless for him.
§950ἥβην δʼ Ἀλκμήνης καλλισφύρου ἄλκιμος υἱός, §951ἲς Ἡρακλῆος, τελέσας στονόεντας ἀέθλους, §952παῖδα Διὸς μεγάλοιο καὶ Ἥρης χρυσοπεδίλου, §953αἰδοίην θέτʼ ἄκοιτιν ἐν Οὐλύμπῳ νιφόεντι, §954ὄλβιος, ὃς μέγα ἔργον ἐν ἀθανάτοισιν ἀνύσσας §955ναίει ἀπήμαντος καὶ ἀγήραος ἤματα πάντα.
And the brave son of beautiful-ankled Alcmene, the mighty Heracles, having finished his grievous labors, made the daughter of great Zeus and golden-sandaled Hera, august Hebe, his wife on snowy Olympus— happy man, who having accomplished a great work among the immortals, dwells unharmed and ageless for all days.
§956ἠελίῳ δʼ ἀκάμαντι τέκεν κλυτὸς Ὠκεανίνη §957Περσηὶς Κίρκην τε καὶ Αἰήτην βασιλῆα.
And to the unwearied Sun, the famous daughter of Ocean, Perseis, bore Circe and king Aeetes.
§958Αἰήτης δʼ υἱὸς φαεσιμβρότου Ἠελίοιο §959κούρην Ὠκεανοῖο τελήεντος ποταμοῖο §960γῆμε θεῶν βουλῇσιν Ἰδυῖαν καλλιπάρῃον.
And Aeetes, son of the Sun who brings light to mortals, married, by the counsels of the gods, the fair-cheeked Idyia, daughter of Ocean, the perfect river.
§961ἣ δέ οἱ Μήδειαν ἐύσφυρον ἐν φιλότητι §962γείναθʼ ὑποδμηθεῖσα διὰ χρυσέην Ἀφροδίτην.
And she bore him beautiful-ankled Medea, having been subdued in love through golden Aphrodite.
§963ὑμεῖς μὲν νῦν χαίρετʼ, Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχοντες, §964νῆσοί τʼ ἤπειροί τε καὶ ἁλμυρὸς ἔνδοθι πόντος.
And now farewell, you who hold Olympian homes, and islands, and continents, and the salty sea within.
§965νῦν δὲ θεάων φῦλον ἀείσατε, ἡδυέπειαι §966Μοῦσαι Ὀλυμπιάδες, κοῦραι Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο, §967ὅσσαι δὴ θνητοῖσι παρʼ ἀνδράσιν εὐνηθεῖσαι §968ἀθάναται γείναντο θεοῖς ἐπιείκελα τέκνα.
But now sing of the race of goddesses, sweet-speaking Muses of Olympus, daughters of aegis-bearing Zeus, as many as, having lain with mortal men, being immortal, bore children like unto gods.
§969Δημήτηρ μὲν Πλοῦτον ἐγείνατο, δῖα θεάων, §970Ἰασίωνʼ ἥρωι μιγεῖσʼ ἐρατῇ φιλότητι §971νειῷ ἔνι τριπόλῳ, Κρήτης ἐν πίονι δήμῳ, §972ἐσθλόν, ὃς εἶσʼ ἐπὶ γῆν τε καὶ εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάσσης §973πάντη· τῷ δὲ τυχόντι καὶ οὗ κʼ ἐς χεῖρας ἵκηται, §974τὸν δʼ ἀφνειὸν ἔθηκε, πολὺν δέ οἱ ὤπασεν ὄλβον.
Demeter, divine among goddesses, bore Plutus, having joined in lovely love with the hero Iasion in a thrice-plowed fallow land, in the rich land of Crete— a good god, who goes over the earth and the wide back of the sea everywhere; and to him who meets him and into whose hands he comes, him he makes wealthy, and bestows much prosperity upon him.
§975Κάδμῳ δʼ Ἁρμονίη, θυγάτηρ χρυσέης Ἀφροδιτης, §976Ἰνὼ καὶ Σεμέλην καὶ Ἀγαυὴν καλλιπάρῃον §977Αὐτονόην θʼ, ἣν γῆμεν Ἀρισταῖος βαθυχαίτης, §978γείνατο καὶ Πολύδωρον ἐυστεφάνῳ ἐνὶ Θήβῃ.
And to Cadmus, Harmonia, daughter of golden Aphrodite, bore Ino and Semele and fair-cheeked Agave, and Autonoe, whom thick-haired Aristaios married, and Polydorus in well-garlanded Thebes.
§979κούρη δʼ Ὠκεανοῦ, Χρυσάορι καρτεροθύμῳ §980μιχθεῖσʼ ἐν φιλότητι πολυχρύσου Ἀφροδίτης, §981Καλλιρόη τέκε παῖδα βροτῶν κάρτιστον ἁπάντων, §982Γηρυονέα, τὸν κτεῖνε βίη Ἡρακληείη §983βοῶν ἕνεκʼ εἰλιπόδων ἀμφιρρύτῳ εἰν Ἐρυθείῃ.
And Callirhoe, daughter of Ocean, having joined with strong-hearted Chrysaor in love of golden Aphrodite, bore a son, strongest of all mortals, Geryones, whom the mighty Heracles slew for the sake of his shambling cattle in stream-washed Erytheia.
§984Τιθωνῷ δʼ Ἠὼς τέκε Μέμνονα χαλκοκορυστήν, §985Αἰθιόπων βασιλῆα, καὶ Ἠμαθίωνα ἄνακτα.
And to Tithonus, Dawn bore bronze-helmed Memnon, king of the Ethiopians, and lord Emathion.
§986αὐτὰρ ὑπαὶ Κεφάλῳ φιτύσατο φαίδιμον υἱόν, §987ἴφθιμον Φαέθοντα, θεοῖς ἐπιείκελον ἄνδρα.
But to Cephalus she fathered a glorious son, mighty Phaethon, a man like unto the gods.
§988τόν ῥα νέον τέρεν ἄνθος ἔχοντʼ ἐρικυδέος ἥβης §989παῖδʼ ἀταλὰ φρονέοντα φιλομμειδὴς Ἀφροδίτη §990ὦρτʼ ἀναρεψαμένη, καί μιν ζαθέοις ἐνὶ νηοῖς §991νηοπόλον νύχιον ποιήσατο, δαίμονα δῖον.
Him indeed, while he still had the tender flower of glorious youth, a child thinking gentle thoughts, laughter-loving Aphrodite snatched away and went, and in her very sacred temples made him a nightly temple-keeper, a divine spirit.
§992κούρην δʼ Αἰήταο διοτρεφέος βασιλῆος §993Αἰσονίδης βουλῇσι θεῶν αἰειγενετάων §994ἦγε παρʼ Αἰήτεω, τελέσας στονόεντας ἀέθλους, §995τοὺς πολλοὺς ἐπέτελλε μέγας βασιλεὺς ὑπερήνωρ, §996ὑβριστὴς Πελίης καὶ ἀτάσθαλος, ὀβριμοεργός.
And the daughter of Aeetes, the Zeus-nourished king, the son of Aeson, by the counsels of the ever-living gods, led away from Aeetes, having finished the grievous labors which the great, overbearing king, insolent Pelias, outrageous and worker of violence, enjoined upon him.
§997τοὺς τελέσας Ἰαωλκὸν ἀφίκετο, πολλὰ μογήσας, §998ὠκείης ἐπὶ νηὸς ἄγων ἑλικώπιδα κούρην §999Αἰσονίδης, καί μιν θαλερὴν ποιήσατʼ ἄκοιτιν.
Having finished these, he came to Iolcus, after suffering much, bringing on his swift ship the flashing-eyed maiden, the son of Aeson, and made her his blooming wife.
§1000καί ῥʼ ἥ γε δμηθεῖσʼ ὑπʼ Ἰήσονι, ποιμένι λαῶν, §1001Μήδειον τέκε παῖδα, τὸν οὔρεσιν ἔτρεφε Χείρων §1002Φιλυρίδης· μεγάλου δὲ Διὸς νόος ἐξετελεῖτο.
And she indeed, having been subdued by Jason, shepherd of the people, bore a son Medeios, whom Chiron, son of Philyra, reared in the mountains; and the mind of great Zeus was fulfilled.
§1003αὐτὰρ Νηρῆος κοῦραι,· ἁλίοιο γέροντος, §1004ἦ τοι μὲν Φῶκον Ψαμάθη τέκε δῖα θεάων §1005Αἰακοῦ ἐν φιλότητι διὰ χρυσέην Ἀφροδίτην, §1006Πηλέι δὲ δμηθεῖσα θεὰ Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα §1007γείνατʼ Ἀχιλλῆα ῥηξήνορα θυμολέοντα.
And of the daughters of Nereus, the old man of the sea, Psamathe, divine among goddesses, bore Phocus in love of Aeacus through golden Aphrodite, and the silver-footed goddess Thetis, having been subdued by Peleus, bore Achilles, breaker of men, lion-hearted.
§1008Αἰνείαν δʼ ἄρʼ ἔτικτεν ἐυστέφανος Κυθέρεια §1009Ἀγχίσῃ ἥρωι μιγεῖσʼ ἐρατῇ φιλότητι §1010Ἴδης ἐν κορυφῇσι πολυπτύχου ὑληέσσης.
And fair-garlanded Cythereia bore Aeneas, having joined in lovely love with the hero Anchises on the peaks of many-valleyed, woody Ida.
§1011Κίρκη δʼ, Ἠελίου θυγάτηρ Ὑπεριονίδαο, §1012γείνατʼ Ὀδυσσῆος ταλασίφρονος ἐν φιλότητι §1013Ἄγριον ἠδὲ Λατῖνον ἀμύμονά τε κρατερόν τε· §1015οἳ δή τοι μάλα τῆλε μυχῷ νήσων ἱεράων §1016πᾶσιν Τυρσηνοῖσιν ἀγακλειτοῖσιν ἄνασσον.
And Circe, daughter of Sun, son of Hyperion, bore in love of patient-minded Odysseus Agrios and Latinus, blameless and strong; who indeed ruled very far off in the recess of the sacred islands over all the very famous Tyrsenians.
§1017Ναυσίθοον δʼ Ὀδυσῆι Καλυψὼ δῖα θεάων §1018γείνατο Ναυσίνοόν τε μιγεῖσʼ ἐρατῇ φιλότητι.
And Calypso, divine among goddesses, bore to Odysseus Nausithoos and Nausinoos, having joined in lovely love.
§1019αὗται μὲν θνητοῖσι παρʼ ἀνδράσιν εὐνηθεῖσαι §1020ἀθάναται γείναντο θεοῖς ἐπιείκελα τέκνα.
These, being immortal, having lain with mortal men, bore children like unto gods.
§1021νῦν δὲ γυναικῶν φῦλον ἀείσατε, ἡδυέπειαι §1022Μοῦσαι Ὀλυμπιάδες, κοῦραι Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο.
But now sing of the race of women, sweet-speaking Muses of Olympus, daughters of aegis-bearing Zeus.

Notes

  1. 939κήρυκʼ ἀθανάτων — Meaning "messenger of the immortals", this is an accusative in apposition to Ἑρμῆν (Hermes) from the preceding line.
  2. 942ἀθάνατον θνητή — The accusative adjective ἀθάνατον (the immortal one, Dionysus) and the nominative θνητή (mortal woman, Semele) are placed in stark contrast without an explicit verb. The verb τέκε (bore) is understood from the preceding lines.
  3. 988τόν ῥα νέον τέρεν ἄνθος ἔχοντʼ — The word τόν is a demonstrative pronoun ("him"), acting as the object of the participle ἀναρεψαμένη (snatching). The participle ἔχοντʼ (having) in the accusative masculine singular modifies τόν.
  4. 994ἦγε παρʼ Αἰήτεω, τελέσας στονόεντας ἀέθλους — The main verb ἦγε is an imperfect meaning "led away". The aorist participle τελέσας ("having finished") expresses an action prior to the leading away.
  5. 1015οἳ δή τοι μάλα τῆλε μυχῷ νήσων ἱεράων — The relative pronoun οἵ refers to Agrios and Latinus, introducing the clause. The dative μυχῷ ("in the recess") functions as a dative of place, with the preposition ἐν understood.

Cite this passage

Hesiod, Theogony §939-1022. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:939-1022

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