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Aristophanes · Acharnians §533-615

The Megarian Decree and Confrontation with Lamachus

Passage 7 of 14 · Greek

Summary

Dicaeopolis explains how Pericles' Megarian Decree triggered the Peloponnesian War, and confronts the militaristic general Lamachus, contrasting the hardships of ordinary grey-haired citizens with the lucrative military posts monopolized by young opportunists.

§533ὡς χρὴ Μεγαρέας μήτε γῇ μήτʼ ἐν ἀγορᾷ §534μήτʼ ἐν θαλάττῃ μήτʼ ἐν οὐρανῷ μένειν.
namely, that the Megarians must remain neither on land, nor in the market, nor on the sea, nor in the heavens.
§535ἐντεῦθεν οἱ Μεγαρῆς, ὅτε δὴ ʼπείνων βάδην, §536Λακεδαιμονίων ἐδέοντο τὸ ψήφισμʼ ὅπως §537μεταστραφείη τὸ διὰ τὰς λαικαστρίας· §538κοὐκ ἠθέλομεν ἡμεῖς δεομένων πολλάκις.
From then on the Megarians, when indeed they were starving by degrees, begged the Lacedaemonians that the decree, the one on account of the three whores, might be turned around; and we were not willing, though they begged many times.
§539κἀντεῦθεν ἤδη πάταγος ἦν τῶν ἀσπίδων.
And from then on there was already the clashing of shields.
§540ἐρεῖ τις, οὐ χρῆν· ἀλλὰ τί ἐχρῆν, εἴπατε.
Someone will say, 'It was not necessary'; but what was necessary, tell me.
§541φέρʼ εἰ Λακεδαιμονίων τις ἐκπλεύσας σκάφει §542ἀπέδοτο φήνας κυνίδιον Σεριφίων, §543καθῆσθʼ ἂν ἐν δόμοισιν;
Come, if some one of the Lacedaemonians, having sailed out in a boat, had denounced and sold a puppy of the Seriphians, would you have sat still at home?
ἦ πολλοῦ γε δεῖ·
Far from it!
§544καὶ κάρτα μέντἂν εὐθέως καθείλκετε §545τριακοσίας ναῦς, ἦν δʼ ἂν ἡ πόλις πλέα §546θορύβου στρατιωτῶν, περὶ τριηράρχου βοῆς, §547μισθοῦ διδομένου, παλλαδίων χρυσουμένων, §548στοᾶς στεναχούσης, σιτίων μετρουμένων, §549ἀσκῶν, τροπωτήρων, κάδους ὠνουμένων, §550σκορόδων, ἐλαῶν, κρομμύων ἐν δικτύοις, §551στεφάνων, τριχίδων, αὐλητρίδων, ὑπωπίων· §552τὸ νεώριον δʼ αὖ κωπέων πλατουμένων, §553τύλων ψοφούντων, θαλαμιῶν τροπουμένων, §554αὐλῶν, κελευστῶν, νιγλάρων, συριγμάτων.
Indeed, you would have most certainly straightway launched three hundred ships, and the city would have been full of the clamor of soldiers, of shouting about the trierarch, of pay being distributed, of Palladia being gilded, of the colonnade groaning, of rations being measured out, of wineskins, of oarloops, of people buying jars, of garlic, of olives, of onions in nets, of garlands, of sprats, of flute-girls, of black eyes; and the dockyard, on the other hand, would have been full of oars being planed, of pegs rattling, of oarport-sleeves being fitted with leather, of flutes, of boatswains, of trills, of whistling.
§555ταῦτʼ οἶδʼ ὅτι ἂν ἐδρᾶτε· τὸν δὲ Τήλεφον §556οὐκ οἰόμεσθα;
I know that you would have done these things; but as for Telephus, do we think he would not?
νοῦς ἄρʼ ἡμῖν οὐκ ἔνι.
Then indeed there is no sense in us.
§557ἄληθες ὦπίτριπτε καί μιαρώτατε;
Hemi-Chorus A: Is it true, you scoundrel and most abominable man?
§558ταυτὶ σὺ τολμᾷς πτωχὸς ὢν ἡμᾶς λέγειν, §559καὶ συκοφάντης εἴ τις ἦν ὠνείδισας;
Do you dare to say these things to us, being a beggar, and if there was any informer, did you reproach us?
§560νὴ τὸν Ποσειδῶ καὶ λέγει γʼ ἅπερ λέγει §561δίκαια πάντα κοὐδὲν αὐτῶν ψεύδεται.
Hemi-Chorus B: Yes, by Poseidon, and he speaks indeed what he speaks, all just things, and he lies in none of them.
§562εἶτʼ εἰ δίκαια, τοῦτον εἰπεῖν αὔτʼ ἐχρῆν;
Hemi-Chorus A: Then even if they are just, was it necessary for him to say them?
§563ἀλλʼ οὔτι χαίρων ταῦτα τολμήσει λέγειν.
But you shall not rejoice in daring to say these things.
§564οὗτος σὺ ποῖ θεῖς;
Hey you, where are you running?
οὐ μενεῖς;
Will you not stay?
ὡς εἰ θενεῖς §565τὸν ἄνδρα τοῦτον, αὐτὸς ἀρθήσει τάχα.
For if you strike this man, you yourself will soon be lifted up.
§566ἰὼ Λάμαχʼ ὦ βλέπων ἀστραπάς, §567βοήθησον ὦ γοργολόφα φανείς, §568ἰὼ Λάμαχʼ ὦ φίλʼ ὦ φυλέτα·
Hemi-Chorus A: O Lamachus, looking lightnings, help us, appearing with your terrible crest, O Lamachus, friend and fellow-tribesman!
§569εἴτε τις ἔστι ταξίαρχος ἢ στρατηγὸς ἢ §570τειχομάχας ἀνήρ, βοηθησάτω §571τις ἀνύσας.
Whether there is any taxiarches or general or wall-storming man, let him help quickly.
ἐγὼ γὰρ ἔχομαι μέσος.
For I am held around the waist.
§572πόθεν βοῆς ἤκουσα πολεμιστηρίας;
Lamachus: From where did I hear a warlike shout?
§573ποῖ χρὴ βοηθεῖν;
Where is it necessary to bring help?
ποῖ κυδοιμὸν ἐμβαλεῖν;
Where to throw confusion?
§574τίς Γοργόνʼ ἐξήγειρεν ἐκ τοῦ σάγματος;
Who has aroused the Gorgon from her shield-case?
§575ὦ Λάμαχʼ ἥρως, τῶν λόφων καὶ τῶν λόχων.
Dicaeopolis: O hero Lamachus, man of crests and cohorts!
§575aὦ Λάμαχʼ, οὐ γὰρ οὗτος ἅνθρωπος πάλαι §576ἅπασαν ἡμῶν τὴν πόλιν κακορροθεῖ;
Hemi-Chorus A: Lamachus, is it not indeed that this man has for a long time been abusing our whole city?
§577οὗτος σὺ τολμᾷς πτωχὸς ὢν λέγειν τάδε;
Lamachus: Do you dare, being a beggar, to say these things?
§578ὦ Λάμαχʼ ἥρως, ἀλλὰ συγγνώμην ἔχε, §579εἰ πτωχὸς ὢν εἶπόν τι κἀστωμυλάμην.
Dicaeopolis: O hero Lamachus, but have indulgence, if, being a beggar, I said something and babbled.
§580τί δʼ εἶπας ἡμᾶς;
Lamachus: What did you say of us?
οὐκ ἐρεῖς;
Will you not speak?
§580bοὐκ οἶδά πω· §581ὑπὸ τοῦ δέους γὰρ τῶν ὅπλων εἰλιγγιῶ.
Dicaeopolis: I do not yet know; for because of the fear of your armor I am dizzy.
§582ἀλλʼ ἀντιβολῶ σʼ ἀπένεγκέ μου τὴν μορμόνα.
But I entreat you, take away that bugbear from me.
§583ἰδού.
Lamachus: There.
§583bπαράθες νυν ὑπτίαν αὐτὴν ἐμοί.
Dicaeopolis: Now lay it flat for me.
§584κεῖται.
Lamachus: It lies there.
§584bφέρε νυν ἀπὸ τοῦ κράνους μοι τὸ πτερόν.
Dicaeopolis: Now bring me the feather from your helmet.
§585τουτὶ πτίλον σοι.
Lamachus: Here is a feather for you.
§585bτῆς κεφαλῆς νύν μου λαβοῦ, §586ἵνʼ ἐξεμέσω· βδελύττομαι γὰρ τοὺς λόφους.
Dicaeopolis: Now hold my head, so that I may vomit; for I am disgusted by the crests.
§587οὗτος τί δράσεις;
Lamachus: You there, what will you do?
τῷ πτίλῳ μέλλεις ἐμεῖν;
Are you going to vomit with the feather?
§588πτίλον γάρ ἐστιν— §588bεἰπέ μοι τίνος ποτὲ §589ὄρνιθός ἐστιν;
Dicaeopolis: Is it a feather?— Tell me, of what bird is it?
ἆρα κομπολακύθου;
Is it of a brag-cock?
§590οἴμʼ ὡς τεθνήξεις.
Lamachus: Ah, you shall die!
§590bμηδαμῶς ὦ Λάμαχε· §591οὐ γὰρ κατʼ ἰσχύν ἐστιν· εἰ δʼ ἰσχυρὸς εἶ, §592τί μʼ οὐκ ἀπεψώλησας;
Dicaeopolis: By no means, O Lamachus; for this is not a matter of strength; but if you are strong, why didn't you strip me?
εὔοπλος γὰρ εἶ.
For you are well-armed.
§593ταυτὶ λέγεις σὺ τὸν στρατηγὸν πτωχὸς ὤν;
Lamachus: Do you say these things to the general, being a beggar?
§594ἐγὼ γάρ εἰμι πτωχός;
Dicaeopolis: Am I indeed a beggar?
§594bἀλλὰ τίς γὰρ εἶ;
Lamachus: But who then are you?
§595ὅστις;
Dicaeopolis: Who?
πολίτης χρηστός, οὐ σπουδαρχίδης, §596ἀλλʼ ἐξ ὅτου περ ὁ πόλεμος, στρατωνίδης, §597σὺ δʼ ἐξ ὅτου περ ὁ πόλεμος, μισθαρχίδης.
A good citizen, not an office-seeker, but, since the war began, a soldier, but you, since the war began, a pay-seeker.
§598ἐχειροτόνησαν γάρ με — §598bκόκκυγές γε τρεῖς.
Lamachus: For they elected me— Dicaeopolis: Yes, three cuckoos.
§599ταῦτʼ οὖν ἐγὼ βδελυττόμενος ἐσπεισάμην, §600ὁρῶν πολιοὺς μὲν ἄνδρας ἐν ταῖς τάξεσιν, §601νεανίας δʼ οἵους σὺ διαδεδρακότας, §602τοὺς μὲν ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης μισθοφοροῦντας τρεῖς δραχμάς, §603Τεισαμενοφαινίππους Πανουργιππαρχίδας, §604ἑτέρους δὲ παρὰ Χάρητι τοὺς δʼ ἐν Χάοσιν, §605Γερητοθεοδώρους Διομειαλαζόνας, §606τοὺς δʼ ἐν Καμαρίνῃ κἀν Γέλα κἀν Καταγέλᾳ.
It is because I am disgusted by these things that I made peace, seeing grey-haired men indeed in the ranks, but young men such as you having run away, some receiving three drachmas as pay in Thrace, Teisamenophenippuses and Panurgipparchidases, others with Chares, and others among the Chaonians, Geretotheodoruses and Diomeialazones, and others in Camarina and Gela and in 'Katagela'.
§607ἐχειροτονήθησαν γάρ.
Lamachus: For they were elected.
§607bαἴτιον δὲ τί §608ὑμᾶς μὲν ἀεὶ μισθοφορεῖν ἁμῃγέπῃ, §609τωνδὶ δὲ μηδένʼ;
Dicaeopolis: But what is the reason that you indeed always receive pay somehow or other, but none of these?
ἐτεὸν ὦ Μαριλάδη §610ἤδη πεπρέσβευκας σὺ πολιὸς ὢν † ἓν ἢ; †
Tell me truly, O Marilades, have you ever served as an envoy, grey-haired as you are?
§611ἀνένευσε· καίτοι γʼ ἐστὶ σώφρων κἀργάτης.
He shook his head; and yet he is prudent and industrious.
§612τί δαὶ Δράκυλλος ἢ Εὐφορίδης ἢ Πρινίδης;
What about Dracyllus or Euphorides or Prinides?
§613εἶδέν τις ὑμῶν τἀκβάτανʼ ἢ τοὺς Χάονας;
Has any of you seen Ecbatana or the Chaonians?
§614οὔ φασιν.
They say no.
ἀλλʼ ὁ Κοισύρας καὶ Λάμαχος, §615οἷς ὑπʼ ἐράνου τε καὶ χρεῶν πρώην ποτέ,
But the son of Coesyra and Lamachus do, to whom, because of club-debts and debts the day before yesterday,

Notes

  1. 541εἰ ... ἀπέδοτο ... καθῆσθʼ ἂν ...; ἦ πολλοῦ γε δεῖ · καὶ κάρτα μέντἂν ... καθείλκετε — A double conditional structure. The apodosis καθῆσθʼ ἂν (imperfect with ἄν) to the protasis εἰ... ἀπέδοτο (indicative aorist) forms a counterfactual question (referring to present or past unreality). Following ἦ πολλοῦ γε δεῖ ('Far from it!'), the next clause καὶ κάρτα μέντἂν... καθείλκετε (crasis of μέντοι ἄν with imperfect) serves as a highly emphasized counterfactual assertion reinforcing the hypothetical outcome.
  2. 571ἔχομαι μέσος — An idiomatic expression derived from wrestling (pale). The passive verb ἔχομαι ('I am held') combined with the adjective μέσος ('middle, waist') describes a wrestler locked around the waist, unable to escape, metaphorically meaning 'I am in a desperate plight' or 'trapped'.
  3. 590τεθνήξεις — A so-called 'future perfect' (or emphatic future) active second person singular form, derived from the perfect stem τέθνηκα of θνῄσκω ('to die'). Compared to the standard future θανῇ, this form conveys an immediate, absolute certainty of death ('you are as good as dead'), intensifying the threat.
  4. 595σπουδαρχίδης ... στρατωνίδης ... μισθαρχίδης — A series of parodic nouns typical of comedy. While utilizing the formal patronymic suffix -ίδης ('son of...', 'one belonging to...'), they are combined with vulgar components (σπουδαρχία 'office-seeking', στρατός 'army/camp', μίσθαρχος 'pay-seeking') to create aristocratic-sounding names that satirize the true nature of the characters.

Cite this passage

Aristophanes, Acharnians §533-615. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:533-615

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