Humanitext Reader

Philo of Alexandria · On the Contemplative Life §81-90

The Sacred All-Night Vigil and Morning Prayer

Passage 9 of 9 · Greek

Summary

The text describes the banquet's simple meal and the subsequent sacred vigil of the Therapeutae, where separate male and female choirs merge into one to imitate the miracle of the Red Sea, concluding with their sunrise prayer and return to daily philosophy.

§81ὅταν δὲ ἕκαστος διαπεράνηται τὸν ὕμνον, οἱ νέοι τὴν πρὸ μικροῦ λεχθεῖσαν τράπεζαν εἰσκομίζουσιν, ἐφ’ ἧς τὸ παναγέστατον σιτίον, ἄρτος ἐζυμωμένος μετὰ προσοψήματος ἁλῶν, οἷς ὕσσωπος ἀναμέμικται, δι’ αἰδῶ τῆς ἀνακειμένης ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ προνάῳ ἱερᾶς τραπέζης· ἐπὶ γὰρ ταύτης εἰσὶν ἄρτοι καὶ ἅλες ἄνευ ἡδυσμάτων, ἄζυμοι μὲν οἱ ἄρτοι, ἀμιγεῖς δὲ οἱ ἅλες.
And when each has finished his hymn, the young men bring in the table mentioned a little while ago, upon which is the most sacred food, leavened bread with a seasoning of salt, with which hyssop has been mixed, out of reverence for the sacred table placed in the holy vestibule; for upon this latter are loaves and salt without seasonings, the loaves being unleavened, and the salt unmixed.
§82προσῆκον γὰρ ἦν τὰ μὲν ἁπλούστατα καὶ εἰλικρινέστατα τῇ κρατίστῃ τῶν ἱερέων ἀπονεμηθῆναι μερίδι λειτουργίας ἆθλον, τοὺς δὲ ἄλλους τὰ μὲν ὅμοια ζηλοῦν, ἀπέχεσθαι δὲ τῶν αὐτῶν, ἵνα ἔχωσι προνομίαν οἱ κρείττονες.
For it was fitting that the simplest and purest things should be allotted to the best portion of the priests as a reward for their service, and that the others should emulate similar things, but abstain from the same, so that the superior might have the privilege.
§83Μετὰ δὲ τὸ δεῖπνον τὴν ἱερὰν ἄγουσι παννυχίδα.
And after the supper they keep the sacred vigil.
ἄγεται δὲ ἡ παννυχὶς τὸν τρόπον τοῦτον· ἀνίστανται πάντες ἀθρόοι, καὶ κατὰ μέσον τὸ συμπόσιον δύο γίνονται τὸ πρῶτον χοροί, ὁ μὲν ἀνδρῶν, ὁ δὲ γυναικῶν· ἡγεμὼν δὲ καὶ ἔξαρχος αἱρεῖται καθ’ ἑκάτερον ἐντιμότατός τε καὶ ἐμμελέστατος.
And the vigil is kept in this manner: they all stand up together, and in the middle of the banquet-hall two choirs are first formed, one of men and the other of women; and a leader and director is chosen for each, the most honored and most musical among them.
§84εἶτα ᾄδουσι πεποιημένους ὕμνους εἰς τὸν θεὸν πολλοῖς μέτροις καὶ μέλεσι, τῇ μὲν συνηχοῦντες, τῇ δὲ καὶ ἀντιφώνοις ἁρμονίαις ἐπιχειρονομοῦντες καὶ ἐπορχούμενοι, καὶ ἐπιθειάζοντες τοτὲ μὲν τὰ προσόδια, τοτὲ δὲ τὰ στάσιμα, στροφάς τε τὰς ἐν χορείᾳ καὶ ἀντιστροφὰς ποιούμενοι.
Then they sing hymns composed to God in many measures and tunes, now singing together, and now with antiphonal harmonies gesturing with their hands and dancing, and being divinely inspired, now singing processional hymns, and now stationary ones, making the turns and counter-turns in choral dancing.
§85εἶτα ὅταν ἑκάτερος τῶν χορῶν ἰδίᾳ καὶ καθ’ ἑαυτὸν ἑστιαθῇ, καθάπερ ἐν ταῖς βακχείαις ἀκράτου σπάσαντες τοῦ θεοφιλοῦς, ἀναμίγνυνται καὶ γίνονται χορὸς εἷς ἐξ ἀμφοῖν, μίμημα τοῦ πάλαι συστάντος κατὰ τὴν ἐρυθρὰν θάλασσαν ἕνεκα τῶν θαυματουργηθέντων ἐκεῖ.
Then, when each of the choirs has feasted separately and by itself, having drunk, as in the Bacchic rites, of the unmixed wine of the love of God, they mix together and become one choir from both, an imitation of the one established of old by the Red Sea on account of the wonders wrought there.
§86τὸ γὰρ πέλαγος προστάξει θεοῦ τοῖς μὲν σωτηρίας αἴτιον τοῖς δὲ πανωλεθρίας γίνεται· ῥαγέντος μὲν γὰρ καὶ βιαίοις ἀνακοπαῖς ὑποσυρέντος καὶ ἑκατέρωθεν ἐξ ἐναντίας οἷα τειχῶν παγέντων, τὸ μεθόριον διάστημα εἰς λεωφόρον ὁδὸν καὶ ξηρὰν πᾶσαν ἀνατμηθὲν εὐρύνετο, δι’ ἧς ὁ λεὼς ἐπέζευσεν ἄχρι τῆς ἀντιπέραν ἠπείρου πρὸς τὰ μετέωρα παραπεμφθείς· ἐπιδραμόντος δὲ ταῖς παλιρροίαις καὶ τοῦ μὲν ἔνθεν τοῦ δὲ ἔνθεν εἰς τὸ χερσωθὲν ἔδαφος ἀναχυθέντος, οἱ ἐπακολουθήσαντες τῶν πολεμίων κατακλυσθέντες διαφθείρονται.
For the sea, by the command of God, became the cause of salvation for some, and of utter destruction for others; for when it was split and swept back by violent recoils, and congealed on each side opposite like walls, the dividing space was cut open and widened into a highway and quite dry road, through which the people marched on foot as far as the opposite mainland, being escorted to the high ground; but when it rushed back with the return tides, and poured from this side and from that onto the ground which had been made dry land, those of the enemies who followed were inundated and destroyed.
§87τοῦτο δὲ ἰδόντες καὶ παθόντες, ὃ λόγου καὶ ἐννοίας καὶ ἐλπίδος μεῖζον ἔργον ἦν, ἐνθουσιῶντές τε ἄνδρες ὁμοῦ καὶ γυναῖκες, εἷς γενόμενοι χορός, τοὺς εὐχαριστηρίους ὕμνους εἰς τὸν σωτῆρα θεὸν ᾖδον, ἐξάρχοντος τοῖς μὲν ἀνδράσι Μωυσέως τοῦ προφήτου, ταῖς δὲ γυναιξὶ Μαριὰμ τῆς προφήτιδος.
And having seen and experienced this, which was a work greater than word, thought, and hope, both men and women alike, being divinely inspired, became one choir and sang hymns of thanksgiving to God the Savior, the prophet Moses leading the men, and the prophetess Miriam leading the women.
§88τούτῳ μάλιστα ἀπεικονισθεὶς ὁ τῶν θεραπευτῶν καὶ θεραπευτρίδων, μέλεσιν ἀντήχοις καὶ ἀντιφώνοις πρὸς βαρὺν ἦχον τῶν ἀνδρῶν ὁ γυναικῶν ὀξὺς ἀνακιρνάμενος, ἐναρμόνιον συμφωνίαν ἀποτελεῖ καὶ μουσικὴν ὄντως· πάγκαλα μὲν τὰ νοήματα, πάγκαλοι δὲ αἱ λέξεις, σεμνοὶ δὲ οἱ χορευταί· τὸ δὲ τέλος καὶ τῶν νοημάτων καὶ τῶν λέξεων καὶ τῶν χορευτῶν εὐσέβεια.
Most closely likened to this, the choir of the Therapeutae and Therapeutrides, with responsive and antiphonal melodies, the high sound of the women being blended with the deep sound of the men, produces a harmonious consonance and truly musical sound; most beautiful are the thoughts, most beautiful the words, and solemn are the dancers; and the end of the thoughts, of the words, and of the dancers is piety.
§89μεθυσθέντες οὖν ἄχρι πρωΐας τὴν καλὴν ταύτην μέθην, οὐ καρηβαροῦντες ἢ καταμύοντες, ἀλλὰ διεγηγερμένοι μᾶλλον ἢ ὅτε παρεγένοντο εἰς τὸ συμπόσιον, τάς τε ὄψεις καὶ ὅλον τὸ σῶμα πρὸς τὴν ἕω στάντες, ἐπὰν θεάσωνται τὸν ἥλιον ἀνίσχοντα, τὰς χεῖρας ἀνατείναντες εἰς οὐρανὸν εὐημερίαν καὶ ἀλήθειαν ἐπεύχονται καὶ ὀξυωπίαν λογισμοῦ· καὶ μετὰ τὰς εὐχὰς εἰς τὰ ἑαυτῶν ἕκαστος σεμνεῖα ἀναχωροῦσι, πάλιν τὴν συνήθη φιλοσοφίαν ἐμπορευσόμενοι καὶ γεωργήσοντες.
Having then been drunk until morning with this beautiful drunkenness, not with heavy heads or closing eyes, but being more awake than when they came to the banquet, standing with their faces and their whole body towards the east, when they behold the sun rising, stretching their hands to heaven, they pray for prosperity and truth and sharp sight of reason; and after the prayers, each departs to his own sanctuary, to traffic in and cultivate again their accustomed philosophy.
§90θεραπευτῶν μὲν δὴ πέρι τοσαῦτα θεωρίαν ἀσπασαμένων φύσεως καὶ τῶν ἐν αὐτῇ καὶ ψυχῇ μόνῃ βιωσάντων, οὐρανοῦ μὲν καὶ κόσμου πολιτῶν, τῷ δὲ πατρὶ καὶ ποιητῇ τῶν ὅλων γνησίως συσταθέντων ὑπ’ ἀρετῆς, ἥτις θεοῦ φιλίαν αὐτοῖς προυξένησεν οἰκειότατον γέρας καλοκἀγαθίας προσθεῖσα, πάσης ἄμεινον εὐτυχίας, ἐπ’ αὐτὴν ἀκρότητα φθάνον εὐδαιμονίας.
Let this suffice then concerning the Therapeutae, who have embraced the contemplation of nature and of the things in it, and have lived for the soul alone, citizens of heaven and the universe, and who have been truly introduced by virtue to the Father and Creator of all, which virtue procured for them friendship with God, adding a most appropriate reward for their nobility, better than all good fortune, reaching the very summit of happiness.

Notes

  1. §81οἷς — The antecedent of the relative pronoun `οἷς` (dative plural masculine) is the preceding `ἁλῶν` (genitive plural masculine, "salt"). This indicates that the hyssop is mixed with the salt, not with the bread.
  2. §82τοὺς δὲ ἄλλους — In the accusative with infinitive construction governed by the impersonal expression `προσῆκον ἦν` ("it was fitting"), `τοὺς ἄλλους` (accusative plural) serves as the subject of the infinitives `ζηλοῦν` and `ἀπέχεσθαι`. The contrast between `τὰ μὲν ὅμοια` ("similar things") and `τῶν αὐτῶν` ("the same things") defines the boundary preventing laypeople from encroaching on the priestly privilege.
  3. §88ὁ τῶν θεραπευτῶν — The article `ὁ` refers to the omitted noun `χορός` ("choir", masculine singular nominative), which serves as the subject of the sentence. The main verb is `ἀποτελεῖ`, separated from the subject by various participial and parenthetical clauses.
  4. §90θεραπευτῶν μὲν δὴ πέρι — An example of anastrophe, where the preposition `πέρι` is placed after its governing noun `θεραπευτῶν`. A series of long participial phrases (`ἀσπασαμένων`, `βιωσάντων`, `συσταθέντων`) modifying this genitive noun forms the framework of the entire sentence, which lacks a finite verb and acts as a concluding, nominal summary.

Cite this passage

Philo of Alexandria, On the Contemplative Life §81-90. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0018.tlg028.humanitext-grc1:81-90

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