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Herodotus · Histories §9.21.1-9.21.3

Megara's Plight and the Athenian Relief

Passage 1476 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

The Megarians, under heavy assault from Persian cavalry, send a herald to warn that they will abandon their critical position unless reinforced. While other Greeks refuse, the Athenians volunteer their three hundred elite troops under Olympiodorus.

§9.21.1κατὰ συντυχίην δὲ Μεγαρέες ἔτυχον ταχθέντες τῇ τε ἐπιμαχώτατον ἦν τοῦ χωρίου παντός, καὶ πρόσοδος μάλιστα ταύτῃ ἐγίνετο τῇ ἵππῳ.
By chance, the Megarians happened to be stationed where the ground was most open to attack of all the area, and where the cavalry could most easily approach.
προσβαλλούσης ὦν τῆς ἵππου οἱ Μεγαρέες πιεζόμενοι ἔπεμπον ἐπὶ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τῶν Ἑλλήνων κήρυκα, ἀπικόμενος δὲ ὁ κῆρυξ πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἔλεγε τάδε. §9.21.2Μεγαρέες λέγουσι· ἡμεῖς, ἄνδρες σύμμαχοι, οὐ δυνατοί εἰμεν τὴν Περσέων ἵππον δέκεσθαι μοῦνοι, ἔχοντες στάσιν ταύτην ἐς τὴν ἔστημεν ἀρχήν·
Therefore, when the cavalry made their charge, the Megarians, being hard pressed, sent a herald to the generals of the Greeks, and when the herald arrived, he spoke to them as follows: "The Megarians say: Allies, we are not able to withstand the Persian cavalry by ourselves, holding this position which we initially took.
ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐς τόδε λιπαρίῃ τε καὶ ἀρετῇ ἀντέχομεν καίπερ πιεζόμενοι.
Yet, up to this point, we have held out through perseverance and courage, although we are hard pressed.
νῦν τε εἰ μή τινας ἄλλους πέμψετε διαδόχους τῆς τάξιος, ἴστε ἡμέας ἐκλείψοντας τὴν τάξιν. §9.21.3ὃ μὲν δή σφι ταῦτα ἀπήγγελλε, Παυσανίης δὲ ἀποπειρᾶτο τῶν Ἑλλήνων εἴ τινες ἐθέλοιεν ἄλλοι ἐθελονταὶ ἰέναι τε ἐς τὸν χῶρον τοῦτον καὶ τάσσεσθαι διάδοχοι Μεγαρεῦσι.
And now, unless you send some others to relieve us in our position, know that we shall abandon this post." He indeed reported these things to them, and Pausanias tested the Greeks to see if any others would volunteer to go to this place and be stationed to relieve the Megarians.
οὐ βουλομένων δὲ τῶν ἄλλων Ἀθηναῖοι ὑπεδέξαντο καὶ Ἀθηναίων οἱ τριηκόσιοι λογάδες, τῶν ἐλοχήγεε Ὀλυμπιόδωρος ὁ Λάμπωνος.
But since the others were unwilling, the Athenians undertook it, namely, the three hundred chosen men of the Athenians, who were commanded by Olympiodorus the son of Lampon.

Notes

  1. §9.21.1ἔτυχον ταχθέντες — The combination of the verb `τυγχάνω` and the passive participle `ταχθέντες`, meaning "happened to be stationed."
  2. §9.21.2στάσιν ταύτην ἐς τὴν ἔστημεν ἀρχήν — In this relative clause introduced by the relative pronoun `τήν` (Herodotus' Ionic form for `ἥν`), the noun `ἀρχήν` is used adverbially (meaning "at first" or "originally"). The phrase means "this position which we initially took."
  3. §9.21.2ἴστε ἡμέας ἐκλείψοντας τὴν τάξιν — The second-person plural imperative `ἴστε` (from `οἶδα`, "to know") takes an accusative subject `ἡμέας` and a future participle `ἐκλείψοντας` as a complement, expressing a strong warning: "know that we will abandon the position."

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §9.21.1-9.21.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:9.21.1-9.21.3

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