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Herodotus · Histories §8.10.1-8.10.3

Persian Encirclement of the Greek Fleet and Ionian Reactions

Passage 1312 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

The Persians, seeing the small number of Greek ships, encircle them in expectation of an easy victory. While the pro-Greek Ionians despair over the situation, those hostile to the Greeks compete to capture Athenian ships for rewards.

§8.10.1ὁρῶντες δὲ σφέας οἵ τε ἄλλοι στρατιῶται οἱ Ξέρξεω καὶ οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἐπιπλέοντας νηυσὶ ὀλίγῃσι, πάγχυ σφι μανίην ἐπενείκαντες ἀνῆγον καὶ αὐτοὶ τὰς νέας, ἐλπίσαντες σφέας εὐπετέως αἱρήσειν, οἰκότα κάρτα ἐλπίσαντες, τὰς μέν γε τῶν Ἑλλήνων ὁρῶντες ὀλίγας νέας, τὰς δὲ ἑωυτῶν πλήθεΐ τε πολλαπλησίας καὶ ἄμεινον πλεούσας.
When the rest of Xerxes' soldiers and the generals saw them sailing against them with only a few ships, they attributed complete madness to them and themselves put out their ships, hoping that they would easily capture them—an expectation that was highly reasonable, since they saw that the ships of the Greeks were few, while their own were many times greater in number and better in sailing.
καταφρονήσαντες ταῦτα ἐκυκλοῦντο αὐτοὺς ἐς μέσον.
Despising these advantages, they began to encircle them in their midst.
§8.10.2ὅσοι μέν νυν τῶν Ἰώνων ἦσαν εὔνοοι τοῖσι Ἕλλησι, ἀέκοντές τε ἐστρατεύοντο συμφορήν τε ἐποιεῦντο μεγάλην ὁρῶντες περιεχομένους αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐπιστάμενοι ὡς οὐδεὶς αὐτῶν ἀπονοστήσει· οὕτω ἀσθενέα σφι ἐφαίνετο εἶναι τὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων πρήγματα.
Now, those of the Ionians who were well-disposed to the Greeks served unwillingly and considered it a great disaster when they saw them being surrounded, knowing well that not one of them would return home; so weak did the affairs of the Greeks appear to them.
§8.10.3ὅσοισι δὲ καὶ ἡδομένοισι ἦν τὸ γινόμενον, ἅμιλλαν ἐποιεῦντο ὅκως αὐτὸς ἕκαστος πρῶτος νέα Ἀττικὴν ἑλὼν παρὰ βασιλέος δῶρα λάμψεται· Ἀθηναίων γὰρ αὐτοῖσι λόγος ἦν πλεῖστος ἀνὰ τὰ στρατόπεδα.
But for those to whom what was happening was a pleasure, they strove with one another how each might be the first to capture an Attic ship and receive gifts from the King; for among the forces, the reputation of the Athenians was the greatest.

Notes

  1. §8.10.1ἐπενείκαντες — The Ionic form of ἐπενέγκαντες, the first aorist active participle of ἐπιφέρω (to attribute, bring upon). It takes the accusative object μανίην (madness) and the dative σφι (to them, i.e., the Greeks), meaning "attributing complete madness to them."
  2. §8.10.1καταφρονήσαντες ταῦτα — The verb καταφρονέω (despise, look down on) usually governs the genitive, but here it takes the neuter plural accusative ταῦτα as its direct object ("despising these things"). Alternatively, ταῦτα could be understood as an accusative of respect ("on account of these things"), but in this context, it is more natural to view it as the direct object referring to the advantages just mentioned.
  3. §8.10.3ὅσοισι δὲ καὶ ἡδομένοισι ἦν τὸ γινόμενον — A construction consisting of a dative of person (ὅσοισι), a form of εἰμί (ἦν), and a participle of feeling (ἡδομένοισι), expressing the attitude or emotional response of the person: "for whomsoever what was happening was a pleasure." τὸ γινόμενον (what was happening) is the subject.
  4. §8.10.3ὅκως ... λάμψεται — ὅκως (the Ionic equivalent of Attic ὅπως) is used with the future indicative λάμψεται (the Ionic future of λαμβάνω, corresponding to Attic λήψεται), introducing an object clause after the expression of striving ἅμιλλαν ἐποιεῦντο ("they strove how each might...").

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §8.10.1-8.10.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:8.10.1-8.10.3

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