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Herodotus · Histories §7.168.1-7.168.4

Corcyra's Deceitful Promise and Calculated Delay

Passage 1231 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

The Corcyraeans outwardly promised full support to the Greeks but secretly anticipated their defeat, stationing their fleet to watch the war's outcome while preparing convenient excuses for whichever side might emerge victorious.

§7.168.1τὰ μὲν ἀπὸ Σικελίης τοσαῦτα.
So much for the matters from Sicily.
Κερκυραῖοι δὲ τάδε ὑποκρινάμενοι τοῖσι ἀγγέλοισι τοιάδε ἐποίησαν· καὶ γὰρ τούτους παρελάμβανον οἱ αὐτοὶ οἵ περ ἐς Σικελίην ἀπίκοντο, λέγοντες τοὺς αὐτοὺς λόγους τοὺς καὶ πρὸς Γέλωνα ἔλεγον.
But the Corcyraeans, having given the following answer to the messengers, acted in this way; for the very same men who had gone to Sicily were also enlisting them, saying the same words that they had said to Gelon.
οἳ δὲ παραυτίκα μὲν ὑπίσχοντο πέμψειν τε καὶ ἀμυνέειν, φράζοντες ὡς οὔ σφι περιοπτέη ἐστὶ ἡ Ἑλλὰς ἀπολλυμένη· ἢν γὰρ σφαλῇ, σφεῖς γε οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἢ δουλεύσουσι τῇ πρώτῃ τῶν ἡμερέων· ἀλλὰ τιμωρητέον εἴη ἐς τὸ δυνατώτατον.
And they immediately promised to send help and defend them, declaring that they must not stand by and see Greece perish; for if she should fall, they themselves would be nothing other than enslaved on the very first day; rather, they must assist to the utmost of their power.
§7.168.2ὑπεκρίναντο μὲν οὕτω εὐπρόσωπα· ἐπεὶ δὲ ἔδει βοηθέειν, ἄλλα νοέοντες ἐπλήρωσαν νέας ἑξήκοντα, μόγις δὲ ἀναχθέντες προσέμιξαν τῇ Πελοποννήσῳ, καὶ περὶ Πύλον καὶ Ταίναρον γῆς τῆς Λακεδαιμονίων ἀνεκώχευον τὰς νέας, καραδοκέοντες καὶ οὗτοι τὸν πόλεμον τῇ πεσέεται, ἀελπτέοντες μὲν τοὺς Ἕλληνας ὑπερβαλέεσθαι, δοκέοντες δὲ τὸν Πέρσην κατακρατήσαντα πολλὸν ἄρξειν πάσης τῆς Ἑλλάδος.
They answered thus indeed with fair faces; but when it was necessary to bring help, with other thoughts in mind, they manned sixty ships, and having put to sea with difficulty, they reached the Peloponnese and held their ships at anchor around Pylos and Taenarum of the Lacedaemonian land, they too waiting to see which way the war would fall, despairing that the Greeks would prevail, and thinking that the Persian, having conquered, would rule widely over all Greece.
§7.168.3ἐποίευν ὦν ἐπίτηδες, ἵνα ἔχωσι πρὸς τὸν Πέρσην λέγειν τοιάδε. ὦ βασιλεῦ, ἡμεῖς, παραλαμβανόντων τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἡμέας ἐς τὸν πόλεμον τοῦτον, ἔχοντες δύναμιν οὐκ ἐλαχίστην οὐδὲ νέας ἐλαχίστας παρασχόντες ἂν ἀλλὰ πλείστας μετά γε Ἀθηναίους, οὐκ ἠθελήσαμέν τοι ἐναντιοῦσθαι οὐδέ τι ἀποθύμιον ποιῆσαι. τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἤλπιζον πλέον τι τῶν ἄλλων οἴσεσθαι· τά περ ἂν καὶ ἐγένετο, ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκέει.
Therefore they did this on purpose, so that they might have the following to say to the Persian: "O King, when the Greeks were enlisting us for this war, though we possessed no small power and could have provided not the fewest but the greatest number of ships next to the Athenians, we did not wish to oppose you nor to do anything displeasing to you." By saying such things they hoped to carry off something more than the others; which indeed would have happened, as it seems to me.
§7.168.4πρὸς δὲ τοὺς Ἕλληνάς σφι σκῆψις ἐπεποίητο, τῇ περ δὴ καὶ ἐχρήσαντο.
But against the Greeks they had prepared a pretext, which indeed they also used.
αἰτιωμένων γὰρ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ὅτι οὐκ ἐβοήθεον, ἔφασαν πληρῶσαι μὲν ἑξήκοντα τριήρεας, ὑπὸ δὲ ἐτησιέων ἀνέμων ὑπερβαλεῖν Μαλέην οὐκ οἷοί τε γενέσθαι· οὕτω οὐκ ἀπικέσθαι ἐς Σαλαμῖνα, καὶ οὐδεμιῇ κακότητι λειφθῆναι τῆς ναυμαχίης.
For when the Greeks accused them of not helping, they said that they had manned sixty triremes, but by reason of the Etesian winds they had been unable to double Malea; thus they did not arrive at Salamis, and it was not through any cowardice that they were left behind from the sea-fight.

Notes

  1. 7.168.1οὔ σφι περιοπτέη ἐστὶ ἡ Ἑλλὰς ἀπολλυμένη — The verbal adjective περιοπτέη (from περιοράω, "to overlook") is used with ἐστί and the dative of agent σφι (referring to the Corcyraeans) in an impersonal obligation construction, combined with the supplementary participle ἀπολλυμένη ("perishing") in the nominative. Together, it means "they must not stand by and see Greece perishing."
  2. 7.168.2τῇ πεσέεται — An indirect question consisting of the dative feminine relative (or interrogative) pronoun τῇ (equivalent to Attic ᾗ, meaning "in which way" or "how") and the future indicative πεσέεται (third-person singular future of πίπτω, "to fall"). It refers to the outcome of the war ("which way the war would fall").
  3. 7.168.3παρασχόντες ἂν — The participle with the particle ἄν. It expresses a past contrariwise-to-fact apodosis ("would have provided"), referring to a counterfactual past action (in reality, they did not provide ships). The protasis ("if we had wished") is implied by the context.
  4. 7.168.3τά περ ἂν καὶ ἐγένετο — A relative clause introduced by τά περ (referring to the entire preceding clause), containing ἄν with the aorist indicative (ἐγένετο), which forms a past counterfactual apodosis. It signifies that "this indeed would have happened" (if they had actually made that statement to the Persian king).
  5. 7.168.4ὑπὸ δὲ ἐτησιέων ἀνέμων ὑπερβαλεῖν Μαλέην οὐκ οἱοί τε γενέσθαι — An accusative and infinitive construction (indirect discourse) dependent on ἔφασαν ("they said"). The preposition ὑπό with the genitive indicates the impersonal natural force (the "Etesian winds") as the quasi-agent or preventing cause.

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §7.168.1-7.168.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:7.168.1-7.168.4

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