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Herodotus · Histories §4.98.1-4.98.3

Darius's Instructions with the Knotted Thong

Passage 662 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

Darius made sixty knots in a leather strap and gave it to the Ionian tyrants, instructing them to untie one knot each day starting from his departure, and to sail home if he did not return by the time all the knots were undone.

§4.98.1ταῦτα δὲ εἴπας καὶ ἀπάψας ἅμματα ἑξήκοντα ἐν ἱμάντι καλέσας ἐς λόγους τοὺς Ἰώνων τυράννους ἔλεγε τάδε. §4.98.2ἄνδρες Ἴωνες, ἡ μὲν πρότερον γνώμη ἀποδεχθεῖσα ἐς τὴν γέφυραν μετείσθω μοι, ἔχοντες δὲ τὸν ἱμάντα τόνδε ποιέετε τάδε.
Having said this and having tied sixty knots in a strap, he called the tyrants of the Ionians to a conference and spoke as follows: "Men of Ionia, let the former opinion expressed by me concerning the bridge be set aside; but take this strap and do as follows.
ἐπεὰν ἐμὲ ἴδητε τάχιστα πορευόμενον ἐπὶ Σκύθας, ἀπὸ τούτου ἀρξάμενοι τοῦ χρόνου λύετε ἅμμα ἓν ἑκάστης ἡμέρης·
As soon as you see me marching against the Scythians, beginning from that time, untie one knot each day.
ἢν δὲ ἐν τούτῳ τῷ χρόνῳ μὴ παρέω ἀλλὰ διεξέλθωσι ὑμῖν αἱ ἡμέραι τῶν ἁμμάτων, ἀποπλέετε ἐς τὴν ὑμετέρην αὐτῶν.
And if within this time I am not present, but the days of the knots have passed by for you, sail away to your own land.
§4.98.3μέχρι δὲ τούτου, ἐπείτε οὕτω μετέδοξε, φυλάσσετε τὴν σχεδίην, πᾶσαν προθυμίην σωτηρίης τε καὶ φυλακῆς παρεχόμενοι.
Until then, since my mind has thus changed, guard the bridge, showing all enthusiasm for its safety and defense.
ταῦτα δὲ ποιεῦντες ἐμοὶ μεγάλως χαριεῖσθε. Δαρεῖος μὲν ταῦτα εἴπας ἐς τὸ πρόσω ἐπείγετο.
By doing this, you will greatly oblige me." Having said this, Darius hastened forward.

Notes

  1. 4.98.2μετείσθω — The third-person singular aorist passive imperative of the verb μεθίημι. The subject is ἡ μὲν πρότερον γνώμη ('the former opinion'), and the dative μοι functions as a dative of agent or interest, meaning 'let the former opinion be dismissed/withdrawn by me.'
  2. 4.98.2ἐπεὰν ... τάχιστα — The temporal conjunction ἐπεάν (ἐπεί + ἄν) combined with the superlative adverb τάχιστα expresses immediate temporal succession, meaning 'as soon as.' It introduces a future-more-vivid condition with the subjunctive verb ἴδητε.
  3. 4.98.2αἱ ἡμέραι τῶν ἁμμάτων — Literally 'the days of the knots,' which contextually means 'the period of days corresponding to the number of the knots (sixty days).' The genitive τῶν ἁμμάτων is a genitive of definition or relation, specifying what the days consist of or relate to.
  4. 4.98.3σωτηρίης τε καὶ φυλακῆς — An objective genitive modifying the noun προθυμίην ('enthusiasm/zeal'), meaning 'all enthusiasm for securing the safety and defense (of the bridge).'

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §4.98.1-4.98.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:4.98.1-4.98.3

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