§3.82.1Μεγάβυζος μὲν δὴ ταύτην γνώμην ἐσέφερε· τρίτος δὲ Δαρεῖος ἀπεδείκνυτο γνώμην, λέγων
ἐμοὶ δὲ τὰ μὲν εἶπε Μεγάβυζος ἐς τὸ πλῆθος ἔχοντα δοκέει ὀρθῶς λέξαι, τὰ δὲ ἐς ὀλιγαρχίην οὐκ ὀρθῶς.
Megabyzus indeed brought forward this opinion; and third, Darius expressed his opinion, saying: "To me, what Megabyzus said regarding the multitude seems to have been spoken correctly, but what he said regarding oligarchy, not correctly.
τριῶν γὰρ προκειμένων καὶ πάντων τῷ λόγῳ ἀρίστων ἐόντων, δήμου τε ἀρίστου καὶ ὀλιγαρχίης καὶ μουνάρχου, πολλῷ τοῦτο προέχειν λέγω.
For when three choices are set before us and all are assumed in theory to be the best—namely, the best democracy, oligarchy, and monarchy—I say that this latter far excels.
§3.82.2ἀνδρὸς γὰρ ἑνὸς τοῦ ἀρίστου οὐδὲν ἄμεινον ἂν φανείη· γνώμῃ γὰρ τοιαύτῃ χρεώμενος ἐπιτροπεύοι ἂν ἀμωμήτως τοῦ πλήθεος, σιγῷτό τε ἂν βουλεύματα ἐπὶ δυσμενέας ἄνδρας οὕτω μάλιστα.
For nothing could appear better than a single best man; for using such judgment, he would govern the multitude blamelessly, and counsels against hostile men would thus be best kept secret.
§3.82.3ἐν δὲ ὀλιγαρχίῃ πολλοῖσι ἀρετὴν ἐπασκέουσι ἐς τὸ κοινὸν ἔχθεα ἴδια ἰσχυρὰ φιλέει ἐγγίνεσθαι· αὐτὸς γὰρ ἕκαστος βουλόμενος κορυφαῖος εἶναι γνώμῃσί τε νικᾶν ἐς ἔχθεα μεγάλα ἀλλήλοισι ἀπικνέονται, ἐξ ὧν στάσιες ἐγγίνονται, ἐκ δὲ τῶν στασίων φόνος· ἐκ δὲ τοῦ φόνου ἀπέβη ἐς μουναρχίην, καὶ ἐν τούτῳ διέδεξε ὅσῳ ἐστὶ τοῦτο ἄριστον.
But in an oligarchy, among many who practice virtue for the public good, violent private enmities are custom to arise; for each one, wishing to be leader himself and to prevail in counsels, they come to great enmities with one another, from which arise factions, and from factions, slaughter; and from slaughter, it ends in monarchy, and in this it has been shown how far this latter is the best.
§3.82.4δήμου τε αὖ ἄρχοντος ἀδύνατα μὴ οὐ κακότητα ἐγγίνεσθαι· κακότητος τοίνυν ἐγγινομένης ἐς τὰ κοινὰ ἔχθεα μὲν οὐκ ἐγγίνεται τοῖσι κακοῖσι, φιλίαι δὲ ἰσχυραί· οἱ γὰρ κακοῦντες τὰ κοινὰ συγκύψαντες ποιεῦσι.
And again, when the people rule, it is impossible that corruption should not arise; now when corruption arises in public affairs, enmities do not arise among the wicked, but rather strong friendships; for those who do harm to the public interest do so by putting their heads together.
τοῦτο δὲ τοιοῦτο γίνεται ἐς ὃ ἂν προστάς τις τοῦ δήμου τοὺς τοιούτους παύσῃ.
And this goes on in such a way until someone, standing forth as a leader of the people, puts an end to such men.
ἐκ δὲ αὐτῶν θωμάζεται οὗτος δὴ ὑπὸ τοῦ δήμου, θωμαζόμενος δὲ ἀνʼ ὦν ἐφάνη μούναρχος ἐών, καὶ ἐν τούτῳ δηλοῖ καὶ οὗτος ὡς ἡ μουναρχίη κράτιστον.
And as a result of these things, this man is admired by the people, and being admired, he is revealed as being a monarch; and in this, he too shows that monarchy is the strongest.
§3.82.5ἑνὶ δὲ ἔπεϊ πάντα συλλαβόντα εἰπεῖν, κόθεν ἡμῖν ἡ ἐλευθερίη ἐγένετο καὶ τεῦ δόντος;
To sum up everything in one word, whence did our freedom come to us, and who gave it?
κότερα παρὰ τοῦ δήμου ἢ ὀλιγαρχίης ἢ μουνάρχου;
Was it from the people, or from an oligarchy, or from a monarch?
ἔχω τοίνυν γνώμην ἡμέας ἐλευθερωθέντας διὰ ἕνα ἄνδρα τὸ τοιοῦτο περιστέλλειν, χωρίς τε τούτου πατρίους νόμους μὴ λύειν ἔχοντας εὖ· οὐ γὰρ ἄμεινον.
Therefore my opinion is that, having been set free through one man, we should preserve such a state; and apart from this, we should not abolish our ancestral laws which are well established; for that is not better."