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Herodotus · Histories §3.83.1-3.83.3

Adoption of Monarchy and Otanes Withdrawing from the Contest

Passage 487 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

After the discussion on the three forms of government, the majority supports Darius's proposal for monarchy, prompting Otanes, the advocate of democracy, to withdraw from the royal contest on the condition of preserving freedom for himself and his descendants.

§3.83.1γνῶμαι μὲν δὴ τρεῖς αὗται προεκέατο, οἱ δὲ τέσσερες τῶν ἑπτὰ ἀνδρῶν προσέθεντο ταύτῃ.
These three opinions were set forth, and four of the seven men sided with this one.
ὡς δὲ ἑσσώθη τῇ γνώμῃ ὁ Ὀτάνης Πέρσῃσι ἰσονομίην σπεύδων ποιῆσαι, ἔλεξε ἐς μέσον αὐτοῖσι τάδε. §3.83.2ἄνδρες στασιῶται, δῆλα γὰρ δὴ ὅτι δεῖ ἕνα γε τινὰ ἡμέων βασιλέα γενέσθαι, ἤτοι κλήρῳ γε λαχόντα, ἢ ἐπιτρεψάντων τῷ Περσέων πλήθεϊ τὸν ἂν ἐκεῖνο ἕληται, ἢ ἄλλῃ τινὶ μηχανῇ.
When Otanes, who was eager to establish equality of laws for the Persians, was defeated in his opinion, he spoke thus in their midst: "Fellow conspirators, for it is indeed clear that some one of us must become king, whether by obtaining it by lot, or by leaving it to the multitude of the Persians to choose whomsoever they will, or by some other means.
ἐγὼ μέν νυν ὑμῖν οὐκ ἐναγωνιεῦμαι· οὔτε γὰρ ἄρχειν οὔτε ἄρχεσθαι ἐθέλω·
Now, I will not enter the contest with you; for I wish neither to rule nor to be ruled.
ἐπὶ τούτῳ δὲ ὑπεξίσταμαι τῆς ἀρχῆς, ἐπʼ ᾧ τε ὑπʼ οὐδενὸς ὑμέων ἄρξομαι, οὔτε αὐτὸς ἐγὼ οὔτε οἱ ἀπʼ ἐμεῦ αἰεὶ γινόμενοι. §3.83.3τούτου εἴπαντος ταῦτα ὡς συνεχώρεον οἱ ἓξ ἐπὶ τούτοισι, οὗτος μὲν δή σφι οὐκ ἐνηγωνίζετο ἀλλʼ ἐκ μέσου κατῆστο, καὶ νῦν αὕτη ἡ οἰκίη διατελέει μούνη ἐλευθέρη ἐοῦσα Περσέων καὶ ἄρχεται τοσαῦτα ὅσα αὐτὴ θέλει, νόμους οὐκ ὑπερβαίνουσα τοὺς Περσέων.
On this condition I withdraw from the rule, namely that I shall be ruled by none of you, neither myself nor those born from me forever." When he had said this, and the six agreed to these terms, he indeed did not contest with them but sat apart from their midst; and even now this house continues to be the only free one among the Persians, and is ruled only so much as it itself wishes, not transgressing the laws of the Persians.

Notes

  1. 3.83.2ἐπιτρεψάντων — A present participle in the genitive absolute construction, with its logical subject ('we' or 'people') contextually omitted.
  2. 3.83.2ἐπʼ ᾧ τε — A conjunctional phrase expressing condition or restriction, meaning 'on the condition that,' here taking the future indicative ἄρξομαι.
  3. 3.83.3διατελέει μούνη ἐλευθέρη ἐοῦσα — The verb διατελέει acts as a supplementary verb with the present participle ἐοῦσα, expressing a continuous state ('continues to be free').
  4. 3.83.3ἄρχεται — Passive voice of the verb ἄρχω, meaning 'is ruled' or 'is governed,' meaning here that the house is ruled only as much as it wishes.

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §3.83.1-3.83.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:3.83.1-3.83.3

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