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Herodotus · Histories §3.36.1-3.36.6

Croesus' Admonition and the Wrath of Cambyses

Passage 440 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

Croesus admonishes Cambyses for his violent acts, prompting Cambyses to try to kill him. Servants secretly keep Croesus alive and later present him when Cambyses regrets his action, but Cambyses, though pleased, executes the servants for disobedience.

§3.36.1ταῦτα δέ μιν ποιεῦντα ἐδικαίωσε Κροῖσος ὁ Λυδὸς νουθετῆσαι τοῖσιδε τοῖσι ἔπεσι. ὦ βασιλεῦ, μὴ πάντα ἡλικίῃ καὶ θυμῷ ἐπίτραπε, ἀλλʼ ἴσχε καὶ καταλάμβανε σεωυτόν·
As he was doing these things, Croesus the Lydian deemed it right to admonish him with these words: "O King, do not entrust everything to youth and anger, but restrain and check yourself.
ἀγαθόν τι πρόνοον εἶναι, σοφὸν δὲ ἡ προμηθίη.
It is a good thing to be prudent, and foresight is wise.
σὺ δὲ κτείνεις μὲν ἄνδρας σεωυτοῦ πολιήτας ἐπʼ οὐδεμιῇ αἰτίῃ ἀξιοχρέῳ ἑλών, κτείνεις δὲ παῖδας.
But you are killing men who are your own citizens, having seized them for no worthy cause, and you are killing children.
§3.36.2ἢν δὲ πολλὰ τοιαῦτα ποιέῃς, ὅρα ὅκως μή σευ ἀποστήσονται Πέρσαι.
If you do many such things, see to it that the Persians do not revolt from you.
ἐμοὶ δὲ πατὴρ σὸς Κῦρος ἐνετέλλετο πολλὰ κελεύων σε νουθετέειν καὶ ὑποτίθεσθαι ὅ τι ἂν εὑρίσκω ἀγαθόν. ὃ μὲν δὴ εὐνοίην φαίνων συνεβούλευέ οἱ ταῦτα· ὃ δʼ ἀμείβετο τοῖσιδε. §3.36.3σὺ καὶ ἐμοὶ τολμᾷς συμβουλεύειν, ὃς χρηστῶς μὲν τὴν σεωυτοῦ πατρίδα ἐπετρόπευσας, εὖ δὲ τῷ πατρὶ τῷ ἐμῷ συνεβούλευσας, κελεύων αὐτὸν Ἀράξεα ποταμὸν διαβάντα ἰέναι ἐπὶ Μασσαγέτας, βουλομένων ἐκείνων διαβαίνειν ἐς τὴν ἡμετέρην, καὶ ἀπὸ μὲν σεωυτὸν ὤλεσας τῆς σεωυτοῦ πατρίδος κακῶς προστάς, ἀπὸ δὲ ὤλεσας Κῦρον πειθόμενον σοί, ἀλλʼ οὔτι χαίρων, ἐπεί τοι καὶ πάλαι ἐς σὲ προφάσιός τευ ἐδεόμην ἐπιλαβέσθαι.
To me your father Cyrus gave many injunctions, ordering me to admonish you and suggest whatever good thing I might find." Croesus indeed, showing goodwill, advised him these things; but Cambyses replied with these words: "Do you dare to advise even me?—you, who governed your own fatherland so excellently, and advised my father so well, bidding him cross the river Araxes and go against the Massagetae when they wanted to cross over into our land, and on the one hand destroyed yourself by ruling your fatherland badly, and on the other hand destroyed Cyrus, who obeyed you.
§3.36.4ταῦτα δὲ εἴπας ἐλάμβανε τὸ τόξον ὡς κατατοξεύσων αὐτόν, Κροῖσος δὲ ἀναδραμὼν ἔθεε ἔξω.
But you shall not escape unpunished, since indeed for a long time I have been wanting to lay hold of some pretext against you." Having said this, he began to take up his bow in order to shoot him down, but Croesus, leaping up, ran outside.
ὁ δὲ ἐπείτε τοξεῦσαι οὐκ εἶχε, ἐνετείλατο τοῖσι θεράπουσι λαβόντας μιν ἀποκτεῖναι.
And when Cambyses was unable to shoot him, he ordered his servants to take him and kill him.
§3.36.5οἱ δὲ θεράποντες ἐπιστάμενοι τὸν τρόπον αὐτοῦ κατακρύπτουσι τὸν Κροῖσον ἐπὶ τῷδε τῷ λόγῳ ὥστε, εἰ μὲν μεταμελήσῃ τῷ Καμβύσῃ καὶ ἐπιζητέῃ τὸν Κροῖσον, οἳ δὲ ἐκφήναντες αὐτὸν δῶρα λάμψονται ζωάγρια Κροίσου, ἢν δὲ μὴ μεταμέληται μηδὲ ποθέῃ μιν, τότε καταχρᾶσθαι.
But the servants, knowing his character, hid Croesus on this calculation: so that, if Cambyses should repent and look for Croesus, they, by showing him forth, would receive gifts for saving Croesus' life; but if he should not repent nor miss him, then they would dispatch him.
§3.36.6ἐπόθησέ τε δὴ ὁ Καμβύσης τὸν Κροῖσον οὐ πολλῷ μετέπειτα χρόνῳ ὕστερον, καὶ οἱ θεράποντες μαθόντες τοῦτο ἐπηγγέλλοντο αὐτῷ ὡς περιείη.
And indeed Cambyses missed Croesus not much time afterwards, and the servants, learning this, announced to him that Croesus was still alive.
Καμβύσης δὲ Κροίσῳ μὲν συνήδεσθαι ἔφη περιεόντι, ἐκείνους μέντοι τοὺς περιποιήσαντας οὐ καταπροΐξεσθαι ἀλλʼ ἀποκτενέειν· καὶ ἐποίησε ταῦτα.
Cambyses said that he was glad for Croesus being alive, but that those who had saved him would not escape unpunished, but he would kill them; and he did this.

Notes

  1. §3.36.1νουθετῆσαι — Complementary infinitive of the verb ἐδικαίωσε ('deemed it right'). Its direct object is the accusative pronoun μιν (referring to Cambyses), which is modified by the circumstantial participle ποιεῦντα.
  2. §3.36.3ἀπὸ μὲν σεωυτὸν ὤλεσας — An instance of tmesis, where the prepositional prefix ἀπό is separated from the verb ὤλεσας (second-person singular aorist of ἀπόλλυμι, 'destroy') by the particle μέν and the object σεωυτόν. The same structure is repeated in ἀπὸ δὲ ὤλεσας.
  3. §3.36.3τῆς σεωυτοῦ πατρίδος — Genitive case governed by the participle προστάς (from προΐστημι, 'rule over, manage'), meaning 'having managed your own fatherland badly.' It is not the object or genitive of separation of the preceding verb ἀπὸ ... ὤλεσας.
  4. §3.36.4λαβόντας — Although the main verb ἐνετείλατο ('ordered') governs the dative τοῖσι θεράπουσι ('servants'), the participle modifying the unexpressed subject of the infinitive ἀποκτεῖναι is put in the accusative plural (λαβόντας), which is the regular syntax for the subject of an infinitive.
  5. §3.36.5καταχρᾶσθαι — Present infinitive (meaning 'to dispatch, put to death') within the result clause introduced by ὥστε. While the first conditional branch (εἰ μὲν...) uses the future indicative λάμψονται in the apodosis, the second branch (ἢν δὲ...) returns to the infinitive construction directly dependent on ὥστε.

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §3.36.1-3.36.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:3.36.1-3.36.6

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