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Herodotus · Histories §3.34.1-3.34.5

Cambyses Questions Prexaspes and Angers at Criticism

Passage 438 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

Cambyses asks his confidant Prexaspes about his reputation among the Persians, and becomes enraged when criticized for his excessive drinking. The narrative recalls a past occasion where the Persians praised Cambyses as superior to his father, while Croesus judged him inferior because he had no son to succeed him.

§3.34.1τάδε δʼ ἐς τοὺς ἄλλους Πέρσας ἐξεμάνη.
And he committed these mad acts against the other Persians.
λέγεται γὰρ εἰπεῖν αὐτὸν πρὸς Πρηξάσπεα, τὸν ἐτίμα τε μάλιστα καί οἱ τὰς ἀγγελίας ἐφόρεε οὗτος, τούτου τε ὁ παῖς οἰνοχόος ἦν τῷ Καμβύσῃ, τιμὴ δὲ καὶ αὕτη οὐ σμικρή· εἰπεῖν δὲ λέγεται τάδε.
For he is said to have spoken to Prexaspes, whom he honored most and who used to carry his messages for him, and whose son was cupbearer to Cambyses (which also was no small honor); he is said, then, to have spoken as follows.
§3.34.2Πρήξασπες, κοῖόν με τινὰ νομίζουσι Πέρσαι εἶναι ἄνδρα τίνας τε λόγους περὶ ἐμέο ποιεῦνται; τὸν δὲ εἰπεῖν ὦ δέσποτα, τὰ μὲν ἄλλα πάντα μεγάλως ἐπαινέαι, τῇ δὲ φιλοινίῃ σε φασὶ πλεόνως προσκεῖσθαι. §3.34.3τὸν μὲν δὴ λέγειν ταῦτα περὶ Περσέων, τὸν δὲ θυμωθέντα τοιάδε ἀμείβεσθαι. νῦν ἄρα με φασὶ Πέρσαι οἴνῳ προσκείμενον παραφρονέειν καὶ οὐκ εἶναι νοήμονα· οὐδʼ ἄρα σφέων οἱ πρότεροι λόγοι ἦσαν ἀληθέες. §3.34.4πρότερον γὰρ δὴ ἄρα, Περσέων οἱ συνέδρων ἐόντων καὶ Κροίσου, εἴρετο Καμβύσης κοῖός τις δοκέοι ἀνὴρ εἶναι πρὸς τὸν πατέρα τελέσαι Κῦρον, οἳ δὲ ἀμείβοντο ὡς εἴη ἀμείνων τοῦ πατρός· τά τε γὰρ ἐκείνου πάντα ἔχειν αὐτὸν καὶ προσεκτῆσθαι Αἴγυπτόν τε καὶ τὴν θάλασσαν.
"Prexaspes, what kind of man do the Persians think I am, and what kind of talk do they hold about me?" And he replied: "O master, in all other things you are greatly praised, but they say you are too much given to love of wine." He indeed said these things concerning the Persians, but the other, being angered, replied as follows: "So now the Persians say that I, being given to wine, am out of my mind and not of sound intellect; then indeed their former words were not true." For previously, when the counselors of the Persians and Croesus were present, Cambyses had asked what kind of man he seemed to be in comparison with his father Cyrus; and they replied that he was better than his father, for they said he held all the possessions of his father, and had acquired Egypt and the sea besides.
§3.34.5Πέρσαι μὲν ταῦτα ἔλεγον, Κροῖσος δὲ παρεών τε καὶ οὐκ ἀρεσκόμενος τῇ κρίσι εἶπε πρὸς τὸν Καμβύσεα τάδε. ἐμοὶ μέν νυν, ὦ παῖ Κύρου, οὐ δοκέεις ὅμοιος εἶναι τῷ πατρί· οὐ γάρ κώ τοι ἐστὶ υἱὸς οἷον σε ἐκεῖνος κατελίπετο. ἥσθη τε ταῦτα ἀκούσας ὁ Καμβύσης καὶ ἐπαίνεε τὴν Κροίσου κρίσιν.
The Persians said this, but Croesus, who was present and not pleased with this judgment, spoke to Cambyses as follows: "To me, O son of Cyrus, you do not seem to be like your father; for you do not yet have a son such as he left behind in you." Cambyses was pleased on hearing this and praised the judgment of Croesus.

Notes

  1. 3.34.1τὸν ἐτίμα τε μάλιστα καί οἱ τὰς ἀγγελίας ἐφόρεε οὗτος — Within the relative clause starting with `τὸν`, the demonstrative pronoun `οὗτος` is redundant but added as the subject, reflecting Herodotus' characteristic conversational and redundant style. The enclitic pronoun `οἱ` is a dative of advantage referring to Cambyses.
  2. 3.34.1εἰπεῖν δὲ λέγεται τάδε — Because the initial `λέγεται γὰρ εἰπεῖν αὐτὸν ...` was interrupted by long parenthetical clauses (relative and independent), the infinitive `εἰπεῖν` and the verb `λέγεται` are repeated to resume and clarify the main structure (a form of anacoluthon).
  3. 3.34.2ἐπαινέαι — The second-person singular present passive indicative in the Ionic dialect. Corresponding to Attic `ἐπαινῇ` or `ἐπαινέῃ`, it is contracted from `ἐπαινέ-εαι` with the loss of one epsilon.
  4. 3.34.4πρὸς τὸν πατέρα τελέσαι Κῦρον — The infinitive `τελέσαι` (aorist of `τελέω`, here meaning 'to reckon' or 'class') is used with the preposition `πρὸς` to mean 'in comparison with his father Cyrus' or 'in reckoning him against his father Cyrus'.
  5. 3.34.5οἷον σε ἐκεῖνος κατελίπετο — A relative clause introduced by the correlative `οἷον`. `κατελίπετο` means 'left behind', and the phrase literally means 'such a son as he (Cyrus) left you behind [to be]', implying that Cyrus left a magnificent successor in Cambyses, whereas Cambyses has no such son yet.

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §3.34.1-3.34.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:3.34.1-3.34.5

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