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Herodotus · Histories §3.3.1-3.3.3

Cassandane's Grief and Young Cambyses' Vow

Passage 407 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

An anecdote, incredible to the author, is related in which Cassandane laments being disfavored by Cyrus in comparison to the Egyptian woman, prompting her young son Cambyses to vow to turn Egypt upside down when he grows up.

§3.3.1καὶ ταῦτα μὲν ὧδε ἔχει.
And these matters are indeed so.
λέγεται δὲ καὶ ὅδε λόγος, ἐμοὶ μὲν οὐ πιθανός, ὡς τῶν Περσίδων γυναικῶν ἐσελθοῦσά τις παρὰ τὰς Κύρου γυναῖκας, ὡς εἶδε τῇ Κασσανδάνῃ παρεστεῶτα τέκνα εὐειδέα τε καὶ μεγάλα, πολλῷ ἐχρᾶτο τῷ ἐπαίνῳ ὑπερθωμάζουσα, ἡ δὲ Κασσανδάνη ἐοῦσα τοῦ Κύρου γυνὴ εἶπε τάδε· §3.3.2τοιῶνδε μέντοι ἐμὲ παίδων μητέρα ἐοῦσαν Κῦρος ἐν ἀτιμίῃ ἔχει, τὴν δὲ ἀπʼ Αἰγύπτου ἐπίκτητον ἐν τιμῇ τίθεται. τὴν μὲν ἀχθομένην τῇ Νιτήτι εἰπεῖν ταῦτα, τῶν δέ οἱ παίδων τὸν πρεσβύτερον εἰπεῖν Καμβύσεα· §3.3.3τοιγάρ τοι ὦ μῆτερ, ἐπεὰν ἐγὼ γένωμαι ἀνήρ, Αἰγύπτου τὰ μὲν ἄνω κάτω θήσω, τὰ δὲ κάτω ἄνω. ταῦτα εἰπεῖν αὐτὸν ἔτεα ὡς δέκα κου γεγονότα, καὶ τὰς γυναῖκας ἐν θώματι γενέσθαι· τὸν δὲ διαμνημονεύοντα οὕτω δή, ἐπείτε ἀνδρώθη καὶ ἔσχε τὴν βασιληίην, ποιήσασθαι τὴν ἐπʼ Αἴγυπτον στρατηίην.
But another story is also told, which is to me incredible, that one of the Persian women came in to see the wives of Cyrus, and when she saw the beautiful and tall children standing by Cassandane, she praised them exceedingly, expressing great admiration; whereupon Cassandane, being the wife of Cyrus, said: "Yet, though I am the mother of such children as these, Cyrus holds me in dishonor, while he treats the woman acquired from Egypt with honor." She, indeed, said this because she was resentful of Nitetis, but the elder of her children, Cambyses, is said to have replied: "Therefore, mother, when I become a man, I will turn Egypt upside down, making the upper parts lower and the lower parts upper." He said this, it is said, when he was only about ten years old, and the women were struck with amazement; and he, ever remembering this, did indeed make the expedition against Egypt when he grew to manhood and took the kingdom.

Notes

  1. 3.3.1ὡς τῶν Περσίδων γυναικῶν ἐσελθοῦσά τις ... ἡ δὲ Κασσανδάνη ... εἶπε τάδε — An anacoluthon (grammatical inconsistency) occurs where the narrative begins within a dependent clause (ὡς...), but the main clause (ἡ δὲ...) uses an indicative verb (εἶπε) instead of an infinitive (εἰπεῖν). The construction shifts from indirect speech under λέγεται to a direct narrative style.
  2. 3.3.2τὴν μὲν ἀχθομένην τῇ Νιτήτι εἰπεῖν ταῦτα — The syntax returns to the accusative with infinitive construction (subject: τὴν μὲν, infinitive: εἰπεῖν) expressing indirect speech after the direct indicative in the preceding sentence. The present participle ἀχθομένην indicates cause ("because she was vexed with Nitetis").
  3. 3.3.3Αἰγύπτου — Genitive noun. It is interpreted either as a possessive/limiting genitive qualifying the objects of θήσω (τὰ μὲν ἄνω κάτω..., "the upper and lower parts of Egypt") or as a genitive of place ("in Egypt").

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §3.3.1-3.3.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:3.3.1-3.3.3

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