Humanitext Reader

Herodotus · Histories §3.1.1-3.1.5

Origin of Cambyses' expedition and Amasis's deception

Passage 405 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

The background of Cambyses' expedition to Egypt is explained, involving an Egyptian eye-doctor's grudge and the discovery of Amasis's deception in sending Nitetis, the daughter of the former king Apries, as his own daughter.

§3.1.1ἐπὶ τοῦτον δὴ τὸν Ἄμασιν Καμβύσης ὁ Κύρου ἐστρατεύετο, ἄγων καί ἄλλους τῶν ἦρχε καὶ Ἑλλήνων Ἴωνάς τε καὶ Αἰολέας, διʼ αἰτίην τοιήνδε.
Against this very Amasis, Cambyses the son of Cyrus made an expedition, leading both others of those whom he ruled and, of the Greeks, both Ionians and Aeolians, for the following reason.
πέμψας Καμβύσης ἐς Αἴγυπτον κήρυκα αἴτεε Ἄμασιν θυγατέρα, αἴτεε δὲ ἐκ βουλῆς ἀνδρὸς Αἰγυπτίου, ὃς μεμφόμενος Ἄμασιν ἔπρηξε ταῦτα ὅτι μιν ἐξ ἁπάντων τῶν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ ἰητρῶν ἀποσπάσας ἀπὸ γυναικός τε καὶ τέκνων ἔκδοτον ἐποίησε ἐς Πέρσας, ὅτε Κῦρος πέμψας παρὰ Ἄμασιν αἴτεε ἰητρὸν ὀφθαλμῶν ὃς εἴη ἄριστος τῶν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ.
Cambyses, having sent a herald to Egypt, asked Amasis for his daughter; and he asked by the advice of an Egyptian man, who, bearing a grudge against Amasis, did this because he had torn him away from his wife and children out of all the physicians in Egypt and delivered him up to the Persians, when Cyrus had sent to Amasis and asked for an eye-doctor who was the best of those in Egypt.
§3.1.2ταῦτα δὴ ἐπιμεμφόμενος ὁ Αἰγύπτιος ἐνῆγε τῇ συμβουλῇ κελεύων αἰτέειν τὸν Καμβύσεα Ἄμασιν θυγατέρα, ἵνα ἢ δοὺς ἀνιῷτο ἢ μὴ δοὺς Καμβύσῃ ἀπέχθοιτο.
Resenting this very thing, the Egyptian urged Cambyses with this advice, bidding him to ask Amasis for his daughter, so that either by giving her he might be grieved, or by not giving her he might become hated by Cambyses.
ὁ δὲ Ἄμασις τῇ δυνάμι τῶν Περσέων ἀχθόμενος καὶ ἀρρωδέων οὐκ εἶχε οὔτε δοῦναι οὔτε ἀρνήσασθαι· εὖ γὰρ ἠπίστατο ὅτι οὐκ ὡς γυναῖκά μιν ἔμελλε Καμβύσης ἕξειν ἀλλʼ ὡς παλλακήν.
But Amasis, distressed by and fearing the power of the Persians, was able neither to give nor to refuse; for he knew well that Cambyses was not going to have her as a wife, but as a concubine.
§3.1.3ταῦτα δὴ ἐκλογιζόμενος ἐποίησε τάδε.
Calculating these things, he did as follows.
ἦν Ἀπρίεω τοῦ προτέρου βασιλέος θυγάτηρ κάρτα μεγάλη τε καὶ εὐειδὴς μούνη τοῦ οἴκου λελειμμένη, οὔνομα δέ οἱ ἦν Νίτητις· ταύτην δὴ τὴν παῖδα ὁ Ἄμασις κοσμήσας ἐσθῆτί τε καὶ χρυσῷ ἀποπέμπει ἐς Πέρσας ὡς ἑωυτοῦ θυγατέρα.
There was a daughter of Apries, the former king, very tall and beautiful, the only one left of his house, and her name was Nitetis; this maiden Amasis, having adorned with clothing and gold, sent away to Persia as his own daughter.
§3.1.4μετὰ δὲ χρόνον ὥς μιν ἠσπάζετο πατρόθεν ὀνομάζων, λέγει πρὸς αὐτὸν ἡ παῖς ὦ βασιλεῦ, διαβεβλημένος ὑπὸ Ἀμάσιος οὐ μανθάνεις.
And after some time, as he welcomed her, calling her by her father's name, the maiden said to him: "O King, you do not realize that you have been deceived by Amasis.
ὃς ἐμὲ σοὶ κόσμῳ ἀσκήσας ἀπέπεμψε ὡς ἑωυτοῦ θυγατέρα διδούς, ἐοῦσαν τῇ ἀληθείῃ Ἀπρίεω, τὸν ἐκεῖνος ἐόντα ἑωυτοῦ δεσπότεα μετʼ Αἰγυπτίων ἐπαναστὰς ἐφόνευσε. §3.1.5τοῦτο δὴ τὸ ἔπος καὶ αὕτη ἡ αἰτίη ἐγγενομένη ἤγαγε Καμβύσεα τὸν Κύρου μεγάλως θυμωθέντα ἐπʼ Αἴγυπτον.
He, having adorned me with ornaments, sent me to you, giving me as his own daughter, though I am in truth the daughter of Apries, whom he, though he was his master, rose up against with the Egyptians and murdered." This word and this cause arising led Cambyses the son of Cyrus, greatly angered, against Egypt.

Notes

  1. §3.1.1αἴτεε Ἄμασιν θυγατέρα — The verb αἰτέω (to ask, demand) takes a double accusative: the person asked (Ἄμασιν) and the thing asked for (θυγατέρα).
  2. §3.1.2οὐκ εἶχε οὔτε δοῦναι οὔτε ἀρνήσασθαι — The verb ἔχω followed by an infinitive means "to be able to," and here with the negative οὐκ it means "was not able either to give or to refuse."
  3. §3.1.4διαβεβλημένος ὑπὸ Ἀμάσιος οὐ μανθάνεις — The verb μανθάνω (to understand, realize) takes a supplementary participle to mean "to realize that one is..."; here with the negative, it means "you do not realize that you have been deceived." The participle διαβεβλημένος is in the nominative, agreeing with the subject.
  4. §3.1.4ἐοῦσαν τῇ ἀληθείῃ Ἀπρίεω — The circumstantial participle ἐοῦσαν (being) is feminine accusative singular, modifying ἐμέ (me) from the preceding clause. The genitive of the proper name Ἀπρίεω (of Apries) implies the omission of the noun θυγατέρα (daughter), meaning "being in truth the daughter of Apries."
  5. §3.1.4τὸν ἐκεῖνος ἐόντα ἑωυτοῦ δεσπότεα μετʼ Αἰγυπτίων ἐπαναστὰς ἐφόνευσε — The relative pronoun τὸν is in the accusative, referring back to the antecedent Ἀπρίεω (Apries). The participle ἐόντα (being) agrees with τὸν in the accusative, expressing a concessive sense: "although he (Apries) was his (Amasis's) master."

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §3.1.1-3.1.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:3.1.1-3.1.5

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.