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Herodotus · Histories §2.156.1-2.156.6

The Floating Island of Chemmis and the Myth of Apollo

Passage 378 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

The author introduces the floating island called Chemmis near the temple of Buto, and explains the Egyptian myth where Leto hid Apollo (Horus) on this island to save him from Typhon, which influenced Aeschylus' poetry.

§2.156.1οὕτω μέν νυν ὁ νηὸς τῶν φανερῶν μοι τῶν περὶ τοῦτο τὸ ἱρὸν ἐστὶ θωμαστότατον, τῶν δὲ δευτέρων νῆσος ἡ Χέμμις καλευμένη· §2.156.2ἔστι μὲν ἐν λίμνῃ βαθέῃ καὶ πλατέῃ κειμένη παρὰ τὸ ἐν Βουτοῖ ἱρόν, λέγεται δὲ ὑπʼ Αἰγυπτίων εἶναι αὕτη ἡ νῆσος πλωτή.
In this way, then, the shrine is the most marvelous of the things visible to me around this precinct, and second to it is the island called Chemmis. It lies in a deep and broad lake beside the temple in Buto, and it is said by the Egyptians that this island is afloat.
αὐτὸς μὲν ἔγωγε οὔτε πλέουσαν οὔτε κινηθεῖσαν εἶδον, τέθηπα δὲ ἀκούων εἰ νῆσος ἀληθέως ἐστὶ πλωτή. §2.156.3ἐν δὲ ὦν ταύτῃ νηός τε Ἀπόλλωνος μέγας ἔνι καὶ βωμοὶ τριφάσιοι ἐνιδρύαται, ἐμπεφύκασι δʼ ἐν αὐτῇ φοίνικες συχνοὶ καὶ ἄλλα δένδρεα καὶ καρποφόρα καὶ ἄφορα πολλά. §2.156.4λόγον δὲ τόνδε ἐπιλέγοντες οἱ Αἰγύπτιοι φασὶ εἶναι αὐτὴν πλωτήν, ὡς ἐν τῇ νήσῳ ταύτῃ οὐκ ἐούσῃ πρότερον πλωτῇ Λητώ, ἐοῦσα τῶν ὀκτὼ θεῶν τῶν πρώτων γενομένων, οἰκέουσα δὲ ἐν Βουτοῖ πόλι, ἵνα δή οἱ τὸ χρηστήριον τοῦτο ἐστί, Ἀπόλλωνα παρʼ Ἴσιος παρακαταθήκην δεξαμένη διέσωσε κατακρύψασα ἐν τῇ νῦν πλωτῇ λεγομένῃ νήσῳ, ὅτε τὸ πᾶν διζήμενος ὁ Τυφῶν ἐπῆλθε, θέλων ἐξευρεῖν τοῦ Ὀσίριος τὸν παῖδα. §2.156.5Ἀπόλλωνα δὲ καὶ Ἄρτεμιν Διονύσου καὶ Ἴσιος λέγουσι εἶναι παῖδας, Λητοῦν δὲ τροφὸν αὐτοῖσι καὶ σώτειραν γενέσθαι.
I myself indeed saw it neither floating nor moving, but I am astonished to hear if the island is truly afloat. On this island there is a great temple of Apollo, and three different altars are established on it, and there grow upon it many palms and many other trees, both fruit-bearing and barren. And the Egyptians say that it is afloat, adding the following story: that in this island, which was not previously afloat, Leto—being one of the first eight gods who came into existence, and dwelling in the city of Buto, where indeed this oracle of hers is—received Apollo as a trust from Isis and saved him by hiding him in the island which is now said to be afloat, when Typhon came searching everywhere, wishing to discover the son of Osiris. For they say that Apollo and Artemis are the children of Dionysus and Isis, and that Leto became their nurse and savior.
Αἰγυπτιστὶ δὲ Ἀπόλλων μὲν Ὦρος, Δημήτηρ δὲ Ἶσις, Ἄρτεμις δὲ Βούβαστις. §2.156.6ἐκ τούτου δὲ τοῦ λόγου καὶ οὐδενὸς ἄλλου Αἰσχύλος ὁ Εὐφορίωνος ἥρπασε τὸ ἐγὼ φράσω, μοῦνος δὴ ποιητέων τῶν προγενομένων· ἐποίησε γὰρ Ἄρτεμιν εἶναι θυγατέρα Δήμητρος.
In Egyptian, Apollo is Horus, Demeter is Isis, and Artemis is Bubastis. It was from this story and no other that Aeschylus, the son of Euphorion, snatched what I shall relate, being the only one of the earlier poets to do so; for he represented Artemis as the daughter of Demeter.
τὴν δὲ νῆσον διὰ τοῦτο γενέσθαι πλωτήν.
And they say that the island became afloat because of this.
ταῦτα μὲν οὕτω λέγουσι.
This is what they say.

Notes

  1. 2.156.2εἰ νῆσος ἀληθέως ἐστὶ πλωτή — The conjunction εἰ introduces an indirect question clause meaning 'whether', acting as the object of the participle ἀκούων ('hearing'). It carries the nuance of astonishment and skepticism expressed by the main verb τέθηπα ('I am astonished').
  2. 2.156.4ὡς ἐν τῇ νήσῳ ταύτῃ οὐκ ἐούσῃ πρότερον πλωτῇ Λητώ ... διέσωσε — In the ὡς clause, the nominative subject is Λητώ and the main verb is διέσωσε ('saved'). The phrase ἐν τῇ νήσῳ ταύτῃ οὐκ ἐούσῃ πρότερον πλωτῇ ('in this island, which was not previously afloat') is a dative prepositional phrase, where the participle ἐούσῃ agrees with the dative noun νήσῳ. The dative pronoun οἱ in the inserted relative clause refers to Leto as a dative of possession or interest.
  3. 2.156.6ἥρπασε τὸ ἐγὼ φράσω — The articular expression τὸ ἐγὼ φράσω ('what I shall relate') acts as the direct object of the verb ἥρπασε ('snatched', 'borrowed'). It points forward to the mythological detail mentioned in the following sentence, namely, making Artemis the daughter of Demeter.

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §2.156.1-2.156.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.156.1-2.156.6

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