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Herodotus · Histories §2.143.1-2.143.4

Statues of Theban Priests and Refutation of Hecataeus

Passage 365 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

Herodotus recounts how the priests of Thebes refuted Hecataeus when he connected his genealogy to a god, by showing generations of wooden statues of high priests, proving that each was a mortal human ('piromis') and not descended from any god or hero.

§2.143.1πρότερον δὲ Ἑκαταίῳ τῷ λογοποιῷ ἐν Θήβῃσι γενεηλογήσαντί τε ἑωυτὸν καὶ ἀναδήσαντι τὴν πατριὴν ἐς ἑκκαιδέκατον θεὸν ἐποίησαν οἱ ἱρέες τοῦ Διὸς οἷόν τι καὶ ἐμοὶ οὐ γενεηλογήσαντι ἐμεωυτόν·
Earlier, when Hecataeus the chronicler traced his pedigree and connected his lineage to a god in the sixteenth generation, the priests of Zeus did to him what they also did to me, who did not trace my pedigree.
§2.143.2ἐσαγαγόντες ἐς τὸ μέγαρον ἔσω ἐὸν μέγα ἐξηρίθμεον δεικνύντες κολοσσοὺς ξυλίνους τοσούτους ὅσους περ εἶπον· ἀρχιερεὺς γὰρ ἕκαστος αὐτόθι ἱστᾷ ἐπὶ τῆς ἑωυτοῦ ζόης εἰκόνα ἑωυτοῦ·
Leading me inside the temple, which was large, they counted them up, showing as many wooden colossal statues as I have said; for each high priest there sets up an image of himself during his own lifetime.
§2.143.3ἀριθμέοντες ὦν καὶ δεικνύντες οἱ ἱρέες ἐμοὶ ἀπεδείκνυσαν παῖδα πατρὸς ἑωυτῶν ἕκαστον ἐόντα, ἐκ τοῦ ἄγχιστα ἀποθανόντος τῆς εἰκόνος διεξιόντες διὰ πασέων, ἕως οὗ ἀπέδεξαν ἁπάσας αὐτάς.
Counting, then, and showing them, the priests demonstrated to me that each one was the son of his own father, going through them all from the image of the one who had most recently died, until they had shown them all.
§2.143.4Ἑκαταίῳ δὲ γενεηλογήσαντι ἑωυτὸν καὶ ἀναδήσαντι ἐς ἑκκαιδέκατον θεὸν ἀντεγενεηλόγησαν ἐπὶ τῇ ἀριθμήσι, οὐ δεκόμενοι παρʼ αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ θεοῦ γενέσθαι ἄνθρωπον·
But to Hecataeus, who had traced his pedigree and connected it to a god in the sixteenth generation, they opposed another pedigree based on the counting, not accepting from him that a man could be born from a god.
ἀντεγενεηλόγησαν δὲ ὧδε, φάμενοι ἕκαστον τῶν κολοσσῶν πίρωμιν ἐκ πιρώμιος γεγονέναι, ἐς ὃ τοὺς πέντε καὶ τεσσεράκοντα καὶ τριηκοσίους ἀπέδεξαν κολοσσούς,καὶ οὔτε ἐς θεὸν οὔτε ἐς ἥρωα ἀνέδησαν αὐτούς.
And they opposed their pedigree in this way, saying that each of the colossal statues was a 'piromis' born from a 'piromis', until they had shown three hundred and forty-five colossal statues, and they connected them neither to a god nor to a hero.
πίρωμις δὲ ἐστὶ κατὰ Ἑλλάδα γλῶσσαν καλὸς κἀγαθός.
Now, 'piromis' is, in the Greek tongue, 'noble and good'.

Notes

  1. §2.143.1ἐποίησαν οἱ ἱρέες ... οἷόν τι καὶ ἐμοὶ — The verb `ποιέω` is used with the dative (`Ἑκαταίῳ` and `ἐμοὶ`) in the sense of 'to do something to someone' or 'to treat someone in a certain way'. The phrase `οἷόν τι` ('such a thing as') serves as the accusative object, functioning correlatively with `καὶ ἐμοὶ` ('as they also did to me').
  2. §2.143.3ἀπεδείκνυσαν παῖδα πατρὸς ἑωυτῶν ἕκαστον ἐόντα — The verb `ἀποδείκνυμι` ('demonstrate', 'prove') takes an accusative subject (`ἕκαστον`) and a participle (`ἐόντα`, Ionic for `ὄντα`) to form the construction 'proved each one to be...'. The phrase `παῖδα πατρὸς ἑωυτῶν` ('the son of his own father') emphasizes that each priest was of purely human lineage, not divine.
  3. §2.143.4οὐ δεκόμενοι παρʼ αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ θεοῦ γενέσθαι ἄνθρωπον — The participle `δεκόμενοι` (Ionic for `δεχόμενοι`, 'accepting') takes the accusative and infinitive clause `γενέσθαι ἄνθρωπον` ('that a man was born [from a god]') as its object. The phrase `παρʼ αὐτοῦ` ('from him') reinforces the meaning of refusing to accept his statement or claim.

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §2.143.1-2.143.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.143.1-2.143.4

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