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Herodotus · Histories §2.13.1-2.13.3

Rising Nile Flood Levels and the Threat of Famine

Passage 229 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

The author compares the flood levels of the Nile during the reign of King Moeris with those of the present day, noting that if the elevation of the Egyptian land continues to rise, Egypt—which lacks rain—could suffer from famine just as the Egyptians once predicted the Greeks would.

§2.13.1ἔλεγον δὲ καὶ τόδε μοι μέγα τεκμήριον περὶ τῆς χώρης ταύτης οἱ ἱρέες, ὡς ἐπὶ Μοίριος βασιλέος, ὅκως ἔλθοι ὁ ποταμὸς ἐπὶ ὀκτὼ πήχεας τὸ ἐλάχιστον, ἄρδεσκε Αἴγυπτον τὴν ἔνερθε Μέμφιος·
The priests also told me this great proof concerning this land: that in the reign of King Moeris, whenever the river rose to at least eight cubits, it used to irrigate Egypt below Memphis.
καὶ Μοίρι οὔκω ἦν ἔτεα εἰνακόσια τετελευτηκότι ὅτε τῶν ἱρέων ταῦτα ἐγὼ ἤκουον.
And it was not yet nine hundred years since Moeris had died when I heard these things from the priests.
νῦν δὲ εἰ μὴ ἐπʼ ἑκκαίδεκα ἢ πεντεκαίδεκα πήχεας ἀναβῇ τὸ ἐλάχιστον ὁ ποταμός, οὐκ ὑπερβαίνει ἐς τὴν χώρην.
But now, unless the river rises to at least fifteen or sixteen cubits, it does not overflow into the land.
§2.13.2δοκέουσί τέ μοι Αἰγυπτίων οἱ ἔνερθε λίμνης τῆς Μοίριος οἰκέοντες τά τε ἄλλα χωρία καὶ τὸ καλεόμενον Δέλτα, ἢν οὕτω ἡ χώρη αὕτη κατὰ λόγον ἐπιδιδῷ ἐς ὕψος καὶ τὸ ὅμοιον ἀποδιδῷ ἐς αὔξησιν, μὴ κατακλύζοντος αὐτὴν τοῦ Νείλου πείσεσθαι τὸν πάντα χρόνον τὸν ἐπίλοιπον Αἰγύπτιοι τὸ κοτὲ αὐτοὶ Ἕλληνας ἔφασαν πείσεσθαι.
And it seems to me that the Egyptians who inhabit the districts below Lake Moeris, both the other regions and what is called the Delta, if this land continues to increase in height in the same proportion and to yield a similar growth, because the Nile does not flood it, will for all remaining time suffer the very thing which they themselves once said the Greeks would suffer.
§2.13.3πυθόμενοι γὰρ ὡς ὕεται πᾶσα ἡ χώρη τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἀλλʼ οὐ ποταμοῖσι ἄρδεται κατά περ ἡ σφετέρη, ἔφασαν Ἕλληνας ψευσθέντας κοτὲ ἐλπίδος μεγάλης κακῶς πεινήσειν.
For having learned that all the land of the Greeks is watered by rain and not irrigated by rivers as their own is, they said that the Greeks, being some day disappointed of their great hope, would suffer miserably from hunger.
τὸ δὲ ἔπος τοῦτο ἐθέλει λέγειν ὡς, εἰ μὴ ἐθελήσει σφι ὕειν ὁ θεὸς ἀλλὰ αὐχμῷ διαχρᾶσθαι, λιμῷ οἱ Ἕλληνες αἱρεθήσονται· οὐ γὰρ δή σφι ἐστὶ ὕδατος οὐδεμία ἄλλη ἀποστροφὴ ὅτι μὴ ἐκ τοῦ Διὸς μοῦνον.
And this saying means that, if God should not be willing to send them rain but rather afflict them with drought, the Greeks will be overtaken by famine; for indeed they have no other resource for water except from Zeus alone.

Notes

  1. §2.13.1Μοίρι ... τετελευτηκότι — Dative of the perfect participle, indicating the time elapsed since the death of Moeris (dative of reference/interest).
  2. §2.13.1εἰ μὴ ... ἀναβῇ — The subjunctive (ἀναβῇ) is used after the conjunction εἰ without ἄν. This is a characteristic usage in the Ionic dialect (and poetry), representing a general condition.
  3. §2.13.2δοκέουσί τέ μοι ... πείσεσθαι — A personal construction (instead of the impersonal δοκεῖ μοι) with the subject (οἱ ... οἰκέοντες) meaning 'they seem to me to be going to suffer'. The infinitive πείσεσθαι (future infinitive of πάσχω) is the complement of δοκέουσι. The subject is redundantly repeated as Αἰγύπτιοι later in the sentence, creating an anacoluthon.
  4. §2.13.2τὸ κοτὲ αὐτοὶ Ἕλληνας ἔφασαν πείσεσθαι — A relative clause introduced by the relative pronoun τὸ. αὐτοὶ (nominative) refers to the subject of the verb of saying (ἔφασαν), while Ἕλληνας (accusative) is the subject accusative of the subordinate infinitive πείσεσθαι.
  5. §2.13.3ἐθέλει λέγειν — An idiomatic expression with an inanimate subject (here τὸ δὲ ἔπος τοῦτο) where θέλω/ἐθέλω + infinitive means 'signifies' or 'means to say'.

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §2.13.1-2.13.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.13.1-2.13.3

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