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Herodotus · Histories §1.97.1-1.97.3

Deioces Retires and the Medes Choose Monarchy

Passage 97 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

Deioces abruptly refuses to judge disputes due to personal burden, and as lawlessness returns, the Medes, instigated by Deioces' friends, resolve to establish a monarchy to restore order.

§1.97.1πλεῦνος δὲ αἰεὶ γινομένου τοῦ ἐπιφοιτέοντος, οἷα πυνθανομένων τὰς δίκας ἀποβαίνειν κατὰ τὸ ἐόν, γνοὺς ὁ Δηιόκης ἐς ἑωυτὸν πᾶν ἀνακείμενον οὔτε κατίζειν ἔτι ἤθελε ἔνθα περ πρότερον προκατίζων ἐδίκαζε, οὔτʼ ἔφη δίκαν ἔτι·
As the number of those who came to him constantly increased, because people heard that his judgments turned out according to the truth, Deioces, realizing that everything depended on himself, no longer wished to sit where he used to sit beforehand to judge, nor did he say he would judge any longer.
οὐ γὰρ οἱ λυσιτελέειν τῶν ἑωυτοῦ ἐξημεληκότα τοῖσι πέλας διʼ ἡμέρης δικάζειν.
For he said it was not profitable for him, having neglected his own affairs, to judge for his neighbors all day long.
§1.97.2ἐούσης ὦν ἁρπαγῆς καὶ ἀνομίης ἔτι πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἀνὰ τὰς κώμας ἢ πρότερον ἦν, συνελέχθησαν οἱ Μῆδοι ἐς τὠυτὸ καὶ ἐδίδοσαν σφίσι λόγον, λέγοντες περὶ τῶν κατηκόντων.
So, since plunder and lawlessness became even more rampant throughout the villages than before, the Medes gathered together in one place and held council among themselves, speaking about the present state of affairs.
ὡς δʼ ἐγὼ δοκέω, μάλιστα ἔλεγον οἱ τοῦ Δηιόκεω φίλοι §1.97.3οὐ γὰρ δὴ τρόπῳ τῷ παρεόντι χρεώμενοι δυνατοὶ εἰμὲν οἰκέειν τὴν χώρην, φέρε στήσωμεν ἡμέων αὐτῶν βασιλέα· καὶ οὕτω ἥ τε χώρη εὐνομήσεται καὶ αὐτοὶ πρὸς ἔργα τρεψόμεθα, οὐδὲ ὑπʼ ἀνομίης ἀνάστατοι ἐσόμεθα. ταῦτά κῃ λέγοντες πείθουσι ἑωυτοὺς βασιλεύεσθαι.
And, as I think, it was Deioces' friends who spoke most of all: "For since we are not able to live in this country if we continue in our present way, come, let us set up a king over ourselves; and thus the country will be well-governed, and we ourselves shall turn to our works, nor shall we be driven from our homes by lawlessness." By saying things of this sort, they persuaded themselves to be ruled by a king.

Notes

  1. 1.97.1πυνθανομένων — A genitive absolute construction with the subject (such as 'people') omitted. The particle οἷα with this participle indicates an objective reason ('since they heard...'). The infinitive ἀποβαίνειν acts as a complementary infinitive to this participle.
  2. 1.97.1ἐξημεληκότα — Accusative masculine singular perfect active participle. It refers to the implied subject (Deioces) of the infinitive δικάζειν (to judge), which is subordinate to the impersonal expression οὐ λυσιτελέειν (it is not profitable), thus standing in the accusative case.
  3. 1.97.2σφίσι — Dative plural of the third-person pronoun. Here it is used reciprocally in place of ἀλλήλοις (each other), and the phrase ἐδίδοσαν σφίσι λόγον means 'they held council / debated among themselves'.
  4. 1.97.3βασιλεύεσθαι — Present passive infinitive of βασιλεύω. It functions as a complementary infinitive to the main verb πείθουσι ('they persuaded'), meaning 'to be ruled by a king'.

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §1.97.1-1.97.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.97.1-1.97.3

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