Humanitext Reader

Herodotus · Histories §1.96.1-1.96.3

The Rise of Deioces as a Just Judge

Passage 96 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

The narrative explains how the Medes fell back into tyranny through the rise of Deioces, who gained great popularity among the people by practicing strict justice and acting as a fair judge.

§1.96.1ἐόντων δὲ αὐτονόμων πάντων ἀνὰ τὴν ἤπειρον, ὧδε αὖτις ἐς τυραννίδα περιῆλθον.
\nWhile all those throughout the continent were self-governing, they fell back into tyranny in the following manner.
ἀνὴρ ἐν τοῖσι Μήδοισι ἐγένετο σοφὸς τῷ οὔνομα ἦν Δηιόκης, παῖς δʼ ἦν Φραόρτεω. §1.96.2οὗτος ὁ Δηιόκης ἐρασθεὶς τυραννίδος ἐποίεε τοιάδε.
There was among the Medes a wise man named Deioces, who was the son of Phraortes.\n\nThis Deioces, desiring tyranny, did as follows.
κατοικημένων τῶν Μήδων κατὰ κώμας, ἐν τῇ ἑωυτοῦ ἐὼν καὶ πρότερον δόκιμος καὶ μᾶλλόν τι καὶ προθυμότερον δικαιοσύνην ἐπιθέμενος ἤσκεε· καὶ ταῦτα μέντοι ἐούσης ἀνομίης πολλῆς ἀνὰ πᾶσαν τὴν Μηδικὴν ἐποίεε, ἐπιστάμενος ὅτι τῷ δικαίῳ τὸ ἄδικον πολέμιον ἐστί.
Since the Medes lived scattered in villages, and he, being already a man of good repute in his own village, began to practice justice even more eagerly and intensively; and indeed he did this even though there was great lawlessness throughout the whole of Media, knowing that the unjust is enemy to the just.
οἱ δʼ ἐκ τῆς αὐτῆς κώμης Μῆδοι ὁρῶντες αὐτοῦ τοὺς τρόπους δικαστήν μιν ἑωυτῶν αἱρέοντο.
The Medes of the same village, seeing his character, chose him as their judge.
ὁ δὲ δή, οἷα μνώμενος ἀρχήν, ἰθύς τε καὶ δίκαιος ἦν, §1.96.3ποιέων τε ταῦτα ἔπαινον εἶχε οὐκ ὀλίγον πρὸς τῶν πολιητέων, οὕτω ὥστε πυνθανόμενοι οἱ ἐν τῇσι ἄλλῃσι κώμῃσι ὡς Δηιόκης εἴη ἀνὴρ μοῦνος κατὰ τὸ ὀρθὸν δικάζων, πρότερον περιπίπτοντες ἀδίκοισι γνώμῃσι, τότε ἐπείτε ἤκουσαν ἄσμενοι, ἐφοίτων παρὰ τὸν Δηιόκεα καὶ αὐτοὶ δικασόμενοι, τέλος δὲ οὐδενὶ ἄλλῳ ἐπετράποντο.
And he, as one who was courting power, was upright and just.\n\nBy doing this, he won no small praise from his fellow citizens, so that when those in the other villages heard that Deioces was the only man who judged according to what was right—having previously suffered from unjust decisions—they then gladly went to Deioces of their own accord to have their disputes settled, and in the end they would entrust themselves to no one else.

Notes

  1. §1.96.2καὶ ταῦτα μέντοι ἐούσης ἀνομίης πολλῆς — The phrase καὶ ταῦτα is an idiomatic expression meaning 'and that too' or 'especially.' Here, it emphasizes the concessive genitive absolute clause (ἐούσης ἀνομίης πολλῆς, 'while there was great lawlessness'), rendering the sense 'and that too when there was great lawlessness throughout Media.'
  2. §1.96.2οἷα μνώμενος ἀρχήν — The particle οἷα is used with a participle (here μνώμενος) to express a subjective reason, motive, or pretense ('as if,' 'pretending to'). The participle μνώμενος is the present middle of μνάομαι, meaning 'to woo,' 'strive for,' or 'court,' taking the accusative ἀρχήν (power, sovereignty) to depict Deioces' hidden ambition.
  3. §1.96.3δικασόμενοι — The future participle of the middle voice δικάζομαι (from δικάζω, 'to judge'), expressing purpose ('in order to have their disputes settled' or 'to seek justice for themselves'). While the active voice means 'to act as a judge,' the middle voice signifies 'to go to law' or 'to have a lawsuit decided.'

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §1.96.1-1.96.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.96.1-1.96.3

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