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Herodotus · Histories §1.79.1-1.79.3

Cyrus' Rapid March on Sardis and the Lydian Cavalry

Passage 79 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

Cyrus marches rapidly on Sardis to catch Croesus before he can reassemble his forces. Croesus, caught completely by surprise, nevertheless leads out the Lydian army, which at the time possessed the finest cavalry in Asia.

§1.79.1Κῦρος δὲ αὐτίκα ἀπελαύνοντος Κροίσου μετὰ τὴν μάχην τὴν γενομένην ἐν τῇ Πτερίῃ, μαθὼν ὡς ἀπελάσας μέλλοι Κροῖσος διασκεδᾶν τὸν στρατόν, βουλευόμενος εὕρισκε πρῆγμά οἷ εἶναι ἐλαύνειν ὡς δύναιτο τάχιστα ἐπὶ τὰς Σάρδις, πρὶν ἢ τὸ δεύτερον ἁλισθῆναι τῶν Λυδῶν τὴν δύναμιν.
As for Cyrus, immediately upon Croesus' retreat after the battle that took place in Pteria, having learned that Croesus, after his retreat, was going to disband his army, he found, upon deliberation, that it was to his advantage to march as quickly as possible against Sardis, before the force of the Lydians could be assembled for a second time.
§1.79.2ὡς δέ οἱ ταῦτα ἔδοξε, καὶ ἐποίεε κατὰ τάχος· ἐλάσας γὰρ τὸν στρατὸν ἐς τὴν Λυδίην αὐτὸς ἄγγελος Κροίσῳ ἐληλύθεε.
And when he had so resolved, he acted with all speed; for having marched his army into Lydia, he came as his own messenger to Croesus.
ἐνθαῦτα Κροῖσος ἐς ἀπορίην πολλὴν ἀπιγμένος, ὥς οἱ παρὰ δόξαν ἔσχε τὰ πρήγματα ἢ ὡς αὐτὸς κατεδόκεε, ὅμως τοὺς Λυδοὺς ἐξῆγε ἐς μάχην.
Thereupon Croesus, though brought into great perplexity, since affairs had turned out contrary to his expectation or what he himself had anticipated, nevertheless led the Lydians out to battle.
§1.79.3ἦν δὲ τοῦτον τὸν χρόνον ἔθνος οὐδὲν ἐν τῇ Ἀσίῃ οὔτε ἀνδρηιότερον οὔτε ἀλκιμώτερον τοῦ Λυδίου.
Now at this time there was no nation in Asia more courageous or more warlike than the Lydian.
ἡ δὲ μάχη σφέων ἦν ἀπʼ ἵππων, δόρατά τε ἐφόρεον μεγάλα, καὶ αὐτοὶ ἦσαν ἱππεύεσθαι ἀγαθοί.
Their fighting was from horseback, and they carried large spears, being themselves excellent horsemen.

Notes

  1. §1.79.1ἀπελαύνοντος Κροίσου — A genitive absolute construction accompanied by the adverb αὐτίκα (immediately), emphasizing the temporal immediacy of 'immediately upon Croesus' retreat'.
  2. §1.79.1πρῆγμά οἷ εἶναι — The predicate part of the clause taking the infinitive ἐλαύνειν as its subject. πρῆγμά ἐστί τινι means 'it is someone's business' or 'it is to someone's interest'. In indirect discourse, ἐστί becomes εἶναι, accompanied by the dative pronoun οἱ (3rd person singular dative, referring to Cyrus).
  3. §1.79.2ὥς οἱ παρὰ δόξαν ἔσχε τὰ πρήγματα — A causal clause introduced by the conjunction ὡς (since). The verb ἔχω is used intransitively with the adverbial phrase παρὰ δόξαν (contrary to expectation), meaning 'affairs (τὰ πρήγματα) turned out contrary to his (οἱ) expectation'.
  4. §1.79.3ἱππεύεσθαι ἀγαθοί — An infinitive of limitation (epexegetical infinitive) limiting the meaning of the adjective ἀγαθοί (good). It means 'good in respect to riding', i.e., 'excellent horsemen'.

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §1.79.1-1.79.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.79.1-1.79.3

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