§41καίτοι τί ποτʼ ἂν βουληθείημεν, τῆς μὲν διανοίας ἐπὶ τοῦ λέγειν καὶ βουλεύεσθαι τεταγμένης, τῆς δὲ φιλοσοφίας ἑκατέρου τούτων ἐμπειρίαν παραδιδούσης, μὴ ταύτην κατασχεῖν τὴν πραγματείαν, διʼ ἧς ἀμφοτέρων τούτων ἐγκρατῶς ἕξομεν;
And yet, how could we not wish to acquire this study, through which we shall obtain firm control over both of these, since the intellect is assigned to speaking and deliberating, and philosophy hands down experience of each of them?
τότε γὰρ εἰκὸς καὶ τὸν βίον ἡμῶν μεγίστην ἐπίδοσιν λαβεῖν, ὅταν τῶν κρατίστων ὀρεγόμενοι τὰ μὲν διδακτὰ τέχνῃ, τὰ δὲ λοιπὰ γυμνασίᾳ καὶ συνηθείᾳ κατασχεῖν δυνηθῶμεν. §42οὐ γὰρ δήπου τοῦτό γʼ ἔστιν εἰπεῖν, ὡς οὐδὲν πρὸς τὸ φρονεῖν εὖ παρὰ τὴν ἐπιστήμην διαφέρομεν ἀλλήλων· ὅλως μὲν γὰρ ἅπασα φύσις βελτίων γίγνεται παιδείαν προσλαβοῦσα τὴν προσήκουσαν, πολὺ δὲ μάλισθʼ ὅσαις ἐξ ἀρχῆς εὐφυέστερον τῶν ἄλλων ἔχειν ὑπῆρξεν· ταῖς μὲν γὰρ αὑτῶν μόνον βελτίοσιν γίγνεσθαι, ταῖς δὲ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων συμβαίνει διενεγκεῖν. §43εὖ δʼ ἴσθι τὴν μὲν ἐκ τῶν πράξεων ἐμπειρίαν γιγνομένην σφαλερὰν οὖσαν καὶ πρὸς τὸν λοιπὸν βίον ἀχρήστως ἔχουσαν, τὴν δʼ ἐκ τοῦ φιλοσοφεῖν παιδείαν πρὸς ἅπαντα ταῦτʼ εὐκαίρως συγκεκραμένην.
For it is natural that our life then takes the greatest increase, when, striving for the best things, we are able to master those which can be taught by art, and the rest by practice and habit. For surely it is not possible to say this, that we differ not at all from one another in thinking well, apart from knowledge; for in general every nature becomes better by receiving its proper education, but much most of all those which from the beginning had a more gifted nature than the others; for to the former it happens only to become better than themselves, but to the latter even to excel others. Know well, however, that the experience arising from actions is slippery and useless for the rest of life, but the education from philosophy is opportunely blended for all these things.
καίτοι τινὲς ἤδη καὶ διʼ εὐτυχίαν πραγμάτων γυμνασθέντες ἐθαυμάσθησαν· σοὶ δὲ προσήκει τούτων μὲν καταφρονεῖν, σαυτοῦ δʼ ἐπιμέλειαν ἔχειν· οὐ γὰρ αὐτοσχεδιάζειν, ἀλλʼ ἐπίστασθαί σε δεῖ περὶ τῶν μεγίστων, οὐδʼ ἐπὶ τῶν καιρῶν μελετᾶν, ἀλλʼ ἀγωνίζεσθαι καλῶς ἐπίστασθαι. §44νόμιζε δὲ πᾶσαν μὲν τὴν φιλοσοφίαν μεγάλα τοὺς χρωμένους ὠφελεῖν, πολὺ δὲ μάλιστα τὴν περὶ τὰς πράξεις καὶ τοὺς πολιτικοὺς λόγους ἐπιστήμην.
And yet, some have already been admired having been trained even through the good fortune of affairs; but it is fitting for you to despise these and to have care for yourself; for you must not improvise, but have knowledge about the greatest things, nor practice on the occasions, but know how to contend well. And consider that all philosophy greatly benefits those who use it, but much most of all the knowledge concerning actions and political discourses.
τῆς γὰρ γεωμετρίας καὶ τῆς ἄλλης τῆς τοιαύτης παιδείας ἀπείρως μὲν ἔχειν αἰσχρόν, ἄκρον δʼ ἀγωνιστὴν γενέσθαι ταπεινότερον τῆς σῆς ἀξίας· ἐν ἐκείνῃ δὲ τὸ μὲν διενεγκεῖν ζηλωτόν, τὸ δʼ ἄμοιρον γενέσθαι παντελῶς καταγέλαστον. §45γνοίης δʼ ἂν ἐξ ἄλλων τε πολλῶν, καὶ παραθεωρήσας τοὺς πρὸ σαυτοῦ γεγενημένους ἐνδόξους ἄνδρας.
For to have no experience of geometry and other such education is shameful, but to become a top-tier contestant is too lowly for your dignity; but in that, to excel is enviable, and to have no share at all is completely ridiculous. And you would know this both from many other things, and by comparing the famous men who have lived before you.
τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ Περικλέα τὸν συνέσει πλεῖστον τῶν καθʼ αὑτὸν διενεγκεῖν δόξαντα πάντων, ἀκούσει πλησιάσαντʼ Ἀναξαγόρᾳ τῷ Κλαζομενίῳ καὶ μαθητὴν ἐκείνου γενόμενον ταύτης τῆς δυνάμεως μετασχόντα· τοῦτο δʼ Ἀλκιβιάδην εὑρήσεις φύσει μὲν πρὸς ἀρετὴν πολλῷ χεῖρον διακείμενον, καὶ τὰ μὲν ὑπερηφάνως, τὰ δὲ ταπεινῶς, τὰ δʼ ὑπερακρατῶς ζῆν προῃρημένον, ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς Σωκράτους ὁμιλίας πολλὰ μὲν ἐπανορθωθέντα τοῦ βίου, τὰ δὲ λοιπὰ τῷ μεγέθει τῶν ἄλλων ἔργων ἐπικρυψάμενον. §46εἰ δὲ δεῖ μὴ παλαιὰ λέγοντας διατρίβειν, ἔχοντας ὑπογυωτέροις παραδείγμασιν χρῆσθαι, τοῦτο μὲν Τιμόθεον οὐκ ἐξ ὧν νεώτερος ὢν ἐπετήδευσεν, ἀλλʼ ἐξ ὧν Ἰσοκράτει συνδιατρίψας ἔπραξεν, μεγίστης δόξης καὶ πλείστων τιμῶν εὑρήσεις ἀξιωθέντα· τοῦτο δʼ Ἀρχύταν τὴν Ταραντίνων πόλιν οὕτω καλῶς καὶ φιλανθρώπως διοικήσαντα κύριον αὐτῆς καταστάντα, ὥστʼ εἰς ἅπαντας τὴν ἐκείνου μνήμην διενεγκεῖν· ὃς ἐν ἀρχῇ καταφρονούμενος, ἐκ τοῦ Πλάτωνι πλησιάσαι τοσαύτην ἔλαβεν ἐπίδοσιν. §47καὶ τούτων οὐδὲν ἀλόγως ἀποβέβηκεν· πολὺ γὰρ ἄν ἦν ἀτοπώτερον, εἰ τὰ μὲν μικρὰ διʼ ἐπιστήμης καὶ μελέτης ἠναγκαζόμεθʼ ἐπιτελεῖν, τὰ δὲ μέγιστʼ ἄνευ ταύτης τῆς πραγματείας ἠδυνάμεθα πράττειν.
For on the one hand, you will hear that Pericles, who seemed to excel all his contemporaries most in intelligence, associated with Anaxagoras of Clazomenae, and by becoming his pupil, shared in this power; and on the other hand, you will find that Alcibiades, though by nature disposed much worse toward virtue, and choosing to live sometimes arrogantly, sometimes humbly, and sometimes with extreme self-indulgence, yet corrected many things in his life from the company of Socrates, and covered the rest by the greatness of his other deeds. But if we must not spend time speaking of old matters, since we can use more recent examples, on the one hand, you will find that Timotheus, not from what he practiced when he was younger, but from what he did by spending time with Isocrates, was deemed worthy of the greatest reputation and the most honors; and on the other hand, that Archytas, having become master of the city of the Tarentines, administered it so well and humanely that his memory was carried to all; who, being despised in the beginning, received such a great increase from associating with Plato. And none of these things has turned out unreasonably; for it would be much more absurd if we were compelled to accomplish small things through knowledge and training, but were able to practice the greatest things without this study.
περὶ μὲν οὖν τούτων οὐκ οἶδʼ ὅ τι δεῖ πλείω λέγειν· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὡς παντελῶς ἀπείρως ἔχοντός σου περὶ αὐτῶν ἐμνήσθην, ἀλλʼ ἡγούμενος τὰς τοιαύτας παρακλήσεις τοὺς μὲν ἀγνοοῦντας προτρέπειν, τοὺς δʼ εἰδότας παροξύνειν. §48μηδὲν δʼ ὑπολάβῃς τοιοῦτον, ὡς ἄρʼ ἐγὼ ταῦτʼ εἴρηκα διδάξειν αὐτὸς ἐπαγγελλόμενός σέ τι τούτων· οὐ γὰρ ἂν αἰσχυνθείην εἰπὼν ὅτι πολλὰ μαθεῖν αὐτὸς ἔτι δέομαι, καὶ μᾶλλον ἀγωνιστὴς προῄρημαι τῶν πολιτικῶν ἢ διδάσκαλος εἶναι τῶν ἄλλων.
Concerning these things, then, I know not what more must be said; for neither did I mention them from the beginning as if you were completely without experience of them, but thinking that such exhortations urge on those who are ignorant, and stimulate those who know. And do not suppose any such thing, as if I have said these things promising myself to teach you any of these; for I would not be ashamed to say that I myself still need to learn many things, and have chosen rather to be a contestant in political affairs than a teacher of others.
οὐχ ὡς ἀναινόμενος δὲ ταῦτα διορθοῦμαι τὴν τῶν σοφιστεύειν ἑλομένων δόξαν, ἀλλʼ ὅτι τἀληθὲς τοῦτον ἔχον τυγχάνει τὸν τρόπον·
Not as if in denial of these things do I correct the reputation of those who have chosen to be sophists, but because the truth happens to be in this manner.