§23καὶ τὰ μὲν ἄλλʼ ἔστιν τούτων ὡς ἕκαστος ἔχει γνώμης, οὕτως ὑπολαμβάνειν· ὃ δʼ ἅπασιν ὁμοίως τοῖς οὖσιν ἀνθρώποις γεγένηται φανερόν, ὅτι ἡ πάσης τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἄρʼ ἐλευθερία ἐν ταῖς τῶνδε τῶν ἀνδρῶν ψυχαῖς διεσῴζετο·
And as for the other of these matters, it is possible for each to understand them as he holds his opinion; but that which has become manifest to all men alike is that the freedom of all Greece was preserved in the souls of these men.
ἐπειδὴ γοῦν ἡ πεπρωμένη τούτους ἀνεῖλεν, οὐδεὶς ἀντέστη τῶν λοιπῶν.
At any rate, when fate carried them away, no one of the remaining stood against.
καὶ φθόνος μὲν ἀπείη τοῦ λόγου, δοκεῖ δέ μοί τις ἂν εἰπὼν ὡς ἡ τῶνδε τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἀρετὴ τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἦν ψυχὴ τἀληθὲς εἰπεῖν·
And may envy be absent from my speech, but it seems to me that someone saying that the virtue of these men was the soul of Greece would speak the truth.
§24ἅμα γὰρ τά τε τούτων πνεύματʼ ἀπηλλάγη τῶν οἰκείων σωμάτων, καὶ τὸ τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἀξίωμʼ ἀνῄρηται.
For at the same time their breath departed from their own bodies, the prestige of Greece was also destroyed.
μεγάλην μὲν οὖν ἴσως ὑπερβολὴν δόξομεν λέγειν, ῥητέον δʼ ὅμως· ὥσπερ γάρ, εἴ τις ἐκ τοῦ καθεστηκότος κόσμου τὸ φῶς ἐξέλοι, δυσχερὴς καὶ χαλεπὸς ἅπας ὁ λειπόμενος ἂν ἡμῖν βίος γένοιτο, οὕτω τῶνδε τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἀναιρεθέντων ἐν σκότει καὶ πολλῇ δυσκλείᾳ πᾶς ὁ πρὸ τοῦ ζῆλος τῶν Ἑλλήνων γέγονεν.
Now, we may perhaps seem to speak with great exaggeration, but it must nevertheless be said: just as, if someone were to remove the light from the established universe, all our remaining life would become difficult and hard, so, with these men taken away, all the previous glory of the Greeks has fallen into darkness and great dishonor.
§25διὰ πολλὰ δʼ εἰκότως ὄντες τοιοῦτοι, διὰ τὴν πολιτείαν οὐχ ἥκιστʼ ἦσαν σπουδαῖοι.
And being such naturally for many reasons, they were excellent not least because of their constitution.
αἱ μὲν γὰρ διὰ τῶν ὀλίγων δυναστεῖαι δέος μὲν ἐνεργάζονται τοῖς πολίταις, αἰσχύνην δʼ οὐ παριστᾶσιν· ἡνίκʼ ἂν οὖν ὁ ἀγὼν ἔλθῃ τοῦ πολέμου, πᾶς τις εὐχερῶς ἑαυτὸν σῴζει, συνειδὼς ὅτι, ἐὰν τοὺς κυρίους ἢ δώροις ἢ διʼ ἄλλης ἡστινοσοῦν ὁμιλίας ἐξαρέσηται, κἂν τὰ δεινότατʼ ἀσχημονήσῃ, μικρὸν ὄνειδος τὸ λοιπὸν αὐτῷ καταστήσεται·
For oligarchies through the few instill fear in the citizens but do not produce shame; therefore, whenever the contest of war comes, everyone easily saves himself, knowing well that if he placates the masters either by gifts or by any other intercourse whatsoever, even if he behaves in the most shameful manner, little disgrace will attach to him for the future.
§26αἱ δὲ δημοκρατίαι πολλά τʼ ἄλλα καὶ καλὰ καὶ δίκαιʼ ἔχουσιν, ὧν τὸν εὖ φρονοῦντʼ ἀντέχεσθαι δεῖ, καὶ τὴν παρρησίαν ἐκ τῆς ἀληθείας ἠρτημένην οὐκ ἔστι τἀληθὲς δηλοῦν ἀποτρέψαι.
On the other hand, democracies possess many other beautiful and just things, to which a man of sense must cling, and among them, freedom of speech, depending on the truth, cannot be prevented from showing what is true.
οὔτε γὰρ πάντας ἐξαρέσασθαι τοῖς αἰσχρόν τι ποιήσασιν δυνατόν, οὔτε μόνος ὁ τἀληθὲς ὄνειδος λέγων λυπεῖ· καὶ γὰρ οἱ μηδὲν ἂν εἰπόντες αὐτοὶ βλάσφημον ἄλλου γε λέγοντος χαίρουσιν ἀκούοντες.
For it is neither possible to placate everyone after doing something shameful, nor does he who speaks the true disgrace pain them alone; for even those who would say nothing slanderous themselves enjoy hearing someone else say it.
ἃ φοβούμενοι πάντες εἰκότως τῇ τῶν μετὰ ταῦτʼ ὀνειδῶν αἰσχύνῃ τόν τε προσιόντʼ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐναντίων κίνδυνον εὐρώστως ὑπέμειναν, καὶ θάνατον καλὸν εἵλοντο μᾶλλον ἢ βίον αἰσχρόν.
Fearing these things, everyone naturally through the shame of subsequent reproaches both stoutly endured the oncoming danger from the enemy and chose a noble death rather than a shameful life.
§27ἃ μὲν οὖν κοινῇ πᾶσιν ὑπῆρχεν τοῖσδε τοῖς ἀνδράσιν εἰς τὸ καλῶς ἐθέλειν ἀποθνῄσκειν, εἴρηται, γένος, παιδεία, χρηστῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων συνήθεια, τῆς ὅλης πολιτείας ὑπόθεσις· ἃ δὲ κατὰ φυλὰς παρεκάλεσεν ἑκάστους εὐρώστους εἶναι, ταῦτʼ ἤδη λέξω.
Now, what belonged in common to all these men to make them willing to die nobly has been told—birth, education, the habit of virtuous pursuits, and the underlying principle of the whole constitution; and what encouraged each group according to their tribes to be stout-hearted, I shall now relate.
ᾔδεσαν πάντες Ἐρεχθεῖδαι τὸν ἐπώνυμον τὸν αὑτῶν Ἐρεχθέα, ἕνεκα τοῦ σῷσαι τὴν χώραν τὰς αὑτοῦ παῖδας, ἃς Ὑακινθίδας καλοῦσιν, εἰς προῦπτον θάνατον δόντʼ ἀναλῶσαι.
All the Erechtheidae knew that their eponym, Erechtheus, to save the land, gave his own daughters, whom they call Hyacinthides, to meet a manifest death and be sacrificed.
αἰσχρὸν οὖν ἡγοῦντο τὸν μὲν ἀπʼ ἀθανάτων πεφυκότα πάντα ποιεῖν ἕνεκα τοῦ τὴν πατρίδʼ ἐλευθερῶσαι, αὐτοὶ δὲ φανῆναι θνητὸν σῶμα ποιούμενοι περὶ πλείονος ἢ δόξαν ἀθάνατον.
They held it shameful, therefore, that while one born of immortals did everything to free his fatherland, they themselves should appear to value a mortal body more than immortal glory.
§28οὐκ ἠγνόουν Αἰγεῖδαι Θησέα τὸν Αἰγέως πρῶτον ἰσηγορίαν καταστησάμενον τῇ πόλει.
The Aegeidae were not ignorant that Theseus, the son of Aegeus, first established equality of speech in the city.
δεινὸν οὖν ἡγοῦντο τὴν ἐκείνου προδοῦναι προαίρεσιν, καὶ τεθνάναι μᾶλλον ᾑροῦνθʼ ἢ καταλυομένης ταύτης παρὰ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ζῆν φιλοψυχήσαντες.
They held it a terrible thing to betray his choice, and preferred to die rather than to cling to life while this was being destroyed among the Greeks.
παρειλήφεσαν Πανδιονίδαι Πρόκνην καὶ Φιλομήλαν τὰς Πανδίονος θυγατέρας, ὡς ἐτιμωρήσαντο Τηρέα διὰ τὴν εἰς αὑτὰς ὕβριν.
The Pandionidae had received the tradition of Procne and Philomela, the daughters of Pandion, how they punished Tereus for his outrage against them.
οὐ βιωτὸν οὖν ἐνόμιζον αὑτοῖς, εἰ μὴ συγγενῆ φανήσονται τὸν θυμὸν ἔχοντες ἐκείναις, ἐφʼ οἷς τὴν Ἑλλάδʼ ἑώρων ὑβριζομένην.
They did not, therefore, consider life livable for themselves unless they should show themselves possessing a spirit akin to those women, in the face of what they saw Greece being outraged by.
§29ἠκηκόεσαν Λεωντίδαι μυθολογουμένας τὰς Λεὼ κόρας, ὡς ἑαυτὰς ἔδοσαν σφάγιον τοῖς πολίταις ὑπὲρ τῆς χώρας.
The Leontidae had heard the legends of the daughters of Leos, how they gave themselves as a sacrifice to the citizens for the sake of the country.
ὅτε δὴ γυναῖκες ἐκεῖναι τοιαύτην ἔσχον ἀνδρείαν, οὐ θεμιτὸν αὑτοῖς ὑπελάμβανον χείροσιν ἀνδράσιν οὖσιν ἐκείνων φανῆναι.
When, indeed, those women possessed such courage, they did not suppose it lawful for themselves, being men, to appear worse than them.
ἐμέμνηντʼ Ἀκαμαντίδαι τῶν ἐπῶν ἐν οἷς Ὅμηρος ἕνεκα τῆς μητρός φησιν Αἴθρας Ἀκάμαντʼ εἰς Τροίαν στεῖλαι.
The Acamantidae remembered the verses in which Homer says that Acamas sailed to Troy for the sake of his mother Aethra.
ὁ μὲν οὖν παντὸς ἐπειρᾶτο κινδύνου τοῦ σῷσαι τὴν ἑαυτοῦ μητέρʼ ἕνεκα· οἱ δὲ τοὺς οἴκοι σύμπαντας γονέας πῶς οὐκ ἤμελλον ὑπὲρ τοῦ σῷσαι πάντα κίνδυνον ὑπομένειν;
Now, while he attempted every danger for the sake of saving his own mother, how were they not bound to endure every danger to save all their parents at home?